51
|
Chandran PA, Keller A, Weinmann L, Seida AA, Braun M, Andreev K, Fischer B, Horn E, Schwinn S, Junker M, Houben R, Dombrowski Y, Dietl J, Finotto S, Wölfl M, Meister G, Wischhusen J. The TGF-β-inducible miR-23a cluster attenuates IFN-γ levels and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in human CD8⁺ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:633-45. [PMID: 25030422 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0114-025r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine secretion and degranulation represent key components of CD8(+) T-cell cytotoxicity. While transcriptional blockade of IFN-γ and inhibition of degranulation by TGF-β are well established, we wondered whether TGF-β could also induce immune-regulatory miRNAs in human CD8(+) T cells. We used miRNA microarrays and high-throughput sequencing in combination with qRT-PCR and found that TGF-β promotes expression of the miR-23a cluster in human CD8(+) T cells. Likewise, TGF-β up-regulated expression of the cluster in CD8(+) T cells from wild-type mice, but not in cells from mice with tissue-specific expression of a dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor. Reporter gene assays including site mutations confirmed that miR-23a specifically targets the 3'UTR of CD107a/LAMP1 mRNA, whereas the further miRNAs expressed in this cluster-namely, miR-27a and -24-target the 3'UTR of IFN-γ mRNA. Upon modulation of the miR-23a cluster by the respective miRNA antagomirs and mimics, we observed significant changes in IFN-γ expression, but only slight effects on CD107a/LAMP1 expression. Still, overexpression of the cluster attenuated the cytotoxic activity of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. These functional data thus reveal that the miR-23a cluster not only is induced by TGF-β, but also exerts a suppressive effect on CD8(+) T-cell effector functions, even in the absence of TGF-β signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Anoop Chandran
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (GSLS), University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lasse Weinmann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ahmed Adel Seida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research
| | - Matthias Braun
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital
| | - Katerina Andreev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Lung Immunology, Institute of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | | | - Evi Horn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Stefanie Schwinn
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital
| | - Markus Junker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Dombrowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research
| | | | - Susetta Finotto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Lung Immunology, Institute of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital
| | - Gunter Meister
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research,
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Eyrich M, Schreiber SC, Rachor J, Krauss J, Pauwels F, Hain J, Wölfl M, Lutz MB, de Vleeschouwer S, Schlegel PG, Van Gool SW. Development and validation of a fully GMP-compliant production process of autologous, tumor-lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:946-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
53
|
Braun M, Wölfl M, Wiegering V, Winkler B, Ertan K, Bald R, Schwarz K, Heimpel H, Eyrich M, Schlegel PG. Successful treatment of an infant with CDA type II by intrauterine transfusions and postnatal stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:743-5. [PMID: 24123799 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias are rare hematological disorders leading to ineffective erythropoiesis with chronic anemia, complicated by iron overload. Here we present a remarkable clinical course of an infant with CDA type II who first presented as a severe fetal hydrops, requiring serial intrauterine red cell transfusions. While postnatal transfusion dependency persisted, the patient was successfully transplanted with a myeloablative conditioning regimen and peripheral blood stem cells of a matched donor. We believe that allogeneic HSCT is a reasonable therapeutic approach for patients with very severe CDA, even if only a matched unrelated donor is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Braun
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children's Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Antigen-specific priming of human, naive T cells has been difficult to assess. Owing to the low initial frequency in the naive cell pool of specific T cell precursors, such an analysis has been obscured by the requirements for repeated stimulations and prolonged culture time. In this protocol, we describe how to evaluate antigen-specific priming of CD8(+) cells 10 d after a single specific stimulation. The assay provides reference conditions, which result in the expansion of a substantial population of antigen-specific T cells from the naive repertoire. Various conditions and modifications during the priming process (e.g., testing new cytokines, co-stimulators and so on) can now be directly compared with the reference conditions. Factors relevant to achieving effective priming include the dendritic cell preparation, the T cell preparation, the cell ratio at the time of priming, the serum source used for the experiment and the timing of addition and concentration of the cytokines used for expansion. This protocol is relevant for human immunology, vaccine biology and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wölfl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- 1] Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Eyrich M, Rachor J, Schreiber SC, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG. Dendritic cell vaccination in pediatric gliomas: lessons learnt and future perspectives. Front Pediatr 2013; 1:12. [PMID: 24400258 PMCID: PMC3860891 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2013.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of malignant gliomas with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) in addition to surgery and radiochemotherapy has been a focus of intense research during the past decade. Since both children and adults are affected by this highly aggressive brain tumor, 10-15% of the several hundred vaccinated patients represent children, making pediatric glioma patients the largest uniform pediatric vaccination cohort so far. In general, DC vaccination in malignant gliomas has been shown to be safe and several studies with a non-vaccinated control group could clearly demonstrate a survival benefit for the vaccinated patients. Interestingly, children and adolescents below 21 years of age seem to benefit even more than adult patients. This review summarizes the findings of the 25 clinical trials published so far and gives a perspective how DC vaccination could be implemented as part of multimodal therapeutic strategies in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Rachor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne C Schreiber
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Chapuis A, Ragnarsson GB, Nguyen HN, Chaney CN, Pufnock JS, Schmitt TM, Duerkopp N, Roberts IM, Pogosov GL, Ho WY, Ochsenreither S, Wölfl M, Bar M, Radich JP, Yee C, Greenberg PD. Transferred WT1-reactive CD8+ T cells can mediate antileukemic activity and persist in post-transplant patients. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:174ra27. [PMID: 23447018 PMCID: PMC3678970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Relapse remains a leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients with high-risk leukemias. The potentially beneficial donor T cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is often mitigated by concurrent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Providing T cells that can selectively target Wilms tumor antigen 1 (WT1), a transcription factor overexpressed in leukemias that contributes to the malignant phenotype, represents an opportunity to promote antileukemic activity without inducing GVHD. HLA-A*0201-restricted WT1-specific donor-derived CD8 cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones were administered after HCT to 11 relapsed or high-risk leukemia patients without evidence of on-target toxicity. The last four treated patients received CTL clones generated with exposure to interleukin-21 (IL-21) to prolong in vivo CTL survival, because IL-21 can limit terminal differentiation of antigen-specific T cells generated in vitro. Transferred cells exhibited direct evidence of antileukemic activity in two patients: a transient response in one patient with advanced progressive disease and the induction of a prolonged remission in a patient with minimal residual disease (MRD). Additionally, three treated patients at high risk for relapse after HCT survive without leukemia relapse, GVHD, or additional antileukemic treatment. CTLs generated in the presence of IL-21, which were transferred in these latter three patients and the patient with MRD, all remained detectable long-term and maintained or acquired in vivo phenotypic and functional characteristics associated with long-lived memory CD8 T cells. This study supports expanding efforts to immunologically target WT1 and provides insights into the requirements necessary to establish potent persistent T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Chapuis
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G. B. Ragnarsson
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H. N. Nguyen
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C. N. Chaney
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J. S. Pufnock
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T. M. Schmitt
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N. Duerkopp
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - I. M. Roberts
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - W. Y. Ho
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S. Ochsenreither
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M. Wölfl
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M. Bar
- Clinical Research Division, FHCRC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J. P. Radich
- Clinical Research Division, FHCRC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Yee
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P. D. Greenberg
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wiegering V, Winkler B, Haubitz I, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Eyrich M. Lower TGFß serum levels and higher frequency of IFNγ-producing T cells during early immune reconstitution in surviving children after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:121-8. [PMID: 22623061 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for patients with high-risk malignancies as well as life-threatening non-malignant diseases. However, only limited data about the association between outcome and functional parameters of recovering lymphocytes are available so far. PROCEDURES In this prospective study of 19 pediatric SCT recipients, we serially evaluated immune parameters quantitatively and qualitatively before and throughout allogeneic SCT. These data were analyzed with respect to survival. RESULTS Age, gender, GvHD, and type of graft were not different between surviving and non-surviving patients. Notably, in our cohort there was no case of transplant-related or infectious mortality. However, with the exception of two patients with advanced MDS, all patients not in complete remission (CR) relapsed in addition to three patients in higher CR (n = 7). All seven patients relapsing after allogeneic SCT later succumbed to their disease recurrence. Uni- and multivariate analysis showed that relapsing patients had higher TGFß serum levels as well as lower percentages of IFNγ-producing T cells before and early after transplantation. Furthermore, relapsing patients had a further decline in their thymic function between day 60 and 120 whereas non-relapsing patients already showed increasing TREC values during this time interval. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, patients who later relapse show a different pattern of immune reconstitution before and at early time points post-transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wiegering
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Unit, University Children's Hospital, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wölfl M, Langhammer F, Wiegering V, Eyrich M, Schlegel PG. Dasatinib medication causing profound immunosuppression in a patient after haploidentical SCT: functional assays from whole blood as diagnostic clues. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:875-7. [PMID: 23222377 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
59
|
Molinari-Jobin A, Kéry M, Marboutin E, Molinari P, Koren I, Fuxjäger C, Breitenmoser-Würsten C, Wölfl S, Fasel M, Kos I, Wölfl M, Breitenmoser U. Monitoring in the presence of species misidentification: the case of the Eurasian lynx in the Alps. Anim Conserv 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Kéry
- Swiss Ornithological Institute; Sempach; Switzerland
| | | | | | - I. Koren
- Slovenia Forest Service; Tolmin; Slovenia
| | - C. Fuxjäger
- Nationalpark Oberoesterreichische Kalkalpen; Molln; Austria
| | | | - S. Wölfl
- Lynx Project Bavaria; Lam; Germany
| | - M. Fasel
- Department Nature and Landscape; Ministry of Environmental Affairs, Land Use Planning, Agriculture and Forestry, Office of Forests, Nature and Land Management; Vaduz; Liechtenstein
| | - I. Kos
- University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana; Slovenia
| | - M. Wölfl
- Bavarian Agency of Environment; Hof; Germany
| | - U. Breitenmoser
- Institute of Veterinary Virology; University of Berne; Bern; Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Eyrich M, Schreiber SC, Wollny G, Ziegler H, Schlenker R, Koch-Büttner K, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Schilbach K. Pre-differentiated human committed T-lymphoid progenitors promote peripheral T-cell re-constitution after stem cell transplantation in immunodeficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3596-603. [PMID: 21928276 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
T-cell re-constitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is often dampened by the slow differentiation of human peripheral blood CD34(+) (huCD34(+) ) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into mature T cells. This process may be accelerated by the co-transfer of in vitro-pre-differentiated committed T/NK-lymphoid progenitors (CTLPs). Here, we analysed the developmental potential of huCD34(+) HSCs compared with CTLPs from a third-party donor in a murine NOD-scid IL2Rγ(null) model of humanised chimeric haematopoiesis. CTLPs (CD34(+) lin(-) CD45RA(+) CD7(+) ) could be generated in vitro within 10 days upon co-culture of huCD34(+) or cord blood CD34(+) (CB-CD34) HSCs on murine OP9/N-DLL-1 stroma cells but not in a novel 3-D cell-culture matrix with DLL-1(low) human stroma cells. In both in vitro systems, huCD34(+) and CB-CD34(+) HSCs did not give rise to mature T cells. Upon transfer into 6-wk-old immune-deficient mice, CTLPs alone did not engraft. However, transplantation of CTLPs together with huCD34(+) HSCs resulted in rapid T-cell engraftment in spleen, bone marrow and thymus at day 28. Strikingly, at this early time point mature T cells originated exclusively from CTLPs, whereas descendants of huCD34(+) HSCs still expressed a T-cell-precursor phenotype (CD7(+) CD5(+) CD1a(+/-) ). This strategy to enhance early T-cell re-constitution with ex vivo-pre-differentiated T-lymphoid progenitors could bridge the gap until full T-cell recovery in severely immunocompromised patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eyrich
- Stem Cell Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wiegering V, Winkler B, Langhammer F, Wölfl M, Wirbelauer J, Sauer K, Kobsar A, Meyer T, Strauß A, Bakchoul T, Eyrich M, Schlegel P. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Complicated by Platelet Alloimmunization. Klin Padiatr 2011; 223:173-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
62
|
Wiegering V, Eyrich M, Rutkowski S, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Winkler B. TH1 predominance is associated with improved survival in pediatric medulloblastoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:693-703. [PMID: 21327638 PMCID: PMC11028585 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, a primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor that arises in the posterior fossa, is the most common malignant brain tumor occurring in childhood. Even though 60-70% of children with medulloblastoma will be cured with intensive multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, a significant proportion of surviving patients may suffer from long-term treatment-related sequelae. Therapeutic success is limited especially in younger children by radiotherapy-induced neurocognitive longterm deficits. In order to avoid or delay craniospinal radiotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become an established treatment modality. Data on the host immunologic environment in medulloblastoma patients are rare, notably data on cytokine expression and immune reconstitution in patients with medulloblastoma undergoing HSCT are lacking. In this present study, we therefore decided to prospectively assess immune function following 24 consecutive autologous HSCT in 17 children with medulloblastoma treated according to the German-Austrian-Swiss HIT-2000-protocol. TH1 predominance was found to be the most important factor for probability of survival. Already before HSCT, survivors showed higher IFNγ levels in sera as well as higher numbers of IFNγ-positive T-cells. After transplantation, this effect was even more pronounced. Patients with higher numbers of IFNγ- and TNFα-positive T-cells had a more favorable outcome at all analyzed time points. In addition, patients in complete remission (CR) before transplantation, known to have a better prognosis a priori, showed higher expression of IFNγ in T-cells. Taken together, this is the first report to demonstrate that high expression of IFNγ and TNFα in T-cells of medulloblastoma patients in the early post-transplant period correlates with a better prognosis. Our data point toward a potentially important influence of TH1-cytokine expression before and after transplantation on the survival of pediatric medulloblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wiegering
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Neurooncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children’s Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Neurooncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children’s Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Neurooncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children’s Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Neurooncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children’s Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G. Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Neurooncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children’s Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Beate Winkler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Neurooncology, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University Children’s Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Wölfl M, Merker K, Morbach H, Van Gool SW, Eyrich M, Greenberg PD, Schlegel PG. Primed tumor-reactive multifunctional CD62L+ human CD8+ T cells for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 60:173-86. [PMID: 20972785 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell-mediated immunotherapy against malignancies has been shown to be effective for certain types of cancer. However, ex vivo expansion of tumor-reactive T cells has been hindered by the low precursor frequency of such cells, often requiring multiple rounds of stimulation, resulting in full differentiation, loss of homing receptors and potential exhaustion of the expanded T cells. Here, we show that when using highly purified naïve CD8+ T cells, a single stimulation with peptide-pulsed, IFNγ/LPS-matured dendritic cells in combination with the sequential use of IL-21, IL-7 and IL-15 is sufficient for extensive expansion of antigen-specific T cells. Short-term expanded T cells were tumor-reactive, multifunctional and retained a central-memory-like phenotype (CD62L+, CCR7+, CD28+). The procedure is highly reproducible and robust as demonstrated for different healthy donors and for cancer patients. Such short-term tumor-antigen-primed, multifunctional T cells may therefore serve as a platform to target different malignancies accessible to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wölfl
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Coosemans A, Wölfl M, Berneman ZN, Van Tendeloo V, Vergote I, Amant F, Van Gool SW. Immunological response after therapeutic vaccination with WT1 mRNA-loaded dendritic cells in end-stage endometrial carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:3709-3714. [PMID: 20944158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1), a highly ranked immunotherapeutic target, is expressed in uterine cancer and therefore WT1 immunotherapy may present an attractive treatment option. PATIENT AND METHODS An HLA-A2.1-positive 46-year-old woman with end-stage serous endometrial cancer received 4 weekly injections of WT1-RNA-loaded dendritic cells. Response was measured clinically (CT scan), biochemically (CA125) and immunologically (WT1-specific T cells). RESULTS The patient showed WT1 positivity in 10% of tumour cells and diffusely in the intratumoural endothelial cells of the recurrent disease. After 2 injections, CA125 started to decrease and WT1-specific T-cells increased 2.5-fold. The treatment was feasible and there were no treatment-related side-effects. However, the patient, suffering from diffuse disease which became progressive again, died 8 months later. CONCLUSION This is the first patient with a WT1-positive endometrial carcinoma, to receive immunotherapy with WT1-RNA-loaded dendritic cells, resulting in a vaccine-specific T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Coosemans
- Department of Child and Women, UZ Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Schlegel PG, Wölfl M, Schick J, Winkler B, Eyrich M. Transient loss of consciousness in pediatric recipients of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells independent of morphine co-medication. Haematologica 2009; 94:1473-5. [PMID: 19608681 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
66
|
van Dorp S, Pietersma F, Wölfl M, Verdonck LF, Petersen EJ, Lokhorst HM, Martens E, Theobald M, van Baarle D, Meijer E, Kuball J. Rituximab treatment before reduced-intensity conditioning transplantation associates with a decreased incidence of extensive chronic GVHD. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:671-8. [PMID: 19450751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) is the major cause of late morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. B cells have been reported to be involved in mediating cGVHD. To assess whether preemptive host B cell depletion prevents extensive cGVHD after allogeneic reduced-intensity conditioning transplantation (RICT), 173 patients treated with RICT for various hematologic diseases, who had or had not received Rituximab (Rtx) within 6 month prior to RICT, were analyzed retrospectively. Rtx treatment within 6 months prior to RICT reduced extensive cGVHD significantly from 45.8% to 20.1%. We hypothesize that most likely host B cells initiate cGVHD, and thus, host B cell depletion prior to RICT by Rtx might be a valuable strategy to reduce extensive cGVHD after RICT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne van Dorp
- Department of Hematology and Van Creveld Clinic, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wölfl M, Kuball J, Eyrich M, Schlegel PG, Greenberg PD. Use of CD137 to study the full repertoire of CD8+ T cells without the need to know epitope specificities. Cytometry A 2008; 73:1043-9. [PMID: 18561198 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR-family with costimulatory function, triggering prosurvival signals in activated T-cells. Upregulation of CD137 upon stimulation allows identifying and isolating live, human antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells of all phenotypes, and therefore provides a comprehensive detection method. Furthermore responses against antigen mixtures can be easily detected, enabling antigen discovery in a stepwise deconvoluting approach. In this article, we will discuss various aspects of this methodology, including potential pitfalls as well as a variety of applications, as illustrated by examples from our laboratory.
Collapse
|
68
|
Wölfl M, Jungbluth AA, Garrido F, Cabrera T, Meyen-Southard S, Spitz R, Ernestus K, Berthold F. Expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, and cancer germline antigens in neuroblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:400-6. [PMID: 15449039 PMCID: PMC11034322 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor in childhood, still with poor survival rates for metastatic disease. Neuroblastoma cells are of neuroectodermal origin and express a number of cancer germline (CG) antigens. These CG antigens may represent a potential target for immunotherapy such as peptide-based vaccination strategies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3/A6, and NY-ESO-1 on an mRNA and protein level and to determine the expression of MHC class I and MHC class II antigens within the same tumor specimens. METHODS A total of 68 tumors were available for RT-PCR, and 19/68 tumors were available for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3/A6, and NY-ESO-1. In parallel, the same tumors were stained with a panel of antibodies for MHC class I and MHC class II molecules. RESULTS Screening of 68 tumor specimens by RT-PCR revealed expression of MAGE-A1 in 44%, MAGE-A3/A6 in 21%, and NY-ESO-1 in 28% of cases. Immunohistochemistry for CG antigens of selected tumors showed good agreement between protein and gene expression. However, staining revealed a heterogeneous expression of CG antigens. None of the selected tumors showed MHC class I or MHC class II expression. CONCLUSIONS mRNA expression of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3/A6, and NY-ESO-1 is congruent with the protein expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. The heterogeneous CG-antigen expression and the lack of MHC class I and II molecules may have implications for T-cell-mediated immunotherapy in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wölfl
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Schalk S, Wölfl M, Hellmich M. Evaluation of a single-platform, MHC tetramer based, six-parameter flow cytometric method for immunmonitoring. Klin Padiatr 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-828591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
70
|
Wölfl M, Schalk S, Hellmich M, Huster KM, Busch DH, Berthold F. Quantitation of MHC tetramer-positive cells from whole blood: Evaluation of a single-platform, six-parameter flow cytometric method. Cytometry A 2003; 57:120-30. [PMID: 14750134 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitation of antigen-specific T cells provides an insight into the development and dynamics of T-cell responses in tumor immunology and infectious diseases. Soluble major histocompatibility class I tetramers are widely used to monitor immune responses; however, variations due to handling and analysis are likely to confound comparisons between different experiments and laboratories. METHODS Whole blood from healthy donors was stained with HLA-A*0201/tetramers specific for an epitope of phosphoprotein 65, the immunodominant antigen in cytomegalovirus infection. With the help of Trucount tubes, a single-platform, four-color flow cytometric assay was established to obtain absolute counts of tetramer-positive cells. Various staining and gating strategies were evaluated. RESULTS The no-wash method was a quick and straightforward procedure for the quantitation of tetramer-positive events from whole blood. The level for background staining was low. This information about the intra-assay-related variation and the physiologic variation will allow validation and interpretation of data in future studies. CONCLUSIONS The method is highly reliable and can be standardized for multiple experiments. It is therefore suitable for the direct ex vivo analysis of antigen-specific T cells in a variety of clinical settings such as infectious, autoimmune, or neoplastic diseases and can be implemented as a tool for multicenter studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wölfl
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) development and function is critical in the initiation phase of any antigen-specific immune response against tumours. Impaired function of DC is one explanation as to how tumours escape immunosurveillance. In the presence of various soluble tumour-related factors DC precursors lose their ability to differentiate into mature DC and to activate T cells. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids shed by tumours of neuroectodermal origin such as melanoma and neuroblastoma. In this investigation we address the question of whether gangliosides suppress the development and function of monocyte-derived DC in vitro. In the presence of gangliosides, the monocytic DC precursors showed increased adherence, cell spreading and a reduced number of dendrites. The expression of MHC class II molecules, co-stimulatory molecules and the GM-CSF receptor (CD116) on the ganglioside-treated DC was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the function of ganglioside-treated DC was impaired as observed in endocytosis, chemotactic and T cell proliferation assays. In contrast to monocytic DC precursors, mature DC were unaffected even when higher doses of gangliosides were added to the culture. With regard to their carbohydrate structure, five different gangliosides (GM2, GM3, GD2, GD3, GT1b), which are typically shed by melanoma and neuroblastoma, were tested for their ability to suppress DC development and function. Suppression was induced by GM2, but not by the other gangliosides. These data suggest that certain gangliosides impair DC precursors, implying a possible mechanism for tumour escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wölfl
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Abstract
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) form a specialized system for presenting Ag to naive or quiescent T cells and consequently play a central role in the induction of T and B cell immunity. In this study we used DC generated from peripheral progenitors to analyze the effect of IL-10 on the accessory function of human DC. We demonstrate that immature DC, harvested on days 9 to 11 and exposed to IL-10 for the last 2 days of culture, show a strongly reduced capacity to stimulate a CD4+ T cell response in an allogeneic MLR in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, fully mature DC are completely resistant to the effects of IL-10. These results were obtained in both an alloantigen-induced MLR and an anti-CD3 mAb-induced response of primed and naive (CD45RA+) CD4+ T cells. FACS analysis revealed inhibition of the up-regulation of the costimulatory molecules CD58 and CD86 and the specific DC marker CD83 in DC pretreated with IL-10. These data suggest that IL-10 inhibited the development of fully mature DC. Furthermore, DC precultured with IL-10, but not controls, induced a state of alloantigen-specific anergy in CD4+ T cells and of peptide-specific anergy in the influenza hemagglutinin-specific T cell clone HA1.7. Analysis of the supernatants of these anergic T cells revealed a reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared with that in control cells. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-10 converts immature DC into tolerogenic APC, which might be a useful tool in the therapy of patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wölfl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | - H Jonuleit
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | - J Knop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | - A H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Steinbrink K, Wölfl M, Jonuleit H, Knop J, Enk AH. Induction of tolerance by IL-10-treated dendritic cells. J Immunol 1997; 159:4772-80. [PMID: 9366401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) form a specialized system for presenting Ag to naive or quiescent T cells and consequently play a central role in the induction of T and B cell immunity. In this study we used DC generated from peripheral progenitors to analyze the effect of IL-10 on the accessory function of human DC. We demonstrate that immature DC, harvested on days 9 to 11 and exposed to IL-10 for the last 2 days of culture, show a strongly reduced capacity to stimulate a CD4+ T cell response in an allogeneic MLR in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, fully mature DC are completely resistant to the effects of IL-10. These results were obtained in both an alloantigen-induced MLR and an anti-CD3 mAb-induced response of primed and naive (CD45RA+) CD4+ T cells. FACS analysis revealed inhibition of the up-regulation of the costimulatory molecules CD58 and CD86 and the specific DC marker CD83 in DC pretreated with IL-10. These data suggest that IL-10 inhibited the development of fully mature DC. Furthermore, DC precultured with IL-10, but not controls, induced a state of alloantigen-specific anergy in CD4+ T cells and of peptide-specific anergy in the influenza hemagglutinin-specific T cell clone HA1.7. Analysis of the supernatants of these anergic T cells revealed a reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma compared with that in control cells. Collectively, these data suggest that IL-10 converts immature DC into tolerogenic APC, which might be a useful tool in the therapy of patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|