51
|
Hornemann A, Weichert J, Thill M, Altgassen C, Luedders D, Bohlmann MK. [Seasonality of omphalocele in northern Germany]. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2009; 30:591-595. [PMID: 19085743 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Omphalocele is a rare congenital abdominal wall defect that has been attributed to environmental factors such as increased levels of herbicides in surface water. We wanted to verify a seasonal variation of the incidence of Omphalocele and thus to identify possible environmental factors in an area in Northern Germany that is characterized by a predominantly agricultural setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of all pregnancies (n = 28 935) screened by ultrasound at our University Hospital between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2007 was carried out. After identification of fetuses with persisting Omphalocele, analysis for additional structural defects and for chromosomal anomalies, such as trisomy 18, was carried out. We further categorized all patients with regard to the date of conception during summer (April-September) and winter months (October-March). Categorical variables were compared by the Mann-Whitney-U test and were considered statistically significant when two tailed analyses yielded p = 0.05. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the seasonal distribution of conception neither for all fetuses (p = 0.70) nor for fetuses with Omphalocele (p = 0.94). The results were constant for fetuses with isolated Omphalocele and with additional malformation and for those with Omphalocele and associated chromosomal anomalies. The incidence of fetal Omphalocele has remained relatively stable within the last 15 years. No significant difference was found in the seasonal incidence of Omphalocele in patients from an urban or rural background. CONCLUSION Since we were unable to demonstrate a relationship between the time of conception and the incidence of fetal Omphalocele in our cohort of pregnant women from a predominantly agricultural background, other factors should be investigated for possible associations with the onset of Omphalocele.
Collapse
|
52
|
Bohlmann MK, Abele H, Gille C, Wallwiener D, Tekesin I. [Prenatal diagnosis of an inguino-scrotal hernia in a fetus with trisomy 18]. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2009; 30:490-491. [PMID: 18773388 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its prevalence in neonates, an inguino-scrotal hernia is a rarely detected condition in prenatal life. The sonographic findings, i. e., a scrotal mass with intestinal peristalsis, the differential diagnosis, and possible associations between a scrotal hernia and chromosomal aberrations are described by presenting the case of a fetus with trisomy 18 and major structural anomalies.
Collapse
|
53
|
Bohlmann MK, Luedders DW, Wolff MV, Beuter-Winkler P, Diedrich K, Hornemann A, Strowitzki T. Hysteroskopische Befunde bei Frauen mit zwei und mit mehr Frühaborten. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
54
|
Hornemann A, von Koschitzky H, Bohlmann MK, Hornung D, Diedrich K, Taffazoli K. Isolated pyosalpinx in a 13-year-old virgin. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:2732.e9-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
55
|
Hackethal A, Brueggmann D, Bohlmann MK, Franke FE, Tinneberg HR, Münstedt K. Squamous-cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: systematic review and analysis of published data. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9:1173-80. [PMID: 19038764 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Up to a quarter of ovarian masses originate from germ cells, and many of these are mature cystic teratomas. The secondary development of malignancy is a rare but well-known phenomenon in patients with ovarian teratomas. Squamous-cell carcinoma accounts for 80% of secondary malignant transformations of ovarian teratomas. We aimed to do an up-to-date systematic review of this rare malignant transformation. 64 suitable studies provided information on 277 patients. Squamous-cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma was mainly found in women aged more than 50 years, with high concentrations of squamous-cell-carcinoma antigen and cancer antigen CA125, and with ovarian tumours more than 100 mm in size. Patients with FIGO stage Ia tumours had better survival than those with more advanced disease. Complete resection together with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy for patients with advanced disease, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with an alkylating drug was associated with higher survival, radiotherapy was not. We make proposals for investigation and treatment of this rare disorder.
Collapse
|
56
|
Bohlmann MK, Lüdders DW, Baumann K, Marx TE, Diedrich K, Hornemann A. Gestagene- Allheilmittel zur Prophylaxe und Therapie von Schwangerschaftspathologien? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1089184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
57
|
Hornemann A, Bohlmann MK, Thill M, Altgassen C, Diedrich K, Finas D. Ökonomie der Geburtshilfe–Primäre Sektio versus Spontanpartus – Bilanz der aktuellen Vergütung im G-DRG System. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
58
|
Lüdders DW, Hornemann A, Thill M, Weichert J, Diedrich K, Bohlmann MK. Chronische entzündliche Darmerkrankungen und Schwangerschaft – Welchen Risiken und Komplikationen sind zu beachten? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
59
|
Kelling K, Banz C, Bohlmann M, Bohlmann MK, Dittmer C, Diedrich K, Thill M. Malignes Melanom der Klitoris – Kasuistik und Literaturübersicht. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
60
|
Abstract
The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is still unknown. Low-dose aspirin showed a reduction of the preeclampsia rate in a high-risk situation.There is a lack of prospective randomized studies to prove the benefit of heparin treatment in patients with hereditary thrombophilia. Different prophylactic therapies did not show any benefit in the prevention of preeclampsia in clinical studies.
Collapse
|
61
|
Bohlmann MK, von Otte S, Luedders DW, Diedrich K. Antikoagulation zur Verhinderung von Schwangerschaftskomplikationen – was ist evidenzbasiert? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
62
|
Bohlmann MK, Luedders DW, von Wolff M. Evidence-based guidelines for the investigation and medical treatment of recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:309; author reply 309-11. [PMID: 17050547 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
63
|
Bohlmann MK, Jauckus J, Deckner C, Strowitzki T, von Wolff M. Charakterisierung und Konzentrationbestimmung endometrialer Immunzellen bei Patientinnen mit idiopathischen habituellen Aborten. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
64
|
Brüggmann D, Bohlmann MK, Bohle RM, Tinneberg HR. Magenkarzinom in der Schwangerschaft - Ein Fallbericht. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 128:224-8. [PMID: 16835818 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are common sufferings of pregnant woman. No gynaecologist would consider carcinoma of the stomach as a probable differential diagnosis according the extremely rare probability of this disease during pregnancy. Consequently, a late diagnosis in pregnancy can result in spreading throughout the whole abdomen. In this advanced stage, it is only possible to recommend palliative care to the patient followed by short survival. Fetal metastasis is a rare entity, therefore caesarean section and chemotherapy should not be performed until fetal maturity. If vomiting and nausea are prolonged after the sixteenth week of pregnancy a malignant disease of the stomach should be excluded. Only in case of short delay between symptoms and diagnosis, the stomach cancer can be resected totally followed by a better overall survival of the patient.
Collapse
|
65
|
Bohlmann MK, Rabe T, Sinn HP, Strowitzki T, Von Wolff M. Intraoperative venous blood sampling to localize a small androgen-producing ovarian tumor. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21:138-41. [PMID: 16335905 DOI: 10.1080/09513590500223970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among other causes of virilization, ovarian tumors can be the cause of excessive androgen production. We report the case of a Leydig cell tumor of the ovary where diagnostic attempts to localize the source of hyperandrogenism preoperatively failed owing to relatively small tumor size. CASE A 36-year-old woman presented with clinical signs of severe virilization including progressive balding, increased hirsutism, secondary amenorrhea and enlargement of the clitoris. Extensive work-up included endocrinological tests, pelvic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, chromosomal analysis, norcholesterol scintigraphy and selective venous sampling, without direct localization of the source of hyperandrogenism. Persistently high plasma testosterone prompted an explorative laparotomy. Intraoperative selective blood sampling of the ovarian veins and palpation gave evidence of a right ovarian tumor, which was then removed. Histological examination revealed the presence of a pure Leydig cell tumor. CONCLUSION Exploratory laparotomy with intraoperative selective blood sampling of the ovarian veins might be a useful approach in patients without accurate preoperative localization of androgen-producing tumors of the ovaries.
Collapse
|
66
|
Münstedt K, Johnson P, Bohlmann MK, Zygmunt M, von Georgi R, Vahrson H. Adjuvant radiotherapy in carcinomas of the uterine cervix: the prognostic value of hemoglobin levels. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:285-91. [PMID: 15823113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.15217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia has been associated with a poorer treatment response and reduced survival in women undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy for advanced cervical carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the influence of anemia on outcome in patients with cervical carcinoma undergoing adjuvant RT. Medical records were reviewed for 183 cervical cancer patients who had received adjuvant RT because of risk factors after radical surgery (n= 109) or inadequate primary surgery (simple hysterectomy; n= 74). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to study hemoglobin levels before and during adjuvant RT in relation to recurrence-free and overall survival. Hemoglobin values > or =11 g/dL were considered normal, while those <11 g/dL indicated anemia. Hemoglobin levels before RT influenced significantly overall survival and recurrence-free survival across the whole group (overall survival--log rank(all patients)= 7.5; df = 1; P= 0.006). However, subgroup analysis showed that the observed difference was mainly due to the group of women who had undergone inadequate primary surgery (overall survival--log rank(inadequate surgery)= 10.8; df = 1; P= 0.001). Multifactorial regression analyses comparing hemoglobin before RT with grading and tumor stage confirmed the prognostic value of hemoglobin values. Maintaining normal hemoglobin values before and during adjuvant RT seems to be important, especially in patients who have had inappropriate simple hysterectomy, which may resemble a therapeutic situation.
Collapse
|
67
|
Münstedt K, Borces D, Bohlmann MK, Zygmunt M, von Georgi R. Glucocorticoid administration in antiemetic therapy: is it safe? Cancer 2004; 101:1696-702. [PMID: 15468188 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although glucocorticoids are often used in cancer therapy, in particular to enhance the effectiveness of antiemetic therapy, they have been associated with impaired tumor apoptosis and an increased frequency of metastases in some reports. The current study aimed to determine whether glucocorticoid treatment had an adverse effect on outcomes in patients with ovarian carcinoma. METHODS Records of patients with ovarian carcinoma who were scheduled to receive at least six courses of systemic chemotherapy were reviewed. Patients were grouped into those who had or had not received corticosteroid medication as a part of general antiemetic prophylaxis before chemotherapy, and details of hematologic parameters during treatment and disease recurrence-free and overall survival were recorded. RESULTS Altogether, 245 patients with ovarian carcinoma had received chemotherapy. Of these, 62 had been given concurrent glucocorticoid treatment and 183 had not. The two patient groups were well balanced with respect to disease stage and other prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no significant differences in survival between the groups. Patients who received glucocorticoid treatment had significantly higher leukocyte values in the days immediately after chemotherapy, higher nadir leukocyte values, and higher counts before subsequent courses of chemotherapy (P < 0.01; Levene test, t test) compared with patients who did not receive glucocorticoid treatment. As a result, the initial treatment targets were achieved significantly more often in the glucocorticoid group (P = 0.007; chi-square test). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that glucocorticoid treatment had a negative effect on outcomes in these patients. Glucocorticoids may exert protective effects on the bone marrow.
Collapse
|
68
|
Bohlmann MK, Rossmann H, von Wolff M, Strowitzki T. A role for “acquired” activated protein C resistance in recurrent fetal loss? Fertil Steril 2004; 81:1427-8; author reply 1428. [PMID: 15136124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
69
|
von Wolff M, Bohlmann MK, Fiedler C, Ursel S, Strowitzki T. Osteopontin is up-regulated in human decidual stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2004; 81 Suppl 1:741-8. [PMID: 15019804 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Revised: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 08/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze expression and regulation of osteopontin in human stromal endometrial and decidual cells. DESIGN Study by immunohistochemistry, RNase protection assay, and in vitro study. SETTING Academic research unit. PATIENT(S) Twenty-five fertile women. INTERVENTION(S) Expression of osteopontin mRNA and protein was analyzed by RNase protection assay (RPA) and immunohistochemistry in secretory endometrium and decidua. Regulation of osteopontin expression in endometrial epithelial cell and stromal cells was analyzed by incubation with 17beta-estrogen, progesterone, IL-1beta, IL-6, and LIF and by incubation with cell culture supernatants of decidual natural killer cells. Furthermore, osteopontin expression was studied in stromal cells, decidualized in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) mRNA and protein expression and regulation of endometrial stromal osteopontin. RESULT(S) Osteopontin mRNA and protein are expressed at increasing concentrations in human secretory endometrium and in decidua. High concentrations in total decidua were due to high osteopontin concentrations in decidualized stromal cells. Osteopontin mRNA and protein expression was not regulated by incubation of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells with steroids, cytokines, and natural killer cell supernatant for 6 and 24 hours. In contrast, decidualization of stromal cells for 7, 14, and 21 days resulted in significant up-regulation of osteopontin mRNA and protein. CONCLUSION(S) Osteopontin is expressed at high concentrations in secretory endometrium in epithelial cells and in decidua in stromal cells. Decidual stromal expression of osteopontin is up-regulated by decidualization.
Collapse
|
70
|
Bohlmann MK, von Wolff M, Strowitzki T. Comment on the symposium article "Fertility after treatment for Hodgkin's disease", by Z. Blumenfeld, E. Dann, I. Avivi et al. (Ann Oncol 2002; 13 Suppl 1: 138-147). Ann Oncol 2003; 14:499; author reply 499-500. [PMID: 12598361 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
71
|
Bohlmann MK, Von Wolff M, Strowitzki T. Factor V Leiden and recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:2482; author reply 2482-3. [PMID: 12202447 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.9.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
72
|
Bohlmann MK, Eckstein FS, Stauffer E, Allemann Y, Carrel TP. Isolated amelanotic malignant melanoma of the heart. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146:912-5. [PMID: 12000396 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a 58-year-old woman presenting with dyspnoea and recurrent pulmonary embolism. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion and a tumour located in the atrioventricular groove. Surgical exploration showed tumorous infiltration of the ventricle wall and of parts of the atrium. Curative excision was not possible and the operation was discontinued. Histology revealed an amelanotic malignant melanoma. No other tumour location was detected by scanning procedures. This case represents a very rare manifestation of melanoma exclusively located in the atrioventricular groove of the heart leading to recurrent pulmonary embolism. A review of the literature on cardiac involvement of melanoma is provided.
Collapse
|
73
|
Bohlmann MK, Eckstein FS, Allemann Y, Stauffer E, Carrel TP. Intracardiac resection of a metastatic choriocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 84:157-60. [PMID: 11748994 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartal choriocarcinoma is a rare complication of pregnancy, which usually responds well to chemotherapy, even in advanced stages. Metastatic heart involvement typically characterizes a widely advanced disease, requiring palliative treatment. CASE A 41-year-old woman with disseminated choriocarcinoma following a full-term pregnancy presented with clinical signs of severe dyspnea. Pulmonary hypertension and a floating left atrial tumor were diagnosed upon echocardiography. Tumor resection was performed by intracardiac surgery. Histological examination revealed a metastatic thrombus of a choriocarcinoma that had obstructed the right inferior pulmonary vein at the entrance to the left atrium. The patient was treated with high-dose chemotherapy. After a 1-year follow-up the patient continues to be in full remission. CONCLUSION Tumor reductive surgery followed by high-dose chemotherapy might be a useful approach in patients with metastatic choriocarcinoma even in cases of rare tumor sites.
Collapse
|
74
|
Eckstein FS, Bohlmann MK, Balmer MC, Carrel TP. Constrictive tuberculous pericarditis in a HIV-positive patient. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001; 19:940-2. [PMID: 11404161 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(01)00715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Constrictive pericarditis is a relatively rare clinical manifestation nowadays. We present the case of an HIV-positive patient with constrictive calcified pericarditis due to an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pericardectomy was performed. The therapeutical approach is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Collapse
|
75
|
Rabe T, Bohlmann MK, Rehberger-Schneider S, Prifti S. Induction of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta activities by synthetic progestins. Gynecol Endocrinol 2000; 14:118-26. [PMID: 10836199 DOI: 10.3109/09513590009167670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular action of steroid hormones is mediated by specific receptors. Recently, two different estrogen receptors (ER), alpha and beta, have been cloned with a specific tissue distribution. Active estrogen as well as active progestin are compounds of oral hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. To examine the regulation of ER-alpha and -beta activities after treatment with synthetic progestins and synthetic and natural estrogens, COS 7 cells were transfected with the vector expressing ER-alpha and -beta in combination with a luciferase reporter vector. ER-alpha activity was upregulated in the presence of synthetic progestins in a dose-dependent manner. Norethisterone, norethynodrel and desogestrel proved to be the most potent stimulatory agents of ER-alpha expression. On the other hand, not all progestins exhibited a stimulatory action on ER-beta activity. Only norgestrel, levonorgestrel, norethynodrel and norethisterone induced ER-beta-activating functions in a dose-dependent manner. Luciferase activity due to estrogen stimulation served as a positive control. Our results indicate that progestins have different effects on the activities of ER-alpha and -beta.
Collapse
|