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Milić J, Zalibera M, Talaat D, Nomrowski J, Trapp N, Ruhlmann L, Boudon C, Wenger OS, Savitsky A, Lubitz W, Diederich F. Photoredox-Switchable Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands: Radical Control of Molecular Gripping Machinery via Hydrogen Bonding. Chemistry 2017; 24:1431-1440. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zalibera M, Krylov DS, Karagiannis D, Will PA, Ziegs F, Schiemenz S, Lubitz W, Reineke S, Savitsky A, Popov AA. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in a Y3
N@C80
Endohedral Fullerene: Time-Resolved Luminescence and EPR Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Poprac P, Poliak P, Kavala M, Barbieriková Z, Zalibera M, Fronc M, Švorc Ľ, Vihonská Z, Olejníková P, Lušpai K, Lukeš V, Brezová V, Szolcsányi P. Polyradical PROXYL/TEMPO-Derived Amides: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, DFT Calculations, and Antimicrobial Activity. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1326-1340. [PMID: 31957189 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of polynitroxide amides possessing 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (PROXYL) and/or 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) units connected through various bridges were synthesized and their properties were analyzed. EPR spectroscopy provided detailed insight into their paramagnetic character and related properties. A thorough examination of the EPR spectra of dinitroxides in organic solvents provided valuable information on the intramolecular motions, thermodynamics, and spin-exchange mechanisms. Analysis of low-temperature X- and Q-band EPR spectra of the dissolved dinitroxides provided spin-spin distances that were comparable with the theoretical values obtained by DFT. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed (quasi)reversible electrochemical behavior for PROXYL-derived biradicals, whereas significant loss of the reversibility was found for TEMPO-containing bi- and polyradicals. The inhibitory activities of the nitroxides against model bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi were assessed.
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Eibel A, Fast DE, Sattelkow J, Zalibera M, Wang J, Huber A, Müller G, Neshchadin D, Dietliker K, Plank H, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Wellenlängenselektive freie radikalische Photopolymerisation zur einfachen Herstellung von Sternpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Eibel A, Fast DE, Sattelkow J, Zalibera M, Wang J, Huber A, Müller G, Neshchadin D, Dietliker K, Plank H, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Star-shaped Polymers through Simple Wavelength-Selective Free-Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14306-14309. [PMID: 28857401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers represent highly desired materials in nanotechnology and life sciences, including biomedical applications (e.g., diagnostic imaging, tissue engineering, and targeted drug delivery). Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of wavelength-selective multifunctional photoinitiators (PIs) that contain a bisacylphosphane oxide (BAPO) group and an α-hydroxy ketone moiety within one molecule. By using three different wavelengths, these photoactive groups can be selectively addressed and activated, thereby allowing the synthesis of ABC-type miktoarm star polymers through a simple, highly selective, and robust free-radical polymerization method. The photochemistry of these new initiators and the feasibility of this concept were investigated in unprecedented detail by using various spectroscopic techniques.
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Büchel GE, Kossatz S, Sadique A, Rapta P, Zalibera M, Bucinsky L, Komorovsky S, Telser J, Eppinger J, Reiner T, Arion VB. cis-Tetrachlorido-bis(indazole)osmium(iv) and its osmium(iii) analogues: paving the way towards the cis-isomer of the ruthenium anticancer drugs KP1019 and/or NKP1339. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11925-11941. [PMID: 28850133 PMCID: PMC5605806 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cis-trans isomerism and anticancer activity has been mainly addressed for square-planar metal complexes, in particular, for platinum(ii), e.g., cis- and trans-[PtCl2(NH3)2], and a number of related compounds, of which, however, only cis-counterparts are in clinical use today. For octahedral metal complexes, this effect of geometrical isomerism on anticancer activity has not been investigated systematically, mainly because the relevant isomers are still unavailable. An example of such an octahedral complex is trans-[RuCl4(Hind)2]-, which is in clinical trials now as its indazolium (KP1019) or sodium salt (NKP1339), but the corresponding cis-isomers remain inaccessible. We report the synthesis of Na[cis-OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]·(Na[1]) suggesting a route to the cis-isomer of NKP1339. The procedure involves heating (H2ind)[OsIVCl5(κN1-2H-ind)] in a high boiling point organic solvent resulting in an Anderson rearrangement with the formation of cis-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-ind)2] ([1]) in high yield. The transformation is accompanied by an indazole coordination mode switch from κN1 to κN2 and stabilization of the 1H-indazole tautomer. Fully reversible spectroelectrochemical reduction of [1] in acetonitrile at 0.46 V vs. NHE is accompanied by a change in electronic absorption bands indicating the formation of cis-[OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]- ([1]-). Chemical reduction of [1] in methanol with NaBH4 followed by addition of nBu4NCl afforded the osmium(iii) complex nBu4N[cis-OsIIICl4(κN2-1H-ind)2] (nBu4N[1]). A metathesis reaction of nBu4N[1] with an ion exchange resin led to the isolation of the water-soluble salt Na[1]. The X-ray diffraction crystal structure of [1]·Me2CO was determined and compared with that of trans-[OsIVCl4(κN2-1H-ind)2]·2Me2SO (2·2Me2SO), also prepared in this work. EPR spectroscopy was performed on the OsIII complexes and the results were analyzed by ligand-field and quantum chemical theories. We furthermore assayed effects of [1] and Na[1] on cell viability and proliferation in comparison with trans-[OsIVCl4(κN1-2H-ind)2] [3] and cisplatin and found a strong reduction of cell viability at concentrations between 30 and 300 μM in different cancer cell lines (HT29, H446, 4T1 and HEK293). HT-29 cells are less sensitive to cisplatin than 4T1 cells, but more sensitive to [1] and Na[1], as shown by decreased proliferation and viability as well as an increased late apoptotic/necrotic cell population.
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Eibel A, Schmallegger M, Zalibera M, Huber A, Bürkl Y, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Extending the Scope of Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides: Additional Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Darvasiová D, Barberiková Z, Eibel A, Schmallegger M, Gescheidt G, Zalibera M, Neshchadin D. Probing the first steps of photoinduced free radical polymerization at water–oil interfaces. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01414g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil-soluble photoinitiators can initiate free radical polymerization in the aqueous phase of microemulsions with high efficiency.
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Milić J, Zalibera M, Pochorovski I, Trapp N, Nomrowski J, Neshchadin D, Ruhlmann L, Boudon C, Wenger OS, Savitsky A, Lubitz W, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. Paramagnetic Molecular Grippers: The Elements of Six-State Redox Switches. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2470-2477. [PMID: 27300355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of semiquinone-based resorcin[4]arene cavitands expands the toolbox of switchable molecular grippers by introducing the first paramagnetic representatives. The semiquinone (SQ) states were generated electrochemically, chemically, and photochemically. We analyzed their electronic, conformational, and binding properties by cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectroelectrochemistry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and transient absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The utility of UV/vis spectroelectrochemistry and EPR spectroscopy in evaluating the conformational features of resorcin[4]arene cavitands is demonstrated. Guest binding properties were found to be enhanced in the SQ state as compared to the quinone (Q) or the hydroquinone (HQ) states of the cavitands. Thus, these paramagnetic SQ intermediates open the way to six-state redox switches provided by two conformations (open and closed) in three redox states (Q, SQ, and HQ) possessing distinct binding ability. The switchable magnetic properties of these molecular grippers and their responsiveness to electrical stimuli has the potential for development of efficient molecular devices.
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Wang F, Büchel R, Savitsky A, Zalibera M, Widmann D, Pratsinis SE, Lubitz W, Schüth F. In Situ EPR Study of the Redox Properties of CuO–CeO2 Catalysts for Preferential CO Oxidation (PROX). ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zalibera M, Machata P, Clikeman TT, Rosenkranz M, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV, Popov AA. (19)F NMR-, ESR-, and vis-NIR-spectroelectrochemical study of the unconventional reduction behaviour of a perfluoroalkylated fullerene: dimerization of the C70(CF3)10(-) radical anion. Analyst 2016; 140:7209-16. [PMID: 26359514 PMCID: PMC4910863 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
19F NMR spectroelectrochemistry is applied to study the reduction mechanism of perfluoroalkylated fullerene C70(CF3)10.
The most abundant isomer of C70(CF3)10 (70-10-1) is a rare example of a perfluoroalkylated fullerene exhibiting electrochemically irreversible reduction. We show that electrochemical reversibility at the first reduction step is achieved at scan rates higher than 500 V s–1. Applying ESR-, vis-NIR-, and 19F NMR-spectroelectrochemistry, as well as mass spectrometry and DFT calculations, we show that the (70-10-1)– radical monoanion is in equilibrium with a singly-bonded diamagnetic dimeric dianion. This study is the first example of 19F NMR spectroelectrochemistry, which promises to be an important method for the elucidation of redox mechanisms of fluoroorganic compounds. Additionally, we demonstrate the importance of combining different spectroelectrochemical methods and quantitative analysis of the transferred charge and spin numbers in the determination of the redox mechanism.
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Keller K, Zalibera M, Qi M, Koch V, Wegner J, Hintz H, Godt A, Jeschke G, Savitsky A, Yulikov M. EPR characterization of Mn(ii) complexes for distance determination with pulsed dipolar spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25120-25135. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
EPR properties of four Mn(ii) complexes and Tikhonov regularization-based analysis of RIDME data containing dipolar overtones are presented.
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38
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Fast DE, Zalibera M, Lauer A, Eibel A, Schweigert C, Kelterer AM, Spichty M, Neshchadin D, Voll D, Ernst H, Liang Y, Dietliker K, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Bis(mesitoyl)phosphinic acid: photo-triggered release of metaphosphorous acid in solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9917-20. [PMID: 27431207 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a photo-triggered, two-step fragmentation mechanism generating metaphosphorous acid.
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39
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Gawel P, Wu YL, Finke AD, Trapp N, Zalibera M, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Schweizer WB, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. Push-Pull Buta-1,2,3-trienes: Exceptionally Low Rotational Barriers of Cumulenic CC Bonds and Proacetylenic Reactivity. Chemistry 2015; 21:6215-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Müller G, Zalibera M, Gescheidt G, Rosenthal A, Santiso-Quinones G, Dietliker K, Grützmacher H. Simple one-pot syntheses of water-soluble bis(acyl)phosphane oxide photoinitiators and their application in surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:553-7. [PMID: 25651079 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The sodium salt of the new bis(mesitoyl)phosphinic acid (BAPO-OH) can be prepared in a very efficient one-pot synthesis. It is well soluble in water and hydrolytically stable for at least several weeks. Remarkably, it acts as an initiating agent for the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of styrene to yield monodisperse, spherical nanoparticles. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR) and chemically induced electron polarisation (CIDEP) indicate preliminary mechanistic insights.
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Schweinfurth D, Zalibera M, Kathan M, Shen C, Mazzolini M, Trapp N, Crassous J, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. Helicene Quinones: Redox-Triggered Chiroptical Switching and Chiral Recognition of the Semiquinone Radical Anion Lithium Salt by Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13045-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5069323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Dengiz C, Dumele O, Kato SI, Zalibera M, Cias P, Schweizer WB, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. From Homoconjugated Push-Pull Chromophores to Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Spiro Systems by Thermal Rearrangement. Chemistry 2014; 20:1279-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Zalibera M, Stébé PN, Dietliker K, Grützmacher H, Spichty M, Gescheidt G. The Redox Chemistry of Mono- and Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Zalibera M, Nesvadba P, Gescheidt G. Reaction of benzopinacol with non-ionic bases: reversing the pinacol coupling. Org Lett 2013; 15:4627-9. [PMID: 24007536 DOI: 10.1021/ol402253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of benzopinacol with the non-ionic bases butyllithium and phosphazene P4 leads to the formation of the corresponding ketyl radical anions, which have been characterized by EPR/ENDOR spectroscopy. This conversion has a high efficiency. Such a reversed pinacol reaction can be used for a controlled release of ketyl radicals. Moreover, the nature of the base has a marked effect on the association of the ketyl radical anion and the counterions. This illustrates the importance of ion pairing for reductive coupling.
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Zalibera M, Jalilov AS, Stoll S, Guzei IA, Gescheidt G, Nelsen SF. Monotrimethylene-Bridged Bis-p-phenylenediamine Radical Cations and Dications: Spin States, Conformations, and Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Finke AD, Dumele O, Zalibera M, Confortin D, Cias P, Jayamurugan G, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Schweizer WB, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. 6,6-Dicyanopentafulvenes: electronic structure and regioselectivity in [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18139-46. [PMID: 23043246 DOI: 10.1021/ja309141r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present an investigation of the electronic properties and reactivity behavior of electron-accepting 6,6-dicyanopentafulvenes (DCFs). The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the radical anion of a tetrakis(silylalkynyl) DCF, generated by Na metal reduction, show delocalization of both the charge and unpaired electron to the nitrogens of the cyano moieties and also, notably, to the silicon atoms of the four alkynyl moieties. By contrast, in the radical anion of the previously reported tetraphenyl DCF, coupling to the four phenyl rings is strongly attenuated. The data provide physical evidence for the different conjugation between the DCF core and the substituents in both systems. We also report the preparation of new fulvene-based push-pull chromophores via formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction of DCFs with electron-rich alkynes. Alkynylated and phenylated DCFs show opposite regioselectivity of the cycloaddition, which can be explained by the differences in electronic communication between substituents and the DCF core as revealed in the EPR spectra of the radical anions.
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47
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Staško A, Lušpai K, Barbieriková Z, Rimarčík J, Vagánek A, Lukeš V, Bella M, Milata V, Zalibera M, Rapta P, Brezová V. Stable Radical Trianions from Reversibly Formed Sigma-Dimers of Selenadiazoloquinolones Studied by In Situ EPR/UV–vis Spectroelectrochemistry and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9919-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Breiten B, Jordan M, Taura D, Zalibera M, Griesser M, Confortin D, Boudon C, Gisselbrecht JP, Schweizer WB, Gescheidt G, Diederich F. Donor-Substituted Octacyano[4]dendralenes: Investigation of π-Electron Delocalization in Their Radical Ions. J Org Chem 2012; 78:1760-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301194y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Staško A, Zalibera M, Barbieriková Z, Rimarčík J, Lukeš V, Bella M, Milata V, Brezová V. Anodic oxidation of selenadiazoloquinolones in alkaline media. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:168-174. [PMID: 21246625 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Newly synthesized derivatives of 6-oxo-6,9-dihydro[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-h]quinoline variously substituted at position 7 (R = H, COOH, COCH(3), CN, COOC(2)H(5) and COOCH(3)) are established in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions (0.1 M NaOH; pH ∼ 13) as N(9)-deprotonated structures, but in less alkaline solutions (0.001 M NaOH; pH ∼ 11) the N(9)-protonated oxo tautomeric forms dominate. Upon their anodic oxidation in alkaline solutions, the selenadiazole ring is replaced, forming instead the paramagnetic species analogous to the ortho semiquinone radical anions as monitored by in situ EPR spectroscopy. The quantum chemical calculations for two representative selenadiazoloquinolones (R = H and COOH) and their anodic oxidation products presented are in agreement with experiments.
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Zalibera M, Rapta P, Staško A, Brindzová L, Brezová V. Thermal generation of stable spin trap adducts with super-hyperfine structure in their EPR spectra: An alternative EPR spin trapping assay for radical scavenging capacity determination in dimethylsulphoxide. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:457-69. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760902846140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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