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Papasimakis N, Fedotov VA, Zheludev NI, Prosvirnin SL. Metamaterial analog of electromagnetically induced transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:253903. [PMID: 19113710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.253903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in a planar metamaterial. We show that pulses propagating through such metamaterials experience considerable delay. The thickness of the structure along the direction of wave propagation is much smaller than the wavelength, which allows successive stacking of multiple metamaterial slabs leading to increased transmission and bandwidth.
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Schwanecke AS, Fedotov VA, Khardikov VV, Prosvirnin SL, Chen Y, Zheludev NI. Nanostructured metal film with asymmetric optical transmission. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2940-3. [PMID: 18720979 DOI: 10.1021/nl801794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time a nanostructured planar photonic metamaterial transmitting light differently in forward and backward directions.
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28
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Zheludev NI, Saltiel SM, Yankov P. Second harmonic generators as a new class of light polarizers and analyzers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/qe1987v017n07abeh009544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Aleksandrovskiĭ AL, Akhmanov SA, Dyakov VA, Zheludev NI, Pryalkin VI. Efficient nonlinear optical converters made of potassium titanyl phosphate crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/qe1985v015n07abeh007276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Fedotov VA, Rose M, Prosvirnin SL, Papasimakis N, Zheludev NI. Sharp trapped-mode resonances in planar metamaterials with a broken structural symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:147401. [PMID: 17930720 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.147401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report that a resonance response with a very high quality factor can be achieved in a planar metamaterial by introducing symmetry breaking in the shape of its structural elements, which enables excitation of trapped modes, i.e., modes that are weakly coupled to free space.
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32
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Bashevoy MV, Jonsson F, Macdonald KF, Chen Y, Zheludev NI. Hyperspectral imaging of plasmonic nanostructures with nanoscale resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2007; 15:11313-11320. [PMID: 19547488 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.011313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first realization of a hyperspectral imaging technique for surface plasmon polaritons on metallic nanostructures. The technique uses a scanning electron beam and allows for simple visualization of light emission from decoupled plasmons, providing information on decay lengths and feature sizes with nanometer resolution.
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33
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Schwanecke AS, Fedotov VA, Khardikov VV, Prosvirnin SL, Chen Y, Zheludev NI. Optical magnetic mirrors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/9/1/l01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Soares BF, Bashevoy MV, Jonsson F, Macdonald KF, Zheludev NI. Polymorphic nanoparticles as all-optical memory elements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2006; 14:10652-10656. [PMID: 19529470 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A nanoparticle undergoing light-induced transformations between structural phases with different optical properties is an inheritably bistable structure and this bistability can be used to create a resonator-free optical memory element, operating at very low power levels. We experimentally demonstrate this memory functionality using a film of gallium nanoparticles, and we present a method for differentially accessing the logic state of the memory using a modulated optical probe beam.
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Rogacheva AV, Fedotov VA, Schwanecke AS, Zheludev NI. Giant gyrotropy due to electromagnetic-field coupling in a bilayered chiral structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:177401. [PMID: 17155505 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental evidence that electromagnetic coupling between physically separated planar metal patterns located in parallel planes provides for extremely strong polarization rotatory power if one pattern is twisted with respect to the other, creating a chiral object. In terms of a rotary power per sample thickness equal to one wavelength, the bilayered structure rotates 5 orders of magnitude stronger than a gyrotropic crystal of quartz in the visible spectrum.
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Fedotov VA, Mladyonov PL, Prosvirnin SL, Rogacheva AV, Chen Y, Zheludev NI. Asymmetric propagation of electromagnetic waves through a planar chiral structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:167401. [PMID: 17155432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report that normal incidence transmission of circularly polarized waves through the lossy anisotropic planar chiral structure is asymmetric in the opposite direction. The new effect is fundamentally distinct from conventional gyrotropy of bulk chiral media and the Faraday effect, where the eigenstates are a pair of counterrotating elliptical states, while the eigenstates of the lossy anisotropic planar chiral structure are two corotating elliptical polarizations.
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37
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Bashevoy MV, Jonsson F, Krasavin AV, Zheludev NI, Chen Y, Stockman MI. Generation of traveling surface plasmon waves by free-electron impact. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:1113-5. [PMID: 16771563 DOI: 10.1021/nl060941v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The injection of a beam of free 50 keV electrons into an unstructured gold surface creates a highly localized source of traveling surface plasmons with spectra centered below the surface plasmon resonance frequency. The plasmons were detected by a controlled decoupling into light with a grating at a distance from the excitation point. The dominant contribution to the plasmon generation appears to come from the recombination of d-band holes created by the electron beam excitation.
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Fedotov VA, Mladyonov PL, Prosvirnin SL, Zheludev NI. Planar electromagnetic metamaterial with a fish scale structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:056613. [PMID: 16383777 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.056613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a continuous electromagnetic metal planar metamaterial, which resembles a "fish scale" structure. Apart from the one isolated wavelength, it is highly transparent to electromagnetic radiation throughout a broad spectral range and becomes completely "invisible" at some frequency inflicting no transmission losses and phase delay. When the structure is superimposed on a metallic mirror it becomes a good broadband reflector everywhere apart from one wavelength where the reflectivity is small. At this wavelength the reflected wave shows no phase change with respect to the incident wave, thus resembling a reflection from a hypothetical zero refractive index material, or "magnetic wall." We also discovered that the structure acts as a local field concentrator and a resonant "amplifier" of losses in the underlying dielectric.
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Prosvirnin SL, Zheludev NI. Polarization effects in the diffraction of light by a planar chiral structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:037603. [PMID: 15903646 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.037603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We analyze polarization changes of light diffracted on a planar chiral array from the standpoint of the Lorentz reciprocity lemma and find biorthogonality in the polarization eigenstates for waves diffracting though the grating in the opposite direction. Both reciprocal and nonreciprocal components in the polarization azimuth rotation of the diffracted light are identified. The structural chirality of the array arrangement and the chirality of individual elements of the array give rise to polarization effects.
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Krasavin AV, Zayats AV, Zheludev NI. Active control of surface plasmon–polariton waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/7/2/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Pochon S, MacDonald KF, Knize RJ, Zheludev NI. Phase coexistence in gallium nanoparticles controlled by electron excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:145702. [PMID: 15089555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.145702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In gallium nanoparticles 100 nm in diameter grown on the tip of an optical fiber from an atomic beam we observed equilibrium coexistence of gamma, beta, and liquid structural phases that can be controlled by e-beam excitation in a highly reversible and reproducible fashion. With 2 keV electrons only 1 pJ of excitation energy per nanoparticle is needed to exercise control, with the equilibrium phase achieved in less than a few tenths of a microsecond. The transformations between coexisting phases are accompanied by a continuous change in the nanoparticle film's reflectivity.
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Schwanecke AS, Krasavin A, Bagnall DM, Potts A, Zayats AV, Zheludev NI. Broken time reversal of light interaction with planar chiral nanostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:247404. [PMID: 14683156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.247404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report unambiguous experimental evidence of broken time-reversal symmetry for the interaction of light with an artificial nonmagnetic material. Polarized color images of planar chiral gold-on-silicon nanostructures consisting of arrays of gammadions show intriguing and unusual symmetry: structures, which are geometrically mirror images, lose their mirror symmetry in polarized light. The symmetry of images can be described only in terms of antisymmetry (black-and-white symmetry) appropriate to a time-odd process. The effect results from a transverse chiral nonlocal electromagnetic response of the structure and has some striking resemblance with the expected features of light scattering on anyon matter.
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Potts A, Bagnall DM, Zheludev NI. A new model of geometric chirality for two-dimensional continuous media and planar meta-materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/6/2/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Fedotov VA, Emel yanov VI, MacDonald KF, Zheludev NI. Optical properties of closely packed nanoparticle films: spheroids and nanoshells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/6/2/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Zheludev NI, Emel yanov VI. Phase matched second harmonic generation from nanostructured metallic surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/6/1/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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MacDonald KF, Fedotov VA, Pochon S, Soares BF, Zheludev NI, Guignard C, Mihaescu A, Besnard P. Oscillating bubbles at the tips of optical fibers in liquid nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 68:027301. [PMID: 14525154 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.027301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Revised: 03/31/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report that a bubble with a radius of a few micrometers may be created at a precise location on a metal-coated optical fiber tip immersed in liquid nitrogen by microsecond optical pulses with peak powers of less than 20 mW. Dynamic optical measurements reveal that after termination of the optical pulse the bubble exhibits stable oscillations for several tens of microseconds, at frequencies up to several megahertz, as it slowly collapses.
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Papakostas A, Potts A, Bagnall DM, Prosvirnin SL, Coles HJ, Zheludev NI. Optical manifestations of planar chirality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:107404. [PMID: 12689032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report that planar chiral structures affect the polarization state of light in a manner similar to three-dimensional chiral (optical active) media. In experiments with artificial metal-on-silicon chiral planar gratings of 442 wallpaper group symmetry, containing millions of chiral elements per square centimeter, we observed rotation of the polarization azimuth in excess of 30 degrees of light diffracted from it. The rotation was found to change its sign for two enantiomeric forms of the media and to have components associated with both the structural arrangement and the chirality of individual structural elements.
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48
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Rode AV, Samoc M, Luther-Davies B, Gamaly EG, Macdonald KF, Zheludev NI. Dynamics of light-induced reflectivity switching in gallium films deposited on silica by pulsed laser ablation: errata. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:852. [PMID: 18040472 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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49
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Rode AV, Samoc M, Luther-Davies B, Gamaly EG, Macdonald KF, Zheludev NI. Dynamics of light-induced reflectivity switching in gallium films deposited on silica by pulsed laser ablation. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:441-443. [PMID: 18040347 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present what is to our knowledge the first experimental study of light-induced reflectivity changes at an alpha-Ga/Si interface irradiated by femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses. After exposure, the reflectivity can increase from R?0.55 , which is typical for alpha-Ga , to R?0.8 , which is close to that of liquid Ga. The initial step in the reflectivity change of 2-4 ps is resolved with 150-fs laser pulses. The light-induced reflectivity change relaxes during 100ns-10 mus , depending strongly on the background temperature of the Ga mirror and the laser fluence.
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Albanis V, Bratfalean RT, Dhanjal S, Zheludev NI, Emel'yanov VI, Petropoulos P, Richardson DJ. Light-induced specular-reflectivity suppression at a gallium/silica interface. OPTICS LETTERS 2000; 25:1594-1596. [PMID: 18066287 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.001594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reflectivity of a gallium/silica interface formed on an optical flat or at the tip of a cleaved optical fiber can be reduced in a reversible fashion when the interface is excited by a few milliwatts of laser power. This phenomenon occurs at temperatures just below gallium's melting point. We believe that the effect can be attributed to light-induced structuring at the interface.
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