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Yurinskaya M, Zatsepina OG, Vinokurov MG, Bobkova NV, Garbuz DG, Morozov AV, Kulikova DA, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Funikov SY, Evgen'ev MB. The Fate of Exogenous Human HSP70 Introduced into Animal Cells by Different Means. Curr Drug Deliv 2016. [PMID: 26205901 DOI: 10.2174/1567201812666150724094207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become evident that in mammals, including humans, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), apart from its intracellular localization, is found in extracellular space, where it may execute various protective functions. Furthermore, the upregulation of HSP70 family members can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of various human neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant human HSP70 after intranasal administration can penetrate various brain regions of mice in its native form and subsequently undergo rapid degradation. It was also shown that labeled HSP70 added to culture medium of different human and mouse cell lines enters the cells with strikingly different kinetics, which positively correlates with the basic levels of membrane bound Toll-like receptors (TLR) that are characteristic of these cell lines. HSP70 administration does not significantly modulate the level of TLR expression at the protein or RNA level. The degradation of the introduced recombinant HSP70 after entering the cells is likely proteasome-dependent and varies significantly depending on the cells type and origin. These results should be considered when developing HSP70-based therapies.
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Yurinskaya MM, Funikov SY, Evgen'ev MB, Vinokurov MG. Exogenous heat shock protein HSP70 reduces response of human neuroblastoma cells to lipopolysaccharide. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 469:239-43. [PMID: 27599502 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exogenous heat shock protein HSP70 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNFα secretion, and mRNA expression by human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. It was shown that exogenous HSP70 protects neuroblastoma cells from the action of LPS. The protection mechanism of HSP70 includes a reduction in the production of ROS and TNFα and a decrease in the expression of TLR4 and IL-1β mRNA in SK-N-SH cells induced by LPS.
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Zatsepina OG, Przhiboro AA, Yushenova IA, Shilova V, Zelentsova ES, Shostak NG, Evgen'ev MB, Garbuz DG. A Drosophila heat shock response represents an exception rather than a rule amongst Diptera species. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:431-449. [PMID: 27089053 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is the major player that underlies adaptive response to hyperthermia in all organisms studied to date. We investigated patterns of Hsp70 expression in larvae of dipteran species collected from natural populations of species belonging to four families from different evolutionary lineages of the order Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae. All investigated species showed a Hsp70 expression pattern that was different from the pattern in Drosophila. In contrast to Drosophila, all of the species in the families studied were characterized by high constitutive levels of Hsp70, which was more stable than that in Drosophila. When Stratiomyidae Hsp70 proteins were expressed in Drosophila cells, they became as short-lived as the endogenous Hsp70. Interestingly, three species of Ceratopogonidae and a cold-water species of Chironomidae exhibited high constitutive levels of Hsp70 mRNA and high basal levels of Hsp70. Furthermore, two species of Tabanidae were characterized by significant constitutive levels of Hsp70 and highly stable Hsp70 mRNA. In most cases, heat-resistant species were characterized by a higher basal level of Hsp70 than more thermosensitive species. These data suggest that different trends were realized during the evolution of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the responses of Hsp70 genes to temperature fluctuations in the studied families.
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Andreeva NV, Zatsepina OG, Garbuz DG, Evgen'ev MB, Belyavsky AV. Recombinant HSP70 and mild heat shock stimulate growth of aged mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:727-33. [PMID: 27091568 PMCID: PMC4907997 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins including the major stress protein HSP70 support intracellular homeostasis and prevent protein damage after a temperature increase and other stressful environmental stimuli, as well as during aging. We have shown earlier that prolonged administration of recombinant human HSP70 to mice exhibiting Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration as well as during sepsis reduces the clinical manifestations of these pathologies. Herein, we studied the action of recombinant human HSP70 on young and aged mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in culture. The results obtained indicate that HSP70 at concentrations of 2 μg/ml and higher significantly stimulates growth of aged but not young MSCs. A similar effect is produced by application of a mild heat shock (42 °C 5 min) to the cells. Importantly, responses of young and aged MSCs to heat shock treatment of various durations differed drastically, and aged MSCs were significantly more sensitive to higher heat stress exposures than the young cells. Western blotting and protein labeling experiments demonstrated that neither mild heat shock nor exogenous HSP70 administration resulted in significant endogenous HSP70 induction in young and aged MSCs, whereas mild heat shock increased HSC70 levels in aged MSCs. The results of this study suggest that the administration of exogenous HSP70 and the application of mild heat stress may produce a certain "rejuvenating" effect on MSCs and possibly other cell types in vivo, and these interventions may potentially be used for life extension by delaying various manifestations of aging at the molecular and cellular level.
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Yurinskaya MM, Mit'kevich VA, Barykin EP, Garbuz DG, Evgen'ev MB, Makarov AA, Vinokurov MG. [Heat-shock protein HSP70 protects neuroblastoma cells SK-N-SH from the neurotoxic effects hydrogen peroxide and the β-amyloid peptide]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2016; 49:1030-4. [PMID: 26710786 DOI: 10.7868/s0026898415060233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease is associated with the development of oxidative stress caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be generated as a result of the effect of beta-amyloid peptides. One of the sources of ROS is hydrogen peroxide, inducing the apoptosis and necrosis of neural tissue cells. The mechanism of hydrogen peroxide apoptotic action includes launching signaling pathways that involve protein kinases PI3K, p38MAPK, JNK and ERK. Oxidative stress leads to increased synthesis of heat-shock proteins in the cells including HSP70. It was shown that the exogenous HSP70 could reduce generation of ROS in cells. In this study, we determined how HSP70 affected apoptosis and necrosis in human neuroblastoma cells SK-N-SH, induced by hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid peptide Aβ(1-42). It was shown that HSP70 reduces the cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and beta-amyloid, and protein kinases PI3K and JNK play an important role in the mechanism of HSP70 protective effect on the peroxide induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells.
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Kochetkova OY, Yurinskaya MM, Evgen'ev MB, Zatsepina OG, Shabarchina LI, Suslikov AV, Tikhonenko SA, Vinokurov MG. Influence of encapsulated heat shock protein HSP70 on the basic functional properties of blood phagocytes. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2016; 465:299-302. [PMID: 26725241 DOI: 10.1134/s001249661506006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulated heat shock proteins HSP 70 were studied in terms of their effects on neutrophil apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of TNF-α by human neurtrophils and monocytes. Encapsulated HSP70 inhibited neutrophil apoptosis by 65% as compared to the effect of nonencapsulated HSP70; TNF-α production by the promonocytic THP-1 cells was similarly inhibited by the non-encapsulated and encapsulated HSP70. Thus, the polyelectrolyte micromolecules can be used as containers for effective delivery of HSP70 up to neutrophils and monocytes to correct the innate immunity functions.
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Yurinskaya MM, Mitkevich VA, Kozin SA, Evgen'ev MB, Makarov AA, Vinokurov MG. HSP70 protects human neuroblastoma cells from apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by amyloid peptide isoAsp7-Aβ(1-42). Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1977. [PMID: 26583320 PMCID: PMC4670940 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Funikov SY, Ryazansky SS, Zelentsova ES, Popenko VI, Leonova OG, Garbuz DG, Evgen'ev MB, Zatsepina OG. The peculiarities of piRNA expression upon heat shock exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Mob Genet Elements 2015; 5:72-80. [PMID: 26904377 DOI: 10.1080/2159256x.2015.1086502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different types of stress including heat shock may induce genomic instability, due to the derepression and amplification of mobile elements (MEs). It remains unclear, however, whether piRNA-machinery regulating ME expression functions normally under stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the features of piRNA expression after heat shock (HS) exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. We also evaluated functioning of piRNA-machinery in the absence of major stress protein Hsp70 in this species. We analyzed the deep sequence data of piRNA expression after HS treatment and demonstrated that it modulates the expression of certain double-stranded germinal piRNA-clusters. Notable, we demonstrated significant changes in piRNA levels targeting a group of MEs after HS only in the strain containing normal set of hsp70 genes. Surprisingly, we failed to detect any correlation between the levels of piRNAs and the transcription of complementary MEs in the studied strains. We propose that modulation of certain piRNA-clusters expression upon HS exposure in D. melanogaster occurs due to HS-induced altering of chromatin state at certain chromosome regions.
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Evgen'ev MB. [Vladimir Igorevich Mitrofanov]. ONTOGENEZ 2015; 46:360. [PMID: 26606830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Weisman NY, Evgen'ev MB, Golubovsky MD. [VARIOUS ALLELES OF HSF HEAT-SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER INCREASE VIABILITY OF ITS CARRIERS IN UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTS]. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY = USPEKHI GERONTOLOGII 2015; 28:248-256. [PMID: 26856085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We found increased viability in heterozygous carriers of hsf heat shock transcription factor n comparison with wild type. The effect depends on temperature, sex and direction of crosses. Viability effect is more evident in conditions of soft temperature stress. The males are more sensitive. The maternal effect is observed: if hsf*allele came from mother, the viability effect is stronger. The survival curves of heterozygotes on hsf-1 and hsf-4 alleles are similar in spite of HSF-4 protein is slightly active on normal temperature.
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Evgen'ev MB. What happens when Penelope comes?: An unusual retroelement invades a host species genome exploring different strategies. Mob Genet Elements 2014; 3:e24542. [PMID: 23914310 PMCID: PMC3681739 DOI: 10.4161/mge.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous residents in eukaryotic genomes. They can cause dramatic changes in gene expression and lead to gross rearrangements of chromosome structure, providing the basis for rapid evolution. The virilis species group of Drosophila contains certain species that can be crossed under experimental conditions and their phylogeny is thoroughly investigated. We have shown that Drosophila virilis, the most primitive karyotypically and probably the ancestral species of the group, is in the process of colonization by a very unusual retroelement Penelope which apparently repeatedly invaded the species of the group in the past. However, the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of such invasions are poorly understood. In this commentary, we discuss the implications of our recent investigation into the response of the RNA silencing system to Penelope invasion of a new host genome which can be achieved in different ways.
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Astakhova LN, Zatsepina OG, Evgen'ev MB, Garbuz DG. [Comparative analysis of heat shock promoters efficiency in two diptera species]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2014; 48:436-443. [PMID: 25831893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) provide cellular and whole body adaptation of animals to various adverse environmental conditions. Hsp70 is apparently the major player underlying biological adaptation in all organisms studied so far. In all animals the regulatory regions of studied heat shock genes include several conservative promoter elements HSEs (heat shock elements) that are necessary for binding of heat shock transcription factor (HSF). The promoter regions of hsp70 genes are extremely conserved and, hence, it was generally accepted that they are universal and can operate in species belonging to different phyla. In the present work we performed the comparative analysis which revealed characteristic differences in the hsp 70 promoters of two Diptera species: Drosophila melanogaster and highly thermotolerance soldier fly Stratiomys singularior. We measured promoters activity in D. melanogaster cell culture exploring in vitro luciferase reporter assay. The analysis demonstrated significantly higher strength ofD. melanogaster promoters in spite of the fact that comparable numbers of HSEs are present in both species. These drastic differences in the promoter strength are probably due to absence of GAF-binding sites, which are necessary for efficient functioning of D. melanogaster hsp70 promoters. In contrast, comparison of hsp83 promoters isolated from these two species does not show significant differences. Our results demonstrate existence of different evolutionary trends in the regulation of the hsp70 expression even within the same order (Diptera).
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Sokolova MI, Zelentsova ES, Shostak NG, Rozhkov NV, Evgen'ev MB. Ontogenetic consequences of dysgenic crosses in Drosophila virilis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 57:731-9. [PMID: 24395561 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.120189me] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid dysgenesis (HD) syndrome in Drosophila virilis presumably results from the mobilization of several unrelated mobile genetic elements in dysgenic hybrids. Morphogenetic events during oogenesis and spermatogenesis were investigated in detail in the progeny of D. virilis dysgenic crosses. Using germ-cell specific anti-Vasa staining, we monitored the fate of germline cells at different ontogenetic stages in strains of D. virilis and their hybrids. Anti-Vasa staining indicated that the major loss of pole cells occurs in dysgenic embryos at stage 11-14 after primordial germ cells (PGC) pass the midgut wall. At later ontogenetic stages, including larvae, pupae and imagoes, we often observed an abnormal development of gonads in dysgenic individuals with a frequent occurrence of unilateral and bilateral gonadal atrophy. Dysgenic females were characterized by the presence of various sterile ovarian phenotypes that predominantly include agametic ovarioles, while other atypical forms such as tumor-like ovarioles and dorsalized ovariolar follicles may also be present. Testis abnormalities were also frequently observed in dysgenic males. The sterility manifestations depended on the strain, the growing temperature and the age of the flies used in crosses. The observed gonadal sterility and other HD manifestations correlated with the absence of maternal piRNAs homologous to Penelope and other transposons in the early dysgenic embryos. We speculate that gonadal abnormalities mimicking several known sterility mutations probably result from the disturbance of developmental gene expression machinery due to the activation of unrelated families of transposons in early dysgenic embryos.
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Abdurashitov MA, Gonchar DA, Chernukhin VA, Tomilov VN, Tomilova JE, Schostak NG, Zatsepina OG, Zelentsova ES, Evgen'ev MB, Degtyarev SKH. Medium-sized tandem repeats represent an abundant component of the Drosophila virilis genome. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:771. [PMID: 24209985 PMCID: PMC3833285 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we developed a simple method for carrying out a restriction enzyme analysis of eukaryotic DNA in silico, based on the known DNA sequences of the genomes. This method allows the user to calculate lengths of all DNA fragments that are formed after a whole genome is digested at the theoretical recognition sites of a given restriction enzyme. A comparison of the observed peaks in distribution diagrams with the results from DNA cleavage using several restriction enzymes performed in vitro have shown good correspondence between the theoretical and experimental data in several cases. Here, we applied this approach to the annotated genome of Drosophila virilis which is extremely rich in various repeats. Results Here we explored the combined approach to perform the restriction analysis of D. virilis DNA. This approach enabled to reveal three abundant medium-sized tandem repeats within the D. virilis genome. While the 225 bp repeats were revealed previously in intergenic non-transcribed spacers between ribosomal genes of D. virilis, two other families comprised of 154 bp and 172 bp repeats were not described. Tandem Repeats Finder search demonstrated that 154 bp and 172 bp units are organized in multiple clusters in the genome of D. virilis. Characteristically, only 154 bp repeats derived from Helitron transposon are transcribed. Conclusion Using in silico digestion in combination with conventional restriction analysis and sequencing of repeated DNA fragments enabled us to isolate and characterize three highly abundant families of medium-sized repeats present in the D. virilis genome. These repeats comprise a significant portion of the genome and may have important roles in genome function and structural integrity. Therefore, we demonstrated an approach which makes possible to investigate in detail the gross arrangement and expression of medium-sized repeats basing on sequencing data even in the case of incompletely assembled and/or annotated genomes.
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Antonova OY, Yurinskaya MM, Evgen'ev MB, Vinokurov MG. The role of the TLR-dependent signaling pathway in the mechanism of phagocyte protection by exogenous heat shock protein HSP70 from the endotoxin action. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 452:305-9. [PMID: 24150653 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antonova OY, Yurinskaya MM, Funikov SY, Evgen'ev MB, Vinokurov MG. Exogenous heat shock protein HSP70 modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 452:320-324. [PMID: 24150657 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Astakhova LN, Zatsepina OG, Przhiboro AA, Evgen'ev MB, Garbuz DG. Novel arrangement and comparative analysis of hsp90 family genes in three thermotolerant species of Stratiomyidae (Diptera). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:284-296. [PMID: 23521688 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock proteins belonging to the Hsp90 family (Hsp83 in Diptera) play a crucial role in the protection of cells due to their chaperoning functions. We sequenced hsp90 genes from three species of the family Stratiomyidae (Diptera) living in thermally different habitats and characterized by extraordinarily high thermotolerance. The sequence variation and structure of the hsp90 family genes were compared with previously described features of hsp70 copies isolated from the same species. Two functional hsp83 genes were found in the species studied, that are arranged in tandem orientation at least in one of them. This organization was not previously described. Stratiomyidae hsp83 genes share a high level of identity with hsp83 of Drosophila, and the deduced protein possesses five conserved amino acid sequence motifs characteristic of the Hsp90 family as well as the C-terminus MEEVD sequence characteristic of the cytosolic isoform. A comparison of the hsp83 promoters of two Stratiomyidae species from thermally contrasting habitats demonstrated that while both species contain canonical heat shock elements in the same position, only one of the species contains functional GAF-binding elements. Our data indicate that in the same species, hsp83 family genes show a higher evolution rate than the hsp70 family.
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Antonova OY, Yurinskaya MM, Evgen'ev MB, Suslikov AV, Vinokurov MG. Exogenous heat shock protein HSP70 protects human blood phagocytes at the action of different chemotypes of lipopolysaccharide. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2012; 447:392-395. [PMID: 23292479 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496612010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Rozhkov NV, Schostak NG, Zelentsova ES, Yushenova IA, Zatsepina OG, Evgen'ev MB. Evolution and dynamics of small RNA response to a retroelement invasion in Drosophila. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 30:397-408. [PMID: 23079419 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although small RNAs efficiently control transposition activity of most transposons in the host genome, such an immune system is not always applicable against a new transposon's invasions. Here, we explored a possibility to introduce potentially mobile copy of the Penelope retroelement previously implicated in hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in Drosophila virilis into the genomes of two distant Drosophila species. The consequences of such introduction were monitored at different phases after experimental colonization as well as in D. virilis species, which is apparently in the process of ongoing Penelope invasion. We investigated the expression of Penelope and biogenesis of Penelope-derived small RNAs in D. virilis and D. melanogaster strains originally lacking active copies of this element after experimental Penelope invasion. These strains were transformed by constructs containing intact Penelope copies. We show that immediately after transformation, which imitates the first stage of retroelement invasion, Penelope undergoes transposition predominantly in somatic tissues, and may produce siRNAs that are apparently unable to completely silence its activity. However, at the later stages of colonization Penelope copies may jump into one of the piRNA-clusters, which results in production of homologous piRNAs that are maternally deposited and can silence euchromatic transcriptionally active copies of Penelope in trans and, hence, prevent further amplification of the invader in the host genome. Intact Penelope copies and different classes of Penelope-derived small RNAs were found in most geographical strains of D. virilis collected throughout the world. Importantly, all strains of this species containing full-length Penelope tested do not produce gonadal sterility in dysgenic crosses and, hence, exhibit neutral cytotype. To understand whether RNA interference mechanism able to target Penelope operates in related species of the virilis group, we correlated the presence of full-length and potentially active Penelope with the occurrence of piRNAs homologous to this transposable element in the ovaries of species comprising the group. It was demonstrated that Penelope-derived piRNAs are present in all virilis group species containing full-length but transcriptionally silent copies of this element that probably represent the remnants of its previous invasions taking place in the course of the virilis species divergent evolution.
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Vaĭsman NI, Evgen'ev MB, Golubovskiĭ MD. [Parallelism and paradoxes on viability and the life span of two loss-of-function mutations: heat shock protein transcriptional regulator hsf(1) and l(2)gl tumor suppressor in D. melanogaster]. IZVESTIIA AKADEMII NAUK. SERIIA BIOLOGICHESKAIA 2012:27-34. [PMID: 22567869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed how a dosage decrease in mono- and diheterozygotes on both lethal alleles of the lgl-gene and hsfheat shock regulator influences viability and life span at optimal and high temperature 29 degrees C conditions. We found that hsf(1) (1 dosage of active hsf-factor) heterozygote animals had significantly increased viability (up to 30-39%) in case of its development from egg to imago under the stress of 29 degrees C. However, this stress-protective effect of a decreased dosage of HSF1 was suppressed in diheterozygotes, while the dosage of tumor suppressor lgl was simultaneously decreased. Under stress temperature conditions, a decrease in dosage of one of the alleles also increased the average life span and delayed aging, especially in the case of maternal inheritance of each of the loss-of-function mutations. In diheterozygotes the average life span had intermediate meanings. However, in diheterozygote males under stress conditions the positive longevity effect of hsf was suppressed in the presence of the lgl-mutation. Paradoxically, that decrease of expression of each of the studied vital genes provided a positive effect on both viability and life span under stress conditions. However, a simultaneous dosage decrease of two loss-of-function alleles in diheterozygotes resulted in disbalanced effects on the organism level. The received data indicate interaction between HSF1 and LGL gene products during ontogenesis and stress-defending processes.
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Garbuz DG, Astakhova LN, Zatsepina OG, Arkhipova IR, Nudler E, Evgen'ev MB. Functional organization of hsp70 cluster in camel (Camelus dromedarius) and other mammals. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27205. [PMID: 22096537 PMCID: PMC3212538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone providing tolerance to heat and other challenges at the cellular and organismal levels. We sequenced a genomic cluster containing three hsp70 family genes linked with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region from an extremely heat tolerant animal, camel (Camelus dromedarius). Two hsp70 family genes comprising the cluster contain heat shock elements (HSEs), while the third gene lacks HSEs and should not be induced by heat shock. Comparison of the camel hsp70 cluster with the corresponding regions from several mammalian species revealed similar organization of genes forming the cluster. Specifically, the two heat inducible hsp70 genes are arranged in tandem, while the third constitutively expressed hsp70 family member is present in inverted orientation. Comparison of regulatory regions of hsp70 genes from camel and other mammals demonstrates that transcription factor matches with highest significance are located in the highly conserved 250-bp upstream region and correspond to HSEs followed by NF-Y and Sp1 binding sites. The high degree of sequence conservation leaves little room for putative camel-specific regulatory elements. Surprisingly, RT-PCR and 5′/3′-RACE analysis demonstrated that all three hsp70 genes are expressed in camel's muscle and blood cells not only after heat shock, but under normal physiological conditions as well, and may account for tolerance of camel cells to extreme environmental conditions. A high degree of evolutionary conservation observed for the hsp70 cluster always linked with MHC locus in mammals suggests an important role of such organization for coordinated functioning of these vital genes.
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Rozhkov NV, Zelentsova ES, Shostak NG, Evgen'ev MB. Expression of Drosophila virilis retroelements and role of small RNAs in their intrastrain transposition. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21883. [PMID: 21779346 PMCID: PMC3136932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposition of two retroelements (Ulysses and Penelope) mobilized in the course of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila virilis has been investigated by in situ hybridization on polytene chromosomes in two D. virilis strains of different cytotypes routinely used to get dysgenic progeny. The analysis has been repeatedly performed over the last two decades, and has revealed transpositions of Penelope in one of the strains, while, in the other strain, the LTR-containing element Ulysses was found to be transpositionally active. The gypsy retroelement, which has been previously shown to be transpositionally inactive in D. virilis strains, was also included in the analysis. Whole mount is situ hybridization with the ovaries revealed different subcellular distribution of the transposable elements transcripts in the strains studied. Ulysses transpositions occur only in the strain where antisense piRNAs homologous to this TE are virtually absent and the ping-pong amplification loop apparently does not take place. On the other hand small RNAs homologous to Penelope found in the other strain, belong predominantly to the siRNA category (21nt), and consist of sense and antisense species observed in approximately equal proportion. The number of Penelope copies in the latter strain has significantly increased during the last decades, probably because Penelope-derived siRNAs are not maternally inherited, while the low level of Penelope-piRNAs, which are faithfully transmitted from mother to the embryo, is not sufficient to silence this element completely. Therefore, we speculate that intrastrain transposition of the three retroelements studied is controlled predominantly at the post-transcriptional level.
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Garbuz DG, Yushenova IA, Zatsepina OG, Przhiboro AA, Bettencourt BR, Evgen'ev MB. Organization and evolution of hsp70 clusters strikingly differ in two species of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) inhabiting thermally contrasting environments. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:74. [PMID: 21426536 PMCID: PMC3071340 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we described the heat shock response in dipteran species belonging to the family Stratiomyidae that develop in thermally and chemically contrasting habitats including highly aggressive ones. Although all species studied exhibit high constitutive levels of Hsp70 accompanied by exceptionally high thermotolerance, we also detected characteristic interspecies differences in heat shock protein (Hsp) expression and survival after severe heat shock. Here, we analyzed genomic libraries from two Stratiomyidae species from thermally and chemically contrasting habitats and determined the structure and organization of their hsp70 clusters. Results Although the genomes of both species contain similar numbers of hsp70 genes, the spatial distribution of hsp70 copies differs characteristically. In a population of the eurytopic species Stratiomys singularior, which exists in thermally variable and chemically aggressive (hypersaline) conditions, the hsp70 copies form a tight cluster with approximately equal intergenic distances. In contrast, in a population of the stenotopic Oxycera pardalina that dwells in a stable cold spring, we did not find hsp70 copies in tandem orientation. In this species, the distance between individual hsp70 copies in the genome is very large, if they are linked at all. In O. pardalina we detected the hsp68 gene located next to a hsp70 copy in tandem orientation. Although the hsp70 coding sequences of S. singularior are highly homogenized via conversion, the structure and general arrangement of the hsp70 clusters are highly polymorphic, including gross aberrations, various deletions in intergenic regions, and insertion of incomplete Mariner transposons in close vicinity to the 3'-UTRs. Conclusions The hsp70 gene families in S. singularior and O. pardalina evolved quite differently from one another. We demonstrated clear evidence of homogenizing gene conversion in the S. singularior hsp70 genes, which form tight clusters in this species. In the case of the other species, O. pardalina, we found no clear trace of concerted evolution for the dispersed hsp70 genes. Furthermore, in the latter species we detected hsp70 pseudogenes, representing a hallmark of the birth-and-death process.
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Ostrov VF, Evgen'ev MB, Murashev AN. Influence of the recombinant human 70-kDa heat-shock protein on simulation of gram-positive sepsis in rats. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2011; 437:65-68. [PMID: 21562946 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496611020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Rozhkova EA, Zatsepina OG, Iurinskaia MM, Vinokurov MG, Evgen'ev MB. [The effect of extracellular recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on protein pattern observed after endotoxin-induced macrophage activation]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2011; 45:386-390. [PMID: 21634127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The protein pattern of mouse macrophage strain (J774) has been investigated using 2D electrophoresis after combined action of bacterial endotoxins (LPS), heat shock treatment (HS) and administration of recombinant human Hsp70. The investigation demonstrated significant protective effect of HS and recombinant Hsp70 treatment applied before LPS introduction. This effect is apparently realized by means of several signal transduction systems. In the course of the investigation, we have identified eight proteins, which exhibited pronounced changes in their synthesis due to combined treatment. The data accumulated may shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying protective antiseptic action of HS and/or recombinant Hsp70 applied before LPS administration.
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