MARGINAL MICROLEAKAGE PROPERTIES OF ACTIVA BIOACTIVE RESTORATIVE AND NANOHYBRID COMPOSITE RESIN USING TWO DIFFERENT ADHESIVES IN NON CARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS - AN IN VITRO STUDY

BACKGROUND

In clinical practice, the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions is a challenge, because most of the time the cervical margin is located in cementum or dentin. This characteristic makes the cervical margin more susceptible to microleakage, causing cavosurface stains, postoperative sensitivity and also favours the incidence of carious lesions.

AIM

To compare and evaluate the microleakage in class V lesions restored with Activa Bioactive restorative and nanohybrid composite resin using two different bonding agents.

METHODOLOGY

In this study, 50 class V cavities were prepared in freshly extracted teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10), depending on the type of restorative material and bonding agent: Group 1 - Activa Bioactive (Pulpdent, USA) + No bonding, Group 2 - Activa Bioactive + Tetric N Bond (Ivoclar Vivadent, Colombia),Group 3 - Activa Bioactive + G Bond (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), Group 4 - Nanohybrid Composite (Ivoclar Vivadent, Colombia) + Tetric N Bond, Group 5 - Nanohybrid Composite + G Bond. The samples were restored with their respective material based on the group. After curing all the specimens were subjected to thermocycling and cyclic loading. Specimens were stained with 2% rhodamin b dye and evaluated for dye penetration.

RESULTS

Results were obtained based on Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U- test.

CONCLUSION

Within the limitations of this study, none of the materials were free from microleakage. All the materials showed more microleakage at gingival margins compared to occlusal margins. Among all the groups Activa Bioactive restorative when used in combination with Tetric N Bond showed the least microleakage.

Cutting Edge: ACVRL1 Signaling Augments CD8α+ Dendritic Cell Development

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a collection of different subtypes, each of which is characterized by specific surface markers, gene-expression patterns, and distinct functions. Members of the IFN regulatory factor family play critical roles in DC development and functions. Recently, Irf8 was shown to activate TGF-β signaling, which led to exacerbated neuroinflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. We analyzed the effect of Irf8 on TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway-specific genes in DCs and identified Acvrl1, a type I TGF-β superfamily receptor, as a gene strongly induced by Irf8 expression. Among various DC subtypes, Acvrl1 is differentially expressed in CD8α(+) DCs. ACVRL1 signaling augmented Irf8-directed classical CD8α(+) DC development. Irf8 expression is essential for plasmacytoid DC and CD8α(+) DC development, and this study demonstrates that ACVRL1 signaling plays a pivotal role whereby it suppresses plasmacytoid DC development while enhancing that of CD8α(+) DCs, thus contributing to DC diversity development.

I. Nair V, Thomas V, Raj N, P. Ramakrishnan S, Khan J, Kaushik M, K. Dhar P, S. Nair A. Function annotation of peptides generated from the non-coding regions of D. melanogaster genome

De novo emergence of genes is the most fundamental form of genetic diversity that is attracting the attention of the scientific community. Identification of short open reading frames (sORFs) from the non-coding regions of different genomes has been leading this thought recently. The coding potential of these newly identified sORFs have been investigated through experimental and computational approaches in recent studies. In the present work we have tried to make peptides from intergenic sequences of D. melanogaster genome leading to therapeutic applications. Towards this goal of making novel peptides from non-coding genome, we have found strong computational evidence of 145 peptides with conformational stability from the intergenic sequences of D. melanogaster. The structure of these completely unique peptides was predicted using ab initio method. The function annotation of these peptides was carried out using this structural information. The newly generated proteins were categorised as DNA/Protein/ion binding proteins, electron transporters and a very few as enzymes too. Experimental studies can certainly provide validations to these preliminary findings. This work provides further evidence of untapped potential of non-coding genome.

What makes a feline fatal in Toxoplasma gondii's fatal feline attraction? Infected rats choose wild cats

Toxoplasma gondii is an indirectly transmitted protozoan parasite, of which members of the cat family (Felidae) are the only definitive hosts and small mammals such as rats serve as intermediate hosts. The innate aversion of rodents to cat odor provides an obstacle for the parasite against successful predation by the feline definitive host. Previous research has demonstrated that T. gondii appears to alter a rat's perception of the risk of being preyed upon by cats. Although uninfected rats display normal aversion to cat odor, infected rats show no avoidance and in some cases even show attraction to cat odor, which we originally termed the "Fatal Feline Attraction." In this study, we tested for the first time whether the "Fatal Feline Attraction" of T. gondii-infected rats differed according to the type of feline odor used, specifically whether it came from domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) or wild cats-cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) or pumas (Felis concolor). In two-choice odor trials, where wild and domestic cat odors were competed against one another, consistent with previous findings we demonstrated that infected rats spent more time in feline odor zones compared with uninfected rats. However, we further demonstrated that all cat odors are not equal: infected rats had a stronger preference for wild cat odor over that of domestic cats, an effect that did not differ significantly according to the type of wild cat odor used (cheetah or puma). We discuss these results in terms of the potential mechanism of action and their implications for the current and evolutionary role of wild, in addition to domestic, cats in transmission of T. gondii.

Fish bone perforation of the terminal ileum presenting as acute appendicitis

We report a case of a bowel perforation due to a fish bone that presented as an acute abdomen. This patient's gastrointestinal perforation was treated with laparoscopic and open technique. Diagnosis can be difficult as foreign body bowel perforation can mimic other causes of acute abdomen. Diagnosis is still most commonly made intraoperatively. Laparoscopy proved useful in this case as it allowed the most appropriate surgical approach to be made.

Large primary intraorbital hydatid cyst in elderly

We report a case of solitary, primary intraorbital hydatid cyst in a elderly female aged 80 years who presented with nontender, nonpulsatile proptosis of left eye with diminution of vision. MRI scan of the head and the orbits, revealed a retro-bulbar cyst. Surgical excision was performed by employing a lateral orbitotomy approach. Histopathology report confirmed hydatid cyst.

Batf3 and Id2 have a synergistic effect on Irf8-directed classical CD8α+ dendritic cell development

Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous cell populations represented by different subtypes, each varying in terms of gene expression patterns and specific functions. Recent studies identified transcription factors essential for the development of different DC subtypes, yet molecular mechanisms for the developmental program and functions remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed and characterized a mouse DC progenitor-like cell line, designated DC9, from Irf8(-/-) bone marrow cells as a model for DC development and function. Expression of Irf8 in DC9 cells led to plasmacytoid DCs and CD8α(+) DC-like cells, with a concomitant increase in plasmacytoid DC- and CD8α(+) DC-specific gene transcripts and induction of type I IFNs and IL12p40 following TLR ligand stimulation. Irf8 expression in DC9 cells led to an increase in Id2 and Batf3 transcript levels, transcription factors shown to be important for the development of CD8α(+) DCs. We show that, without Irf8, expression of Id2 and Batf3 was not sufficient for directing classical CD8α(+) DC development. When coexpressed with Irf8, Batf3 and Id2 had a synergistic effect on classical CD8α(+) DC development. We demonstrate that Irf8 is upstream of Batf3 and Id2 in the classical CD8α(+) DC developmental program and define the hierarchical relationship of transcription factors important for classical CD8α(+) DC development.

Abstract P1-14-15: Recent experience of neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to breast cancer subtype: experience from a large United Kindgom teaching hospital

INTRODUCTION: The most recent United Kingdom (NICE, 2009) guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy as the most appropriate initial treatment for locally advanced breast cancer followed by mastectomy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should also be offered to patients with early breast cancer who are considering breast conserving surgery that is not advisable at presentation. However, the evidence base is still gathering. This study reviews the recent experience of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a large United Kingdom breast unit according to breast cancer subtype.

METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer at University Hospitals of Leicester between January 2008 and March 2011. Patients were identified from the unit database. Breast cancers were typed according to immunehistochemical marker profile: luminal A (ER or PR positive, HER2 negative), luminal B (ER or PR positive, HER2 positive), triple negative (ER and PR negative, HER2 negative), and HER2 positive (ER and PR negative, HER2 positive).

RESULTS: Of 2,489 new patients with breast cancer seen during the study period, 153 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 20 patients had lobular-type cancers, and the remaining 133 patients had ductal- or mixed-type histology. 101 patients had locally advanced disease and 52 patients presented as early breast cancer. 24 of all patients (15 %) achieved complete pathological response. 18 patients (12 %) never proceeded to surgery, eight of whom died during the study period. In total to date, 23 patients (15 %) have died including one death due to complications from chemotherapy. Of 120 patients initially scheduled for mastectomy, the tumor was downsized in 26 patients (22 %) so that they were able to undergo breast conserving surgery (BCS), with margins involved in six patients. The outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to breast cancer subtype is presented (Tables 1 and 2).