26
|
Dicken AJ, Evans JPO, Rogers KD, Greenwood C, Godber SX, Prokopiou D, Stone N, Clement JG, Lyburn I, Martin RM, Zioupos P. Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction using an annular beam. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:13443-13454. [PMID: 26074592 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate material phase identification by measuring polychromatic diffraction spots from samples at least 20 mm in diameter and up to 10 mm thick with an energy resolving point detector. Within our method an annular X-ray beam in the form of a conical shell is incident with its symmetry axis normal to an extended polycrystalline sample. The detector is configured to receive diffracted flux transmitted through the sample and is positioned on the symmetry axis of the annular beam. We present the experiment data from a range of different materials and demonstrate the acquisition of useful data with sub-second collection times of 0.5 s; equating to 0.15 mAs. Our technique should be highly relevant in fields that demand rapid analytical methods such as medicine, security screening and non-destructive testing.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wood JJ, Kendall C, Hutchings J, Lloyd GR, Stone N, Shepherd N, Day J, Cook TA. Evaluation of a confocal Raman probe for pathological diagnosis during colonoscopy. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:732-8. [PMID: 24836008 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Raman spectroscopy of human tissue can provide a unique biochemical 'fingerprint' that alters with disease progression. Light incident on tissue is scattered and may be altered in wavelength, which can be represented as a Raman spectrum. A confocal fibreoptic Raman probe designed to fit down the accessory channel of a colonoscope has been constructed. This in-vitro study evaluated the accuracy of pathological diagnosis in the colon using probe-based Raman spectroscopy. METHOD Biopsy samples were collected at colonoscopy, snap frozen and stored at -80 °C. Raman spectra with 10-s and 1-s acquisition periods were measured with the probe tip in contact with the mucosal surface of thawed specimens. Mathematical modelling using principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis was used to correlate Raman spectra with histopathological diagnoses. RESULTS Three-hundred and seventy-five Raman spectra were measured from a total of 356 colon biopsies (81 of normal colon mucosa, 79 of hyperplastic polyps, 92 of adenomatous polyps, 64 of adenocarcinoma and 40 of ulcerative colitis) from 177 patients. Spectral classification accuracies comparing pathology pairs ranged from 72.1 to 95.9% for 10-s acquisitions and from 61.5 to 95.1% for 1-s acquisitions. For a three-group model of normal, adenomatous and adenocarcinoma tissue, accuracies were 74.1% for 10-s acquisitions and 63.5% for 1-s acquisitions. CONCLUSION The confocal Raman probe system can distinguish between different colorectal pathologies. The probe has potential to establish Raman spectroscopy as a clinical tool for instant diagnosis at colonoscopy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kerns S, Barnett G, Dorling L, Faschal L, Burnet N, Dunning A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Ostrer H, Parliament M, Pharoah P, Stock R, Stone N, Vega A, West C, Rosenstein B. Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Associated With Late Toxicity Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Through a Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
29
|
Audrain H, Kenward C, Lovell C, Green C, Ormerod A, Sansom J, Chowdhury M, Cooper S, Johnston G, Wilkinson M, King C, Stone N, Horne H, Holden C, Wakelin S, Buckley D. Allergy to oxidized limonene and linalool is frequent in the U.K. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:292-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Palombo F, Madami M, Stone N, Fioretto D. Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:729-33. [PMID: 24396853 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first application of confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopy to ex vivo human epithelial tissue - Barrett's oesophagus. This non-invasive label-free approach provides high-resolution mechanical mapping with chemical specificity, opening the route to a new integrated method for multiple biomedical and bioengineering applications, and potentially in vivo real-time diagnostics.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gorton RL, Ramnarain P, Barker K, Stone N, Rattenbury S, McHugh TD, Kibbler CC. Comparative analysis of Gram's stain, PNA-FISH and Sepsityper with MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of yeast direct from positive blood cultures. Mycoses 2014; 57:592-601. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Allmond JM, Stuchbery AE, Beene JR, Galindo-Uribarri A, Liang JF, Padilla-Rodal E, Radford DC, Varner RL, Ayres A, Batchelder JC, Bey A, Bingham CR, Howard ME, Jones KL, Manning B, Mueller PE, Nesaraja CD, Pain SD, Peters WA, Ratkiewicz A, Schmitt KT, Shapira D, Smith MS, Stone NJ, Stracener DW, Yu CH. Double-magic nature of 132Sn and 208Pb through lifetime and cross-section measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:172701. [PMID: 24836240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.172701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-neutron states in (133)Sn and (209)Pb, which are analogous to single-electron states outside of closed atomic shells in alkali metals, were populated by the ((9)Be, (8)Be) one-neutron transfer reaction in inverse kinematics using particle-γ coincidence spectroscopy. In addition, the s(1/2) single-neutron hole-state candidate in (131)Sn was populated by ((9)Be, (10)Be). Doubly closed-shell (132)Sn (radioactive) and (208)Pb (stable) beams were used at sub-Coulomb barrier energies of 3 MeV per nucleon. Level energies, γ-ray transitions, absolute cross sections, spectroscopic factors, asymptotic normalization coefficients, and excited-state lifetimes are reported and compared with shell-model expectations. The results include a new transition and precise level energy for the 3p(1/2) candidate in (133)Sn, new absolute cross sections for the 1h(9/2) candidate in (133)Sn and 3s(1/2) candidate in (131)Sn, and new lifetimes for excited states in (133)Sn and (209)Pb. This is the first report on excited-state lifetimes of (133)Sn, which allow for a unique test of the nuclear shell model and (132)Sn double-shell closure.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hayasaki K, Stone N, Loeb A. Tidal disruption flares from stars on eccentric orbits. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Kerns S, Stock R, Stone N, Rath L, Ostrer H, Rosenstein B. Genome Wide Association Study to Identify Genetic Variants Associated With Urinary Symptoms Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
Buckstein M, Kerns S, Stock R, Stone N, Rath L, Ostrer H, Rosenstein B. Genome-wide Association Study to Identify Genetic Variants Associated With the Development of Erectile Dysfunction Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
Ohtsubo T, Stone NJ, Stone JR, Towner IS, Bingham CR, Gaulard C, Köster U, Muto S, Nikolov J, Nishimura K, Simpson GS, Soti G, Veskovic M, Walters WB, Wauters F. Magnetic dipole moment of the doubly-closed-shell plus one proton nucleus 49Sc. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:032504. [PMID: 22861842 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.032504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus 49Sc, having a single f(7/2) proton outside doubly magic 48Ca (Z=20, N=28), is one of the very few isotopes which makes possible testing of the fundamental theory of nuclear magnetism. The magnetic moment has been measured by online β NMR of nuclei oriented at milli-Kelvin temperatures to be (+)5.616(25) μ(N). The result is discussed in terms of a detailed theory of the structure of the magnetic moment operator, showing excellent agreement with calculated departure from the f(7/2) Schmidt limit extreme single-particle value. The measurement completes the sequence of moments of Sc isotopes with even numbers of f(7/2) neutrons: the first such isotopic chain between two major shells for which a full set of moment measurements exists. The result further completes the isotonic sequence of ground-state moments of nuclei with an odd number of f(7/2) protons coupled to a closed subshell of f(7/2) neutrons. Comparison with a recent shell-model calculation of the latter sequence is made.
Collapse
|
37
|
Horsnell J, Kallaway C, Chan C, Bristol J, Court F, Stone N. 420 Real Time Assessment of Axillary Nodes Based On Molecular Differences Using Raman Spectroscopy. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
38
|
Buckstein M, Forsythe K, Stone N, Stock R. Pretreatment PSA Cutoff and Treatment Escalation for Low Risk Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treated with Brachytherapy Alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Horsnell J, Chan C, Bristol J, Court F, Stone N. Real Time Intraoperative Assessment of Axillary Lymph Nodes using Raman Spectroscopy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
40
|
El-Dars LD, Intzedy L, Stone N. Multiple pruritic nodules with central eschar. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:322-3. [PMID: 21418275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Horsnell J, Stonelake P, Shetty G, Christie-Brown J, Kendall C, Stone N. Raman Spectroscopy: A Promising Method of Assessing Axillary Lymph Nodes Even in the Presence of Blue Dye. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
42
|
Buckstein M, Forsythe K, Stone N, Stock R. Analysis of the Temporal Sequence of Selected Long-term Toxicities for Patients Treated with Brachytherapy or Brachytherapy Plus External Beam Radiation for Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Stone N. Developing risk awareness among young people: an essential component in preparing young people for the world of work. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
44
|
Grimbergen MCM, van Swol CFP, Kendall C, Verdaasdonk RM, Stone N, Bosch JLHR. Signal-to-noise contribution of principal component loads in reconstructed near-infrared Raman tissue spectra. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:8-14. [PMID: 20132590 DOI: 10.1366/000370210790572052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The overall quality of Raman spectra in the near-infrared region, where biological samples are often studied, has benefited from various improvements to optical instrumentation over the past decade. However, obtaining ample spectral quality for analysis is still challenging due to device requirements and short integration times required for (in vivo) clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy. Multivariate analytical methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), are routinely applied to Raman spectral datasets to develop classification models. Data compression is necessary prior to discriminant analysis to prevent or decrease the degree of over-fitting. The logical threshold for the selection of principal components (PCs) to be used in discriminant analysis is likely to be at a point before the PCs begin to introduce equivalent signal and noise and, hence, include no additional value. Assessment of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a certain peak or over a specific spectral region will depend on the sample measured. Therefore, the mean SNR over the whole spectral region (SNR(msr)) is determined in the original spectrum as well as for spectra reconstructed from an increasing number of principal components. This paper introduces a method of assessing the influence of signal and noise from individual PC loads and indicates a method of selection of PCs for LDA. To evaluate this method, two data sets with different SNRs were used. The sets were obtained with the same Raman system and the same measurement parameters on bladder tissue collected during white light cystoscopy (set A) and fluorescence-guided cystoscopy (set B). This method shows that the mean SNR over the spectral range in the original Raman spectra of these two data sets is related to the signal and noise contribution of principal component loads. The difference in mean SNR over the spectral range can also be appreciated since fewer principal components can reliably be used in the low SNR data set (set B) compared to the high SNR data set (set A). Despite the fact that no definitive threshold could be found, this method may help to determine the cutoff for the number of principal components used in discriminant analysis. Future analysis of a selection of spectral databases using this technique will allow optimum thresholds to be selected for different applications and spectral data quality levels.
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Day JCC, Bennett R, Smith B, Kendall C, Hutchings J, Meaden GM, Born C, Yu S, Stone N. A miniature confocal Raman probe for endoscopic use. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:7077-87. [PMID: 19904034 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/23/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying biochemical changes in the human body. We describe a miniature, confocal fibre optic probe intended to fit within the instrument channel of a standard medical endoscope. This probe has been optimized for the study of the carcinogenesis process of oesophageal malignancy. The optical design and fabrication of this probe is described including the anisotropic wet etching technique used to make silicon motherboards and jigs. Example spectra of PTFE reference samples are shown. Spectra with acquisition times as low as 2 s from resected oesophageal tissue are presented showing identifiable biochemical changes from various pathologies.
Collapse
|
47
|
Flanagan KT, Vingerhoets P, Avgoulea M, Billowes J, Bissell ML, Blaum K, Cheal B, De Rydt M, Fedosseev VN, Forest DH, Geppert C, Köster U, Kowalska M, Krämer J, Kratz KL, Krieger A, Mané E, Marsh BA, Materna T, Mathieu L, Molkanov PL, Neugart R, Neyens G, Nörtershäuser W, Seliverstov MD, Serot O, Schug M, Sjoedin MA, Stone JR, Stone NJ, Stroke HH, Tungate G, Yordanov DT, Volkov YM. Nuclear spins and magnetic moments of 71,73,75Cu: inversion of pi2p3/2 and pi1f5/2 levels in 75Cu. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:142501. [PMID: 19905565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the first confirmation of the predicted inversion between the pi2p3/2 and pi1f5/2 nuclear states in the nu(g)9/2 midshell. This was achieved at the ISOLDE facility, by using a combination of in-source laser spectroscopy and collinear laser spectroscopy on the ground states of 71,73,75Cu, which measured the nuclear spin and magnetic moments. The obtained values are mu(71Cu)=+2.2747(8)mu(N), mu(73Cu)=+1.7426(8)mu(N), and mu(75Cu)=+1.0062(13)mu(N) corresponding to spins I=3/2 for 71,73Cu and I=5/2 for 75Cu. The results are in fair agreement with large-scale shell-model calculations.
Collapse
|
48
|
Stone N. Abstract: 2 HISTORY OF NHLBI'S CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION PROGRAM, ATP I TO III. INSIGHTS GAINED. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Stone N. Abstract: 123 THE METABOLIC SYNDROME: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Stone N. Abstract: 571 TRANSLATING INTERVENTION INTO GUIDELINES. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|