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Gruber M, Hermann K. Elementary steps of the catalytic NO(x) reduction with NH3: cluster studies on reactant adsorption at vanadium oxide substrate. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094704. [PMID: 23485319 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended cluster models together with density-functional theory are used to evaluate geometric, energetic, and electronic properties of different adsorbate species that can occur at a vanadium oxide surface where the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO in the presence of ammonia proceeds. Here, we focus on atomic hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, as well as molecular NO and NHx, x = 1, 4, adsorption at a model V2O5(010) surface. Binding sites, oxygen and vanadium, at both the perfect and reduced surface are considered where reduction is modeled by (sub-) surface oxygen vacancies. The reactants are found to bind overall more strongly at oxygen vacancy sites of the reduced surface where they stabilize in positions formerly occupied by the oxygen (substitutional adsorption) compared with weaker binding at the perfect surface. In particular, ammonia, which interacts only weakly with vanadium at the perfect surface, binds quite strongly near surface oxygen vacancies. In contrast, surface binding of the NH4 adsorbate species differs only little between the perfect and the reduced surface which is explained by the dominantly electrostatic nature of the adsorbate interaction. The theoretical results are consistent with experimental findings and confirm the importance of surface reduction for the reactant adsorption forming elementary steps of the SCR process.
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Davesne V, Gruber M, Miyamachi T, Da Costa V, Boukari S, Scheurer F, Joly L, Ohresser P, Otero E, Choueikani F, Gaspar AB, Real JA, Wulfhekel W, Bowen M, Beaurepaire E. First glimpse of the soft x-ray induced excited spin-state trapping effect dynamics on spin cross-over molecules. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Feuerecker M, Mayer W, Kaufmann I, Gruber M, Muckenthaler F, Yi B, Salam AP, Briegel J, Schelling G, Thiel M, Choukèr A. A corticoid-sensitive cytokine release assay for monitoring stress-mediated immune modulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:290-9. [PMID: 23574325 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune system is orchestrated in a complex manner and protects the host against invading organisms and controls adequate immune responses to different antigen challenges in an endo-, auto- and paracrine-regulated fashion. The variety and intensity of immune responses are known to be dependent on stress-sensitive neural, humoral and metabolic pathways. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test was a validated and standardized measure applied in clinical studies to monitor the integral function of cellular immune responses in vivo. The DTH skin test was, however, phased out in 2002. To obtain insight into the mechanisms of stress-sensitive immune reactions, we have developed an alternative in-vitro assay which allows the evaluation of antigen-dependent cellular immune responses triggered by T lymphocytes. The change in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in supernatant of the blood-antigen mixture is of particular interest to mirror the degree and adequacy of cellular immune responses. In this study we report that the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α show a time-dependent increase upon ex-vivo bacterial, viral and fungal antigen stimulations. Furthermore, evidence is provided that this assay is sensitive to mirror stress hormone-mediated immune modulation in humans as shown either after hydrocortisone injection or after acute stress exposure during free fall in parabolic flight. This in-vitro test appears to be a suitable assay to sensitively mirror stress hormone-dependent inhibition of cellular immune responses in the human. Because of its standardization and relatively simple technical handling, it may also serve as an appropriate research tool in the field of psychoneuroendocrinology in clinical as in field studies.
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Gruber M, Hermann K. Elementary steps of the catalytic NOx reduction with NH3: Cluster studies on adsorbate diffusion and dehydrogenation at vanadium oxide substrate. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:194701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4804160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Kaufmann I, Draenert R, Gruber M, Feuerecker M, Roider J, Choukèr A. A new cytokine release assay: a simple approach to monitor the immune status of HIV-infected patients. Infection 2013; 41:687-90. [PMID: 23536310 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test a new assay based on an ex vivo cytokine release from whole blood for the monitoring of immune changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS A pilot study of outpatients with HIV infection (n = 9) at a large academic hospital who were divided into three groups: HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a CD4(+) cell count >350/μL (group I) or a CD4(+) cell count <350/μL (group II) and HIV-infected HAART-naïve subjects with a CD4(+) cell count >350/μL (group III). All groups were compared with healthy volunteers (n = 3). The ex vivo cytokine release assay was performed in a three-step process: (1) blood collection, (2) whole-blood ex vivo incubation over 48 h without or with a standard set of well-defined recall antigens as comparable to those used formerly in the skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test, (3) cytokine determination from the assay supernatant. RESULTS Under stimulated conditions, untreated HIV-infected patients with a CD4(+) count >350/μL had similar interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels in the supernatant of the whole-blood incubation to HIV-infected patients on HAART with a low CD4(+) count. Both groups revealed lower IL-2 levels in the supernatant than HIV-infected patients on HAART and with a CD4(+) count >350/μL or healthy volunteers. The determination of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in the supernatant showed a similar arrangement of cytokines between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that this cytokine release assay could be a suitable tool to mirror the immunological responsiveness of patients with HIV infection in a gradual manner; further studies are required in order to assess its value in HAART monitoring.
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Schinhan M, Gruber M, Dorotka R, Pilz M, Stelzeneder D, Chiari C, Rössler N, Windhager R, Nehrer S. Matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation in a compartmentalized early stage of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:217-25. [PMID: 23085709 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage restoration in joints with an early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) is an important clinical challenge. In this study, a compartmentalized, early-stage OA was generated surgically in sheep stifle joints, and this model was used to evaluate a matrix-associated cell transplantation approach for cartilage repair. METHOD Eighteen sheep were operated twice. During the first operation, a unicompartmental OA in a stable joint was induced by creating a critical-size defect. The second operation served as a regeneration procedure. The eighteen sheep were divided into three groups. One group was treated with spongialization (SPONGIO), while the two others had spongialization followed by implantation of a hyaluronan matrix with (MACT) or without chondrocytes (MATRIX). The follow-up took place 4 months after the second operation. Gross Assessment of Joint Changes score and Brittberg score were used for the macroscopic evaluation, Mankin score, O'Driscoll score, and immunohistochemistry for collagen type I and type II for histological evaluation. RESULTS The MACT group achieved significantly better results in both macroscopic and histological examinations. In the regeneration area, a Mankin score of 7.88 (6.20; 9.55) [mean (upper 95% confidence interval; lower 95% confidence interval)] was reached in the MACT group, 10.38 (8.03; 12.72) in the MATRIX group, and 10.33 (8.80; 11.87) in the SPONGIO group. The O'Driscoll score revealed a highly significant difference in the degree of defect repair: 15.92 (14.58; 17.25) for the MACT group compared to the two other groups [5.04 (1.21; 8.87) MATRIX and 6.58 (5.17; 8.00) SPONGIO; P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates promising results toward the development of a biological regeneration technique for early-stage OA.
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Gruber M, Willenberg H, Bornstein S. Neue Entwicklungen bei Hypophysenerkrankungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Choi YJ, Gabikian P, Zhu F, Appelbaum DE, Wollmann RL, Lukas RV, Xu LW, Thomas RP, Lober RM, Nagpal S, Li G, Megyesi JF, Macdonald D, Chaudhary N, Berghoff AS, Spanberger T, Magerle M, Dinhof C, Woehrer A, Hackl M, Birner P, Widhalm G, Marosi C, Prayer D, Preusser M, Kamson DO, Juhasz C, Buth A, Kupsky WJ, Muzik O, Robinette NL, Barger GR, Mittal S, Kinoshita M, Hirayama R, Chiba Y, Kagawa N, Nonaka M, Kanemura Y, Kishima H, Nakajima S, Hatazawa J, Hashimoto N, Yoshimine T, Kim EH, Kim SH, Nowosielski M, Hutterer M, Putzer D, Iglseder S, Seiz M, Jacobs AH, Gobel G, Stockhammer G, Hutterer M, Nowosielski M, Putzer D, Iglseder S, Seiz M, Jacobs AH, Gobel G, Stockhammer G, Juhasz C, Buth A, Kamson DO, Kupsky WJ, Barger GR, Mittal S, Zach L, Guez D, Last D, Daniels D, Grober Y, Nissim O, Hoffman C, Nass D, Spiegelmann R, Cohen ZR, Mardor Y, Mittal S, Buth A, Kupsky WJ, Kamson DO, Barger GR, Juhasz C, Perreault S, Lober RM, Zhang GH, Hershon L, Decarie JC, Yeom K, Vogel H, Partap S, Carret AS, Fisher PG, Colen RR, Changlai T, Sathyan P, Gutman D, Zinn P, Colen RR, Kovacs A, Zinn P, Jolesz F, Colen RR, Zinn P, Asthagiri A, Vasquez R, Butman J, Wu T, Morgan K, Brewer C, King K, Zalewski C, Jeffrey Kim H, Lonser R, Akbari H, Da X, Macyszyn L, Verma R, Wolf RL, Bilello M, Melhem ER, O'Rourke DM, Davatzikos C, Liu X, Madhankumar AB, Miller PA, Duck KA, Hafenstein S, Rizk E, Sheehan JM, Connor JR, Yang QX, Fouke SJ, Weinberger K, Kelsey M, Cholleti S, Politte D, Marcus D, Boyd A, Keogh B, Benzinger T, Milchenko M, Kim L, Prior F, Kim LM, Commean P, Boyd A, Milchenko M, Politte D, Chicoine M, Rich K, Benzinger T, Marcus D, Jost S, Fatterpekar G, Raz E, Knopp E, Gruber M, Parker E, Golfinos J, Zagzag D, Parker E, Fatterpekar G, Raz E, Narayana A, Johnson G, Placantonakis D, Zagzag D, Wen Q, Essock-Burns E, Li Y, Chang S, Nelson SJ, Li Y, Larson P, Chen A, Lupo JM, Kelley D, Chang S, Nelson SJ, Li Y, Lupo JM, Parvataneni R, Lamborn K, Cha S, Chang S, Nelson SJ, Jalbert LE, Elkhaled A, Phillips JJ, Williams C, Cha S, Berger MS, Chang SM, Nelson SJ, Damek DM, Ney DE, Borges MT, Colantoni W, Bert R, Huang R, Chen C, Mukundan S, Wen P, Norden A, Andre JB, Schmiedeskamp H, Thomas RP, Feroze A, Nagpal S, Zaharchuk G, Straka M, Recht L, Bammer R, Rockhill J, Mrugala M, Fink J, Rostomily R, Link J, Muzi M, Eary J, Krohn K, Perreault S, Lober RM, Partap S, Carret AS, Fisher FG, Ellingson BM, Pope WB, Boxerman JL, Harris RJ, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Jeyapalan S, Safran H, Kruse CA, Liau LM, Cloughesy TF, Harris RJ, Cloughesy TF, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Pope WB, Ellingson BM, Elkhaled A, Phillips J, Chang SM, Cha S, Nelson SJ. CLIN-RADIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:vi120-vi128. [PMCID: PMC3488790 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
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Gruber M, Bauer JS, Dobritz M, Beer AJ, Wolf P, Woertler K, Rummeny EJ, Baum T. Bone mineral density measurements of the proximal femur from routine contrast-enhanced MDCT data sets correlate with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eur Radiol 2012; 23:505-12. [PMID: 22932742 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the utility of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in routine contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography (ceMDCT) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference standard. METHODS Forty-one patients (33 women, 8 men) underwent DXA measurement of the proximal femur. Subsequently, transverse sections of routine ceMDCT of these patients were used to measure BMD of the femoral head and femoral neck. The MDCT-to-DXA conversion equations for BMD and T-score were calculated using linear regression analysis. The conversion equations were applied to the MDCT data sets of 382 patients (120 women, 262 men) of whom 74 had osteoporotic fractures. RESULTS A correlation coefficient of r = 0.84 (P < 0.05) was calculated for BMD(MDCT) values of the femoral head and DXA T-scores of the total proximal femur using the conversion equation T-score = 0.021 × BMD(MDCT) - 5.90. The correlation coefficient for the femoral neck was r = 0.79 (P < 0.05) with the conversion equation T-score = 0.016 × BMD(MDCT) - 4.28. Accordingly, converted T-scores for the femoral neck in patients with versus those without osteoporotic fractures were significantly different (female, -1.83 versus -1.47; male, -1.86 versus -1.47; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION BMD measurements of the proximal femur were computed in routine contrast-enhanced MDCT and converted to DXA T-scores, which adequately differentiated patients with and without osteoporotic fractures.
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Willenberg H, Gruber M, Eisenhofer G, Bornstein S. Endokrine Hypertonie - Neuigkeiten und jüngste Entwicklungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012; 137:627-30. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gruber M, Homolka P, Chmeissani M, Uffmann M, Pretterklieber M, Kainberger F. Musculoskeletal imaging with a prototype photon-counting detector. Eur Radiol 2012; 22:205-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chambless LB, Parker SL, Hassam-Malani L, McGirt MJ, Thompson RC, Zhou T, Meng X, Xu B, Wei S, Chen X, De Witt Hamer PC, Robles SG, Zwinderman AH, Duffau H, Berger MS, Gonzalez JDSR, Alberto OV, Patricia HM, Chaichana K, Pendleton C, Chambless L, Nathan J, Camara-Quintana J, Li G, Harsh G, Thompson R, Lim M, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Oppenlander ME, Wolf A, Porter R, Nakaji P, Smith KA, Spetzler RF, Sanai N, Kim JH, Clark AJ, Jahangiri A, Sughrue ME, McDermott MW, Aghi MK, Chen C, Kasper E, Warnke P, Park CK, Lee SH, Song SW, Kim JW, Kim TM, Yamaguchi F, Omura T, Ten H, Ishii Y, Kojima T, Takahashi H, Teramoto A, Pereira EA, Livermore J, Ansorge O, Bojanic S, Meng X, Xu B, Chen X, Wei S, Zhou T, Tong H, Yu X, Zhou D, Hou Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Fabiano AJ, Rigual N, Munich S, Fenstermaker RA, Chen X, Meng X, Zhang J, Wang F, Zhao Y, Xu BN, Kim EH, Oh MC, Lee EJ, Kim SH, Kim YH, Kim CY, Kim YH, Han JH, Park CK, Kim SK, Paek SH, Wang KC, Kim DG, Jung HW, Chen X, Meng X, Wang F, Zhao Y, Xu BN, Krex D, Lindner C, Juratli T, Raue C, Schackert G, Valdes PA, Kim A, Leblond F, Conde OM, Harris BT, Paulsen KD, Wilson BC, Roberts DW, Krex D, Juratli T, Lindner C, Raue C, Schackert G, Occhiogrosso G, Cascardi P, Blagia M, De Tommasi A, Gelinas-Phaneuf N, Choudhury N, Al-Habib A, Cabral A, Nadeau E, Vincent M, Pazos V, Debergue P, DiRaddo R, Del Maestro RF, Guha-Thakurta N, Prabhu SS, Schulder M, Zavarella S, Nardi D, Schaffer S, Ruge MI, Grau S, Fuetsch M, Kickingereder P, Hamisch C, Treuer H, Voges J, Sturm V, Choy W, Yew A, Spasic M, Nagasawa D, Kim W, Yang I, Quigley MR, Hobbs J, Bhatia S, Cohen ZR, Shimon I, Hadani M, Carapella CM, Oppido PA, Vidiri A, Telera S, Pompili A, Villani V, Fabi A, Pace A, Cahill D, Wang M, Won M, Aldape K, Maywald R, Hegi M, Mehta M, Gilbert M, Sulman E, Vogelbaum M, Narayana A, Kunnakkat SD, Parker E, Gruber D, Gruber M, Knopp E, Zagzag D, Golfinos J, Dziurzynski K, Blas-Boria D, Suki D, Cahill D, Prabhu S, Puduvalli V, Levine N, Bloch O, Han SJ, Kaur G, Aghi MK, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Parsa AT, Quigley MR, Fukui O, Chew B, Bhatia S, DePowell JJ, Sanders-Taylor C, Guarnaschelli J, McPherson C, Sheth SA, Snuderl M, Kwon CS, Wirth D, Yaroslavsky A, Curry WT, Vogelbaum MA, Wang M, Hadjipanayis CG, Won M, Mehta MP, Gilbert MR, Megyesi JF, Macdonald D, Wang B, Pierre GHS, Hoover JM, Goerss SJ, Kaufmann TJ, Meyer FB, Parney IF, Guthikonda B, Thakur J, Khan I, Ahmed O, Shorter C, Wilson J, Welsh J, Cuellar H, Jeroudi M. SURGICAL THERAPIES. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:iii154-iii163. [PMCID: PMC3222965 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
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Gruber M, Eisenhofer G, Fassnacht M, Bornstein S. Neue Entwicklungen bei Nebennierenerkrankungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136:1998-2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vurpillot F, Gruber M, Da Costa G, Martin I, Renaud L, Bostel A. Pragmatic reconstruction methods in atom probe tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:1286-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kainberger F, Friedrich E, Gruber M. Peripheres Skelett: Frakturmuster, Differentialdiagnosen, Kausalitäten. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ritzmann R, Kramer A, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. The influence of vibration parameters and body position on the muscular activity during whole body vibration. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Auroy Y, Andreu G, Aullen JP, Benhamou D, Caldani C, Canivet N, de Lardemelle C, du Roure FD, François A, Gruber M, Sandid I, Linget C, Loulière B, Perrin M, Rebibo D, Richomme X, Tinard X. [Patient safety and root cause analysis]. Transfus Clin Biol 2010; 17:386-9. [PMID: 21050788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2010.09.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Safety in the field of transfusion medicine has greatly improved in France. The risk of viral transmission has decreased by a factor greater than 1500 within the last 20 years. In comparison, the risk related to ABO error has decreased only by half. The reporting of critical incidents, which occur at any step of the transfusion procedure is now mandatory in France and is subject to an in-depth analysis, using methods close to that used in aviation safety. The goal of these analyses is to better understand human factors in order to implement more adequate prevention measures.
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Westenbrink HGK, van Dorp DA, Gruber M. The determination of aneurin and aneurinphosphates in yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19410600304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schebesta K, Lorenz V, Schebesta EM, Hörauf K, Gruber M, Kimberger O, Chiari A, Frass M, Krafft P. Exposure to anaesthetic trace gases during general anaesthesia: CobraPLA vs. LMA classic. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54:848-54. [PMID: 20055764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prospectively investigate the performance, sealing capacity and operating room (OR) staff exposure to waste anaesthetic gases during the use of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA) compared with the laryngeal mask airway classic (LMA). METHODS Sixty patients were randomly assigned to the CobraPLA or the LMA group. Insertion time, number of insertion attempts and airway leak pressures were assessed after induction of anaesthesia. Occupational exposure to nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and Sevoflurane (SEV) was measured at the anaesthetists' breathing zone and the patients' mouth using a photoacoustic infrared spectrometer. RESULTS N(2)O waste gas concentrations differed significantly in the anaesthetist's breathing zone (11.7+/-7.2 p.p.m. in CobraPLA vs. 4.1+/-4.3 p.p.m. in LMA, P=0.03), whereas no difference could be shown in SEV concentrations. Correct CobraPLA positioning was possible in 28 out of 30 patients (more than one attempt necessary in five patients). Correct positioning of the LMA classic was possible in all 30 patients (more than one attempt in three patients). Peak airway pressure was higher in the CobraPLA group (16+/-3 vs. 14+/-2 cmH(2)O, P=0.01). The average leak pressure of the CobraPLA was 24+/-4 cmH(2)O, compared with 20+/-4 cmH(2)O of the LMA classic (P<0.001; all values means+/-SD). CONCLUSION Despite higher airway seal pressures, the CobraPLA caused higher intraoperative N(2)O trace concentrations in the anaesthetists' breathing zone.
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Gage E, Pailler M, Gruber M, Kelly M, Yasko J, Zevon M, Somayaji D, Panagakis C, Ch'ng J. A comparison of oncology clinicians' preferences for structuring survivorship care. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e19545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ucciani E, Mallet G, Gamisans J, Gruber M. Composición en ácidos grasos de los aceites de semillas de especies mediterráneas. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2010. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1994.v45.i3.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Frank K, Gruber M, Sippl MJ. COPS Benchmark: interactive analysis of database search methods. Bioinformatics 2010; 26:574-5. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Trabold B, Gruber M, Fröhlich D. Functional and phenotypic changes in polymorphonuclear neutrophils induced by catecholamines. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2009; 41:59-64. [PMID: 17365979 DOI: 10.1080/14017430601085948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate differential functional and phenotypic changes in response to relevant catecholamines, the generation of oxidative free radicals by PMN, and changes in the expression of L-selectin and Mac-1 on the surface of PMN were examined in the presence of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in physiological and pharmacological concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were obtained from healthy donors and pretreated with 0.5 nM or 500 nM epinephrine; 1.18 nM or 1 180 nM norepinephrine; or 0.26 nM or 261 nM dopamine, followed by stimulation with FMLP. Stimulated neutrophils were incubated with antibodies against CD 11 b or CD 62 l and assessed by flow cytometry. Additional probes were assessed by flow cytometry for the generation of oxidative free radicals. RESULTS All catecholamines in high concentration inhibited the suppression of CD 62 l expression and CD 11 b upregulation following stimulation with FMLP. A high concentration of epinephrine suppresses generation of oxidative free radicals. CONCLUSIONS The effect of catecholamines on the expression of CD 62 l explains the increased expression of L-selection on PMN observed after trauma. The suppression of CD 11 b reduces leukocyte adherence and consecutive abnormalities in microvascular flow. Epinephrine inhibits the generation of oxidative free radicals by PMN with potentially detrimental effects with respect to bacterial clearance.
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Porpaczy E, Bilban M, Heinze G, Gruber M, Vanura K, Schwarzinger I, Stilgenbauer S, Streubel B, Fonatsch C, Jaeger U. Gene expression signature of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with Trisomy 12. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:568-75. [PMID: 19453646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients is largely determined by the karyotype of the malignant clone. We have investigated the gene expression profile associated with trisomy 12 (+12). DESIGN Initially, unselected peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four patients with +12 were compared with 16 CLL controls using microarray analysis. RESULTS were validated by quantitative real-time PCR with RNA from 61 patients (29 with +12, 32 CLL controls). Results Seven genes showing the strongest correlation with +12 in microarray analysis were selected for real-time PCR: HIP1R, MYF6, SLC2A6, CD9 (overexpressed); CD200, P2RY14, RASGRP3 (underexpressed). Four genes were significantly associated with +12: HIP1R (P<0.0001), MYF6 (P=0.007), P2RY14 (P=0.014), CD200 (P=0.028). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis revealed that HIP1R expression was a highly sensitive and specific marker for +12 in CLL patients. MYF6 was exclusively expressed in normal or malignant B cells in peripheral blood but was poorly predictive for +12. As expected, a number of overexpressed genes are located on chromosome 12 (HIP1R, MYF6). Interestingly, both significantly underexpressed genes (P2RY14, CD200) reside on the long arm of chromosome 3 pointing to trans-repression in this region. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the molecular signature of trisomy 12 in CLL resulted in: (i) identification of a surrogate marker for PCR (HIP1R); (ii) observation of a gene dosage effect; and (iii) detection of specific underexpression of genes located on chromosome 3. These results should help to improve diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients with CLL and trisomy 12.
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Granacher U, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. Resistance Training and Neuromuscular Performance in Seniors. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30:652-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1224178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rahe-Meyer N, Solomon C, Vial S, Gruber M, Weilbach C, Piepenbrock S, Winterhalter M. Comparison of breathing tube connectors during invasive bronchial procedures. Anaesthesia 2009; 64:666-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.05894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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78
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Gruber M. Fortschritte der Gesundheitslehre in den letzten 50 Jahren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1134084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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79
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Gruber M, Oberdorfer C, Stender P, Schmitz G. Laser-assisted atom probe analysis of sol–gel silica layers. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:654-9. [PMID: 19179011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gruber M, Linnamo V, Strojnik V, Rantalainen T, Avela J. Excitability at the motoneuron pool and motor cortex is specifically modulated in lengthening compared to isometric contractions. J Neurophysiol 2009; 101:2030-40. [PMID: 19193768 DOI: 10.1152/jn.91104.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural control of muscle contraction seems to be unique during muscle lengthening. The present study aimed to determine the specific sites of modulatory control for lengthening compared with isometric contractions. We used stimulation of the motor cortex and corticospinal tract to observe changes at the spinal and cortical levels. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cervicomedullary MEPs (CMEPs) were evoked in biceps brachii and brachioradialis during maximal and submaximal lengthening and isometric contractions at the same elbow angle. Sizes of CMEPs and MEPs were lower in lengthening contractions for both muscles (by approximately 28 and approximately 16%, respectively; P < 0.01), but MEP-to-CMEP ratios increased (by approximately 21%; P < 0.05). These results indicate reduced excitability at the spinal level but enhanced motor cortical excitability for lengthening compared with isometric muscle contractions.
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Vavken P, Gruber M, Dorotka R. [Outcomes after minimally invasive total knee replacement--a meta-analysis]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2008; 146:768-72. [PMID: 19085727 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1039012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM A systematic review of randomised controlled trials reporting on the comparison of minimally invasive total knee replacement and standard incision technique was carried out. METHOD Online searches were performed in Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Data concerning the endpoints postoperative pain, function, complications, and implant position were extracted in duplicate and pooled using fixed and random effects models. RESULTS Weighted mean differences for postoperative pain showed 1.4 (95 % CI 1.8 to 1.0, p = 0.014) point better results for MIS. For function, standardised mean differences were calculated and showed better results for MIS, too (0.6 points, 95 % CI 0.03 to 1.12, p = 0.038). There were no significant differences in complication rates (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 0.6 to 2.9, p = 0.477) and implant position. Meta-regression showed no influence of navigation on any of the endpoints. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive total knee replacement showed better postoperative pain and function without any differences in complication rates or implant position.
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Kartagener M, Gruber M. Bronchiektasien und Dilatationen anderer glandulärer und kavitärer Organe. Pathobiology 2008. [DOI: 10.1159/000159677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wiesner G, Schiewe-Langgartner F, Lindner R, Gruber M. Increased formation of sister chromatid exchanges, but not of micronuclei, in anaesthetists exposed to low levels of sevoflurane. Anaesthesia 2008; 63:861-4. [PMID: 18540930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed, for the first time, genotoxicity (i.e. sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei) in anaesthetists exposed to a single volatile anaesthetic (sevoflurane) without nitrous oxide. The anaesthetists were exposed to an 8-h time-weighted average of 0.2 parts per million sevoflurane. Internists served as non-exposed controls. Mean (SD) sister chromatid exchanges per cell were significantly higher in anaesthetists compared to internists (6.6 (0.9) vs 5.1 (0.8); p < 0.001) whereas median (IQR [range]) micronuclei per 1000 binucleated cells did not differ (9.5 (6.3-10.8 [2.0-15.5]) vs 8.5 (6.0-10.5 [3.0-25.5]), respectively). Although the anaesthetists were exposed to rather low concentrations of sevoflurane, this 30% increase of sister chromatid exchanges is in agreement with a recently reported 300% increase with a high level exposure to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. Omitting nitrous oxide does not normalise increased rates of sister chromatid exchanges.
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Taube W, Gruber M, Gollhofer A. Spinal and supraspinal adaptations associated with balance training and their functional relevance. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 193:101-16. [PMID: 18346210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, balance training has been used to rehabilitate ankle injuries and postural deficits. Prospective studies have shown preventive effects with respect to ankle and knee joint injuries. Presently, balance training is not only applied for rehabilitation and prevention but also for improving motor performance, especially muscle power. The recent application of noninvasive electrophysiological and brain imaging techniques revealed insights into the central control of posture and the adaptations induced by balance training. This information is important for our understanding of the basic control and adaptation mechanisms and to conceptualize appropriate training programmes for athletes, elderly people and patients. The present review presents neurophysiological adaptations induced by balance training and their influence on motor behaviour. It emphasizes the plasticity of the sensorimotor system, particularly the spinal and supraspinal structures. The relevance of balance training is highlighted with respect to athletic performance, postural control within elderly people as well as injury prevention and rehabilitation.
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Vavken P, Gruber M, Dorotka R. [Tissue engineering in orthopaedic surgery--clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of autologous chondrocyte transplantation]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2008; 146:26-30. [PMID: 18324578 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering applications are spreading in orthopaedic surgery. The best known example is autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT). The objective of this work is to compare ACT with alternative treatment options concerning long-term effects and cost-effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on clinical effectiveness, long-term effects, and cost-effectiveness are systematically reviewed. Due to the high clinical and statistical heterogeneity between studies a descriptive analysis has been done. RESULTS 6 randomised controlled studies have assessed the effectiveness of ACT compared with microfrature or mosaic plasty. 4 studies report on no or only insignificant differences - one recently presented 5-year results - whereas 2 studies observed better results with ACT. Long-term results are good throughout, but the high quality of the regenerative tissue is a clear advantage of ACT. Cost-effectiveness models support ACT for the longevity of its results and thus relatively lower costs in the long-term. CONCLUSION ACT is an expensive and complex procedure. In direct comparison with alternative treatments ACT produces results at least as good in the short-term, and most likely better in the long-term due to the high quality repair tissue. Thus higher initial costs are compensated for with time.
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Leukel C, Taube W, Gruber M, Hodapp M, Gollhofer A. Influence of falling height on the excitability of the soleus H-reflex during drop-jumps. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 192:569-76. [PMID: 17970828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is characterized by stretching of the target muscle (eccentric phase) prior to a subsequent shortening in the concentric phase. Stretch reflexes in the eccentric phase were argued to influence the performance of short lasting SSCs. In drop-jumps, the short latency component of the stretch reflex (SLR) was shown to increase with falling height. However, in jumps from excessive heights, the SLR was diminished. So far, it is unclear whether the modulation of the SLR relies on spinal mechanisms or on an altered fusimotor drive. The present study aimed to assess the spinal excitability of the soleus Ia afferent pathway at SLR during jumps from low height (LH - 31 cm) and excessive height (EH - 76 cm). METHODS In 20 healthy subjects (age 25 +/- 3 years), H-reflexes were timed to occur at the peak of the SLR during drop-jumps from LH and EH. RESULTS H-reflexes were significantly smaller at EH than at LH (P < 0.05). Neither soleus and tibialis anterior background EMG nor the size of the maximum M-wave changed with falling height. CONCLUSION Differences in the H-reflex between EH and LH indicate that spinal mechanisms are involved in the modulation of the SLR. A decreased excitability of the H-reflex pathway at EH compared with LH is argued to serve as a 'prevention strategy' to protect the tendomuscular system from potential injuries caused by the high load. It is argued that pre-synaptic inhibition of Ia afferents is most likely responsible for the change in H-reflex excitability between the two jump conditions.
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Schubert M, Beck S, Taube W, Amtage F, Faist M, Gruber M. Balance training and ballistic strength training are associated with task-specific corticospinal adaptations. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:2007-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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88
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Lehle K, Kirchner GI, Rupprecht L, Gruber M, Birnbaum DE, Schmid FX, Preuner JG. A prospective cross-over study comparing the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A and its metabolites after oral versus short-time intravenous cyclosporine A administration in pre-heart transplant patients. Transplant Proc 2008; 39:3323-8. [PMID: 18089380 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sometimes intravenous administration of cyclosporine (CsA) is essential before oral administration is possible. There are only a few reports available on the interindividual variability of CsA metabolism and different metabolite pattern depending on intravenous versus oral administration of CsA in heart transplant (HTx) patients. For effective inhibition of calcineurin we used a short infusion reaching peak concentrations after 2 hours. In a prospective cross-over study we compared the pharmacokinetics of CsA and its metabolites after oral (2.0 mg/kg body weight) versus intravenous (0.7 mg/kg body weight; 2-hour infusion) CsA administration (single test dose) in 7 pre-HTx patients. The pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA and its metabolites were analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameter area under the concentration time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) of CsA after intravenous administration was significantly lower (2903 ng*h*mL(-1)) than that after oral administration (4344 ng*h*mL(-1); P=.01). Peak concentrations, time to peak concentration, and terminal elimination half life were not significantly different. Short-time infusion of CsA resulted in a significant decrease in the AUC of the metabolites AM1 (3-fold), AM9 (10-fold), and AM1c (3-fold). A 2-hour infusion of CsA is just as effective as oral administration and the reduced amount of metabolites is advantageous for the patient.
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Gruber M, Hajdu S, Nemec S, Hojreh A, Czerny C, Krestan C. Vergleich unterschiedlicher Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen von Multi-Detektor-CT-Untersuchungen bei Extremitätenfrakturen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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90
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Beck S, Taube W, Gruber M, Amtage F, Gollhofer A, Schubert M. Task-specific changes in motor evoked potentials of lower limb muscles after different training interventions. Brain Res 2007; 1179:51-60. [PMID: 17889840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify sites and mechanisms of long-term plasticity following lower limb muscle training. Two groups performing either a postural stability maintenance training (SMT) or a ballistic ankle strength training (BST) were compared to a non-training group. The hypothesis was that practicing of a self-initiated voluntary movement would facilitate cortico-spinal projections, while practicing fast automatic adjustments during stabilization of stance would reduce excitatory influence from the primary motor cortex. Training effects were expected to be confined to the practiced task. To test for training specificity, motor evoked potentials (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded at rest and during motor tasks that were similar to each training. Intracortical, cortico-spinal, as well as spinal parameters were assessed at rest and during these tasks. The results show high task and training specificity. Training effects were only observable during performance of the trained task. While MEP size was decreased in the SMT group for the trained tasks, MEP recruitment was increased in the BST group in the trained task only. The control group did not show any changes. Background electromyogram levels, M. soleus H-reflex amplitudes and intracortical parameters were unaltered. In summary, it is suggested that the changes of MEP parameters in both training groups, but not in the control group, reflect cortical motor plasticity. While cortico-spinal activation was enhanced in the BST group, SMT may be associated with improved motor control through increased inhibitory trans-cortical effects. Since spinal excitability remained unaltered, changes most likely occur on the supraspinal level.
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Narayana A, Golfinos J, Knopp E, Allen J, Zagzag D, Gruber M. Feasibility of Using Bevacizumab With Radiation Therapy in High Grade Gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Witsch-Baumgartner M, Schwentner I, Gruber M, Benlian P, Bertranpetit J, Bieth E, Chevy F, Clusellas N, Estivill X, Gasparini G, Giros M, Kelley RI, Krajewska-Walasek M, Menzel J, Miettinen T, Ogorelkova M, Rossi M, Scala I, Schinzel A, Schmidt K, Schönitzer D, Seemanova E, Sperling K, Syrrou M, Talmud PJ, Wollnik B, Krawczak M, Labuda D, Utermann G. Age and origin of major Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) mutations in European populations. J Med Genet 2007; 45:200-9. [PMID: 17965227 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.053520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) (MIM 270 400) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome caused by mutations in the Delta7-sterol reductase (DHCR7, E.C.1.3.1.21) gene. The prevalence of SLOS has been estimated to range between 1:15000 and 1:60000 in populations of European origin. METHODS AND RESULTS We have analysed the frequency, origin, and age of DHCR7 mutations in European populations. In 263 SLOS patients 10 common alleles (c.964-1G>C, p.Trp151X, p.Thr93Met, p.Val326Leu, p.Arg352Trp, p.Arg404Cys, p.Phe302Leu, p.Leu157Pro, p.Gly410Ser, p.Arg445Gln) were found to constitute approximately 80% of disease-causing mutations. As reported before, the mutational spectra differed significantly between populations, and frequency peaks of common mutations were observed in North-West (c.964-1G>C), North-East (p.Trp151X, p.Val326Leu) and Southern Europe (p.Thr93Met). SLOS was virtually absent from Finland. The analysis of nearly 8000 alleles from 10 different European populations confirmed a geographical distribution of DHCR7 mutations as reported in previous studies. The common Null mutations in Northern Europe (combined ca. 1:70) occurred at a much higher frequency than expected from the reported prevalence of SLOS. In contrast the most common mutation in Mediterranean SLOS patients (p.Thr93Met) had a low population frequency. Haplotypes were constructed for SLOS chromosomes, and for wild-type chromosomes of African and European origins using eight cSNPs in the DHCR7 gene. The DHCR7 orthologue was sequenced in eight chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and three microsatellites were analysed in 50 of the SLOS families in order to estimate the age of the three major SLOS-causing mutations. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a time of first appearance of c.964-1G>C and p.Trp151X some 3000 years ago in North-West and North-East Europe, respectively. The p.Thr93Met mutations on the J haplotype has probably first arisen approximately 6000 years ago in the Eastern Mediterranean. Together, it appears that a combination of founder effects, recurrent mutations, and drift have shaped the present frequency distribution of DHCR7 mutations in Europe.
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Prasser C, Zelenka M, Gruber M, Philipp A, Keyser A, Wiesenack C. Elimination of sevoflurane is reduced in plasma-tight compared to conventional membrane oxygenators. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007; 25:152-7. [PMID: 17655810 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021507001330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It has been demonstrated that volatile anaesthetics have cardioprotective properties during open-heart procedures, especially when administered continuously. European Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices bans the supplementary incorporation of anaesthetic vaporizers in the bypass circuit. Since the uptake of volatile anaesthetics via diffusion membrane oxygenators is severely reduced, it is hypothesized that clinically relevant concentrations of sevoflurane will remain in the patients' blood following saturation with a volatile agent before start of cardiopulmonary bypass. This study was designed to compare conventional and diffusion membrane oxygenators regarding their in vivo elimination of sevoflurane. METHODS Twenty patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery were randomly allocated to two groups, either using a conventional polypropylene membrane oxygenator or a plasma-tight poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) membrane oxygenator in a miniaturized extracorporeal circuit. Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, which was stopped at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass. During cardiopulmonary bypass, sevoflurane concentration was measured in blood and in the exhausted gas from the oxygenator. RESULTS The elimination of sevoflurane, expressed as the relative blood concentration, was significantly increased in polypropylene membrane oxygenators compared to poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) membrane oxygenators. This resulted in an approximately threefold higher sevoflurane blood concentration in the poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) group over the course of cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS With the incorporation of a poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) oxygenator in a miniaturized bypass circuit, relevant concentrations of a previously applied volatile agent can be maintained even without further supply throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. This might be an alternative approach to cardioprotection when sevoflurane cannot be administered through cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Narayana A, Chheang S, Knopp E, Peccerelli N, Babb J, Johnson G, Gruber M, Allen J, Zagzag D, Law M. Comparing cerebral blood volume and vascular permeability measurements with tumor volume measurements following anti-angiogenesis therapy in recurrent gliomas. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2030 Background: Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (DSC MRI) is emerging as an important adjunctive biomarker to assess the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapies in the treatment of brain tumors. The purpose of our study is to compare changes in relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and in perfusion-permeability index (KTrans) with those of tumor volume measurements (T1c, T2/Flair) in predicting tumor therapeutic response in recurrent high-grade gliomas treated with bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. Methods: 11 patients were treated with one to four cycles of bevacizumab and CPT-11. Their histological diagnoses were: glioblastoma multiforme (n=7), anaplastic astrocytoma (n=2), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n=1), and diffuse pontine glioma (n=1). All patients had baseline DSC MRI scans prior to the administration of bevacizumab and were followed clinically and radiographically with both conventional and DSC MRI. Mixed model regression was used to compare the pre-treatment and post-treatment levels of each response measure. Results: There were statistically significant reductions in both actual rCBV measurements and T1c enhancement following treatment with bevacizumab and CPT-11. The pretreatment rCBV and T1c rates of change (as determined per 100 days) correlated significantly with time (p values are 0.0229 and 0.0014, respectively), while only the post treatment rCBV demonstrated significant rate of change (p value = 0.0001), suggesting that rCBV may reflect the effects of bevacizumab better than tumor volume. However, when the changes in rate from pre- to post-treatment status were considered, both rCBV and T1c demonstrated significance (p= 0.0001, 0.0157, respectively). There was a trend towards females having higher mean levels of KTrans than males at the same time point relative to treatment onset, but the result was not statistically significant (p=0.072). Conclusions: rCBV as measured from DSC MRI can be used as a surrogate biomarker to determine therapeutic response to bevacizumab. This may influence the neurosurgical risk/benefit equation as well as alter the aggressiveness of the post-operative adjuvant therapy in patients with recurrent gliomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Rugolotto S, Gruber M, Solano PD, Chini L, Gobbo S, Pecori S. Necrotizing enterocolitis in a 850 gram infant receiving sorbitol-free sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate): clinical and histopathologic findings. J Perinatol 2007; 27:247-9. [PMID: 17377608 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a 27-week, 850 g infant with severe Streptococcus group B sepsis and life-threatening hyperkalemia due to progressive anuria. On the fourth day of life, after he failed treatment with diuretics, salbutamol, insulin, calcium gluconate and sodium bicarbonate, he was treated with sorbitol-free Kayexalate enemas. Potassium level slowly decreased from 9.2 mmol/l to normal level along with a recovery of normal urine output. On the 11th day of life, clinical and radiological signs of a perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurred and the patient required surgical intestinal resection. Histologic examination of the ileum specimen revealed areas of necrosis with fibrosis and giant cell reaction to a nonpolarizable material consistent with sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Usually, Kayexalate is suspended in hyperosmolar sorbitol solutions and the elevated osmolarity seems to be responsible for hemorrhagic colitis, transmural necrosis and definitely NEC. Our case report shows that Kayexalate per se, and not necessarily suspended in sorbitol, can lead to gastrointestinal tract complications and NEC in preterm infants.
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Taube W, Gruber M, Beck S, Faist M, Gollhofer A, Schubert M. Cortical and spinal adaptations induced by balance training: correlation between stance stability and corticospinal activation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 189:347-58. [PMID: 17263693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the sites of adaptation responsible for improved stance stability after balance (=sensorimotor) training, changes in corticospinal and spinal excitability were investigated in 23 healthy subjects. METHODS Neural adaptations were assessed by means of H-reflex stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and conditioning of the H-reflex by TMS (Hcond) before and after 4 weeks of balance training. All measurements were performed during stance perturbation on a treadmill. Fast posterior translations induced short- (SLR), medium- and long-latency responses (LLR) in the soleus muscle. Motor-evoked potential- (MEP) and Hcond-amplitudes as well as Hmax/Mmax ratios were determined at SLR and LLR. Postural stability was measured during perturbation on the treadmill. RESULTS Balance training improved postural stability. Hmax/Mmax ratios were significantly decreased at LLR. MEPs and Hcond revealed significantly reduced facilitation at LLR following training. A negative correlation between adaptations of Hcond and changes in stance stability was observed (r = -0.87; P < 0.01) while no correlation was found between stance stability and changes in Hmax/Mmax ratio. No changes in any parameter occurred at the spinally organized SLR and in the control group. CONCLUSION The decrease in MEP- and Hcond-facilitation implies reduced corticospinal and cortical excitability at the transcortically mediated LLR. Changes in cortical excitability were directly related to improvements in stance stability as shown by correlation of these parameters. The absence of such a correlation between Hmax/Mmax ratios and stance stability suggests that mainly supraspinal adaptations contributed to improved balance performance following training.
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Trabold B, Gruber M, Fröhlich D. Synthetic inotropes inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules and augment the expression of L-selectin in polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Resuscitation 2007; 74:352-6. [PMID: 17382451 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate differential functional and phenotypic changes in response to clinically relevant synthetic inotropes plus the generation of oxidative free radicals by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and changes in the expression of L-selectin and Mac-1 on the surface of PMN were examined in the presence of dobutamine and dopexamine in pharmacological concentrations. DESIGN Prospective, in vitro study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Human PMN obtained from healthy donors. INTERVENTIONS PMN were pretreated with dobutamine 147.99 nM or 147,990 nM, or dopexamine 100 nM or 100,000 nM, followed by stimulation with FMLP. Stimulated neutrophils were incubated with antibiodies against CD11b or CD62l and assessed by flow cytometry. Additional probes were assessed by flow cytometry for the generation of oxidative free radicals. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Low concentrations of both synthetic inotropes significantly inhibit the suppression of CD62l expression following stimulation with N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine; high concentrations antagonize this effect. High concentrations of both synthetic inotropes suppresses the expression of CD11b. Neither dobutamine nor dopexamine modified the generation of oxidative free radicals. CONCLUSIONS While the upregulation of Mac-1 expression is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, the expression of L-selectin is enhanced at low concentrations of dobutamine and dopexamine and partly counter-regulated at high concentrations. It seems that synthetic inotropes can modulate the immunomodulatory ability by inhibition of PMN rolling and modification of PMN adherence and diapedese.
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Taube W, Gruber M, Beck S, Faist M, Gollhofer A, Schubert M. Cortical and spinal adaptations induced by balance training: correlation between stance stability and corticospinal activation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2007.01665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gruber M, Taube W, Gollhofer A, Beck S, Amtage F, Schubert M. Training-Specific Adaptations of H- and Stretch Reflexes in Human Soleus Muscle. J Mot Behav 2007; 39:68-78. [PMID: 17251172 DOI: 10.3200/jmbr.39.1.68-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated the effect of physical exercise on reflex excitability in a controlled intervention study. Healthy participants (N = 21) performed 4 weeks of either power training (ballistic strength training) or balance training (sensorimotor training [SMT]). Both training regimens enhanced balance control and rate of force development, whereas reductions in peak-to-peak amplitudes of stretch reflexes and in the ratio of the maximum Hoffman reflex to the maximum efferent motor response (Hmax:Mmax) measured at rest were limited to SMT. The differences in reflex excitability between the training regimens indicated different underlying neural mechanisms of adaptation. The reduced reflex excitability following SMT was most likely induced by supraspinal influence. The authors discuss an overall increase in presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferent fibers as a possible mechanism.
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Abstract
The individual elements of the vertebrate skeleton are separated by three different types of joints, fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints. Synovial joint formation in the limbs is coupled to the formation of the prechondrogenic condensations, which precede the formation of the joint interzone. We are beginning to understand the signals involved in the formation of prechondrogenic condensations and the subsequent differentiation of cells within the condensations into chondrocytes. However, relatively little is known about the molecules and molecular pathways involved in induction of the early joint interzone and the subsequent formation of the synovial joints. Based on gain-of function studies Wnt-signalling, in particular the canonical pathway, has been implicated in the joint induction process. Here we provide genetic evidence from loss-of function analysis of embryos lacking either the central player of the canonical Wnt-pathway, beta-catenin, in the limb mesenchyme or the two ligands, Wnt9a and Wnt4, demonstrating that canonical Wnt-signalling plays an important role in suppressing the chondrogenic potential of cells in the joint thereby actively allowing joint formation. Furthermore our data show that the beta-catenin activity is not essential for the induction of molecular markers expressed in the joint interzone. Thus, suggesting that canonical Wnt-signalling is not required for the induction, but for the subsequent maintenance of the fate of the joint interzone cells.
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