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Hernandez EP, Kusakisako K, Talactac MR, Galay RL, Hatta T, Matsuo T, Fujisaki K, Tsuji N, Tanaka T. Characterization and expression analysis of a newly identified glutathione S-transferase of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis during blood-feeding. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:91. [PMID: 29422079 PMCID: PMC5806375 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites important economically and to health. Ticks consume large amounts of blood for their survival and reproduction; however, large amounts of iron in blood could lead to oxidative stress. Ticks use several molecules such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), ferritins, and peroxiredoxins to cope with oxidative stress. This study aimed to identify and characterize the GSTs of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis in order to determine if they have a role in coping with oxidative stress. Methods Genes encoding GSTs of H. longicornis were isolated from the midgut CDNA library. Genes have been cloned and recombinant GSTs have been expressed. The enzymatic activities, enzyme kinetic constants, and optimal pH of the recombinant GSTs toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were determined. The gene transcription and protein expression profiles were determined in the whole ticks and internal organs, and developmental stages using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting during blood feeding. The localization of GST proteins in organs was also observed using immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Results We have isolated two genes encoding GSTs (HlGST and HlGST2). The enzymatic activity toward CDNB is 9.75 ± 3.04 units/mg protein for recombinant HlGST and 11.63 ± 4.08 units/mg protein for recombinant HlGST2. Kinetic analysis of recombinant HlGST showed Km values of 0.82 ± 0.14 mM and 0.64 ± 0.32 mM for the function of CDNB and GSH, respectively. Meanwhile, recombinant HlGST2 has Km values of 0.61 ± 0.20 mM and 0.53 ± 0.02 mM for the function of CDNB and GSH, respectively. The optimum pH of recombinant HlGST and recombinant HlGST2 activity was 7.5–8.0. Transcription of both GSTs increases in different developmental stages and organs during blood-feeding. GST proteins are upregulated during blood-feeding but decreased upon engorgement in whole ticks and in some organs, such as the midgut and hemocytes. Interestingly, salivary glands, ovaries, and fat bodies showed decreasing protein expression during blood-feeding to engorgement. Varying localization of GSTs in the midgut, salivary glands, fat bodies, ovaries, and hemocytes was observed depending on the feeding state, especially in the midgut and salivary glands. Conclusions In summary, a novel GST of H. longicornis has been identified. Characterization of the GSTs showed that GSTs have positive correlation with the degree and localization of oxidative stress during blood-feeding. This could indicate their protective role during oxidative stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2667-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Hatta T, Okubo K, Sato M, Maeda H, Kume A, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Tsuji N, Fujisaki K, Inoue N, Suzuki H. Transovarial persistence of Babesia ovata DNA in a hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, in a semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding system. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:836-841. [PMID: 29035855 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine piroplasmosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease, is a major concern for the cattle industry worldwide due to its negative effects on livestock productivity. Toward the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine approaches, tick-parasite experimental models have been established to clarify the development of parasites in the ticks and the transmission of the parasites by ticks. A novel tick-Babesia experimental infection model recently revealed the time course of Babesia ovata migration in its vector Haemaphysalis longicornis, which is a dominant tick species in Japan. However, there has been no research on the transovarial persistence of B. ovata DNA using this experimental infection model. Here we assessed the presence of B. ovata DNA in eggs derived from parthenogenetic H. longicornis female ticks that had engorged after semi-artificial mouse skin membrane feeding of B. ovata-infected bovine red blood cells. The oviposition period of the engorged female ticks was 21-24 days in the semi-artificial feeding. Total egg weight measured daily reached a peak by day 3 in all female ticks. Nested PCR revealed that 3 of 10 female ticks laid B. ovata DNA-positive eggs after the semi-artificial feeding. In addition, B. ovata DNA was detected at the peak of egg weight during oviposition, indicating that B. ovata exist in the eggs laid a few days after the onset of oviposition in the tick. These findings will contribute to the establishment of B. ovata-infected H. longicornis colonies under laboratory conditions.
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Matsubayashi M, Matsuura Y, Nukata S, Daizi Y, Shibahara T, Teramoto I, Matsuo T, Uni S, Hatta T, Kaneko A, Tsuji N, Sasai K. First detection and molecular identification of Entamoeba bovis from Japanese cattle. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:339-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kumar K, Dashora A, Heda NL, Sakurai H, Tsuji N, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Ahuja BL. Temperature dependent magnetic Compton profiles and first-principles strategies of quaternary half-Heusler alloy Co 1-x Cu x MnSb(0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.8). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:425805. [PMID: 28805192 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa85f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependent experimental Compton profiles of quaternary alloys Co1-x Cu x MnSb (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.6 and 0.8) when decomposed into constituent profiles show that the sp-electron spin polarization is antiferromagnetically coupled to Mn-3d moments. The orbital magnetic moments derived from combination of magnetic Compton profiles (MCPs) and magnetization measurements are found to be small. Moreover, the first-principles full potential-linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) calculations have been performed to validate the experimental investigations of spin moments and half-Heusler properties. Present experimental and theoretical work show major role of Mn atoms in building-up the absolute spin moments. Our MCP data and spin-projected density of states derived from FP-LAPW computations show an increase in sp-d interaction in conduction region on increasing the Cu concentration. Further, Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-type hybridization and antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions are witnessed in the reported alloys.
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Tsubokawa D, Ishiwata K, Goso Y, Nakamura T, Hatta T, Ishihara K, Kanuka H, Tsuji N. Interleukin-13/interleukin-4 receptor pathway is crucial for production of Sd a-sialomucin in mouse small intestinal mucosa by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:731-734. [PMID: 28802865 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucin is a major component of mucus in gastrointestinal mucosa. Increase of specific sialomucins having Sda blood group antigen, NeuAcα2-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-, is considered to be associated with expulsion of the parasitic intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this study, we examined the relationship between interleukin (IL)-13 pathway and expression of Sda-sialomucins in small intestinal mucosa with N. brasiliensis infection. Nematode infection induced marked increases in small intestinal mucins that reacted with anti-Sda antibody in wild type (wt) mice. However, this increase due to infection was supressed in IL-4 receptor α deficient (IL-4Rα-/-) mice, which lack both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling via IL-4R, and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which have defects in B- and T-lymphocytes. Analysis using tandem mass spectroscopy showed that Sda-glycans were not expressed in small intestinal mucins in IL-4Rα-/- and SCID mice after infection despite the appearance of Sda-glycans in the infected wt mice. Inoculation of recombinant IL-13 into the infected SCID mice restored expression of Sda-glycan. Our results suggest that the IL-13/IL-4R axis is important for the production of Sda-sialomucins in the host intestinal mucosa with parasitic nematode infection.
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Tanaka M, Asakura Y, Uda T, Katahira K, Iwahara H, Tsuji N, Yamamoto I. Studies on Hydrogen Extraction Characteristics of Proton-Conducting Ceramics and Their Applications to a Tritium Recovery System and a Tritium Monitor. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Asakura Y, Sugiyama T, Kawano T, Uda T, Tanaka M, Tsuji N, Katahira K, Iwahara H. Application of New Technologies for Gaseous Tritium Recovery and Monitoring. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tsubokawa D, Hatta T, Kikuchi T, Maeda H, Mikami F, Alim MA, Maruyama H, Tsuji N. Venestatin, a Ca ++-binding protein from the parasitic nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis, is involved in the larval migration process. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:501-509. [PMID: 28347664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The secretory EF-hand Ca++-binding proteins act as calcium signaling molecules for control of cell functions, but those proteins from parasitic helminths are poorly understood. Here, we have identified and characterized an EF-hand Ca++-binding protein from the rodent nematode, Strongyloides venezuelensis, termed 'venestatin', which is highly conserved in Strongyloides spp. Canonical two EF-hand domains and a signal peptide are present in venestatin. A gel mobility shift assay and Ruthenium red staining indicated that the recombinant venestatin possesses binding ability with Ca++ ions. Endogenous venestatin was seemingly localized in the hypodermis and gut of the worms and was found in the excretory-secretory products. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data showed that venestatin-specific transcript was upregulated in the parasitic stages of S. venezuelensis, and the upregulation occurred promptly after larval invasion through the host's skin, but not in the case of in vitro incubation. Immunization of mice with recombinant venestatin caused a 55% reduction in larval migration to the lungs, and lung hemorrhaging was mild compared with non-immunized groups, suggesting that anti-venestatin sera may interfere with larval migration from skin to lung. Our results suggest that venestatin is secreted from the hypodermis and gut of S. venezuelensis, and has pivotal roles in larval migration.
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Tsubokawa D, Hatta T, Maeda H, Mikami F, Goso Y, Nakamura T, Alim MA, Tsuji N. A cysteine protease from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei plerocercoid is a critical factor for host tissue invasion and migration. Acta Trop 2017; 167:99-107. [PMID: 28012905 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sparganosis in humans caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is found worldwide, especially in Eastern Asia and the Far East. Previous studies have suggested that dissolution of plerocercoid body, plerocercoid invasion of host tissue, and migration are important processes for sparganosis progression. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes have yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrated the enzymatic property and involvement of a native 23kDa cysteine protease (Se23kCP), purified from plerocercoids, in sparganosis pathogenesis. Se23kCP is mature protease consisting of 216 amino acids and has a high sequence similarity with cathepsin L in various organisms. Se23kCP conjugated with N-glycans, which have a core fucose residue. Both cysteine and serine protease-specific activities were determined in Se23kCP and their optimal pHs were found to be different, indicating that Se23kCP has a wide range of substrate specificity. Se23kCP was secreted from tegumental vacuoles of the plerocercoid to host subcutaneous tissues and degraded human structural proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin. In addition, the plerocercoid body was lysed by Se23kCP, which facilitated larval invasion of host tissue. Our findings suggest that Se23kCP induces host tissue invasion and migration, and might be an essential molecule for sparganosis onset and progression.
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Matsuura Y, Matsubayashi M, Nukata S, Shibahara T, Ayukawa O, Kondo Y, Matsuo T, Uni S, Furuya M, Tani H, Tsuji N, Sasai K. Report of fatal mixed infection with Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in neonatal calves. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:214-220. [PMID: 28030344 PMCID: PMC7089474 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the production and management of beef and dairy cattle, controlling diarrhea is one of the important concerns. Pathogenic agents of the disease, protozoan parasites including Cryptosporidium spp., are difficult to control, making prevention, diagnoses, and treatment of diarrhea. In the present study, we investigated a farm with a history of calf deaths over a period of 10 years in order to determine the cause of disease and to clarify the detailed distribution of the pathogens. In four examined calves that were reared in calf pens, all were positive with Cryptosporidium and/or Giardia, while the other breeding stock and adult cattle were negative. Molecular analyses revealed that the isolates from calves were C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1 as a zoonotic and G. intestinalis assemblage E. Other pathogenic bacteria and diarrhea-causing viruses were not detected. After treating the calf pens with boiling water and milk of lime (Ca[OH]2), oocysts of C. parvum and cysts of G. intestinalis were not found and no additional calves died. This is the first report to describe the mixed infection of both parasites in Japan.
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Hatta T, Imamura K, Yamamoto T, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Tsutsui T. A Large-Scale Survey of Trichinella spp. Infection in Japanese Wild Boars. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:219-220. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maeda H, Hatta T, Alim MA, Tsubokawa D, Mikami F, Kusakisako K, Matsubayashi M, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Tsuji N, Tanaka T. Initial development of Babesia ovata in the tick midgut. Vet Parasitol 2016; 233:39-42. [PMID: 28043386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The initial development of Babesia ovata in the midgut of the vector tick Haemaphysalis longicornis has been demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Although the research on the partial developmental cycles of B. ovata in the tick midgut was performed in our previous study by using ticks fed on experimentally B. ovata-infected cattle, detailed information on the developmental stages of B. ovata in H. longicornis was limited. This report describes the sequential development of stages of B. ovata in an in vitro study using B. ovata-infected erythrocytes and tick midgut contents. The in vivo study also confirmed the developmental stages in the midgut contents of artificially B. ovata-infected ticks. In this observation, we have recognized the distinct forms of B. ovata developmental stages in the tick midgut; the aggregation forms and ray bodies with shorter spikes and light-stained cytoplasm were shown by Giemsa staining. The similarities and differences of the stages as compared to previous reports have been discussed.
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Yamazoe M, Kato T, Suzuki K, Adachi M, Shibayama A, Hoshi K, Itou M, Tsuji N, Sakurai Y, Sakurai H. Spin/orbital and magnetic quantum number selective magnetization measurements for CoFeB/MgO multilayer films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:436001. [PMID: 27602698 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/43/436001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin selective magnetic hysteresis (SSMH) curves, orbital selective magnetic hysteresis (OSMH) curves and magnetic quantum number selective SSMH curves are obtained for CoFeB/MgO multilayer films by combining magnetic Compton profile measurements and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer measurements. Although the SQUID magnetometer measurements do not show perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in the CoFeB/MgO multilayer film, PMA behavior is observed in the OSMH and SSMH curves for the |m| = 2 magnetic quantum number states. These facts indicate that magnetization switching behavior is dominated by the orbital magnetization of the |m| = 2 magnetic quantum number states.
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Dyck A, Tsuji N, Mauldin K, Barmore C, Pignotti G. The Effects of Budget-Friendly Cooking Classes on Students' Beliefs, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Behavior Regarding Healthy Eating. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Matsubayashi M, Minoura C, Kimura S, Tani H, Furuya M, Lillehoj HS, Matsuda H, Takenaka S, Hatta T, Tsuji N, Sasai K. Identification of Eimeria acervulina conoid antigen using chicken monoclonal antibody. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4123-4128. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Matsubayashi M, Kawahara F, Hatta T, Yamagishi J, Miyoshi T, Anisuzzaman, Sasai K, Isobe T, Kita K, Tsuji N. Transcriptional profiles of virulent and precocious strains of Eimeria tenella at sporozoite stage; novel biological insight into attenuated asexual development. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 40:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mito M, Matsui H, Yoshida T, Anami T, Tsuruta K, Deguchi H, Iwamoto T, Terada D, Miyajima Y, Tsuji N. Contactless electrical conductivity measurement of metallic submicron-grain material: Application to the study of aluminum with severe plastic deformation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053905. [PMID: 27250440 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We measured the electrical conductivity σ of aluminum specimen consisting of submicron-grains by observing the AC magnetic susceptibility resulting from the eddy current. By using a commercial platform for magnetic measurement, contactless measurement of the relative electrical conductivity σn of a nonmagnetic metal is possible over a wide temperature (T) range. By referring to σ at room temperature, obtained by the four-terminal method, σn(T) was transformed into σ(T). This approach is useful for cylinder specimens, in which the estimation of the radius and/or volume is difficult. An experiment in which aluminum underwent accumulative roll bonding, which is a severe plastic deformation process, validated this method of evaluating σ as a function of the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries.
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Talactac MR, Yoshii K, Maeda H, Kusakisako K, Hernandez EP, Tsuji N, Fujisaki K, Galay RL, Tanaka T, Mochizuki M. Virucidal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis longicin P4 peptide against tick-borne encephalitis virus surrogate Langat virus. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:59. [PMID: 26830840 PMCID: PMC4736483 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longicin is a defensin-like peptide, identified from the midgut epithelium of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Several studies have already shown the antimicrobial and parasiticidal activities of longicin peptide and one of its synthetic partial analogs, longicin P4. In this study, longicin peptides were tested for potential antiviral activity against Langat virus (LGTV), a tick-borne flavivirus. Methods Longicin P1 and P4 peptides were chemically synthesized. Antiviral activity of the longicin peptides against LGTV was evaluated through in vitro virucidal assays, wherein the antiviral efficacy was determined by reduction in number of viral foci and virus yield. Additionally, longicin P4 was also tested for its activity against human adenovirus, a non-enveloped virus. Lastly, to assess the importance of longicin on the innate antiviral immunity of H. longicornis ticks, gene silencing through RNAi was performed. Results Longicin P4 produced significant viral foci reduction and lower virus yield against LGTV, while longicin P1 failed to demonstrate the same results. Conversely, both longicin partial analogs (P1 and P4) did not show significant antiviral activity when tested on adenovirus. In addition, longicin-silenced ticks showed significantly higher virus titer after 7 days post-infection but a significantly lower titer was detected after an additional 14 days of observation as compared to the Luc dsRNA-injected ticks. Mortality in both groups did not show any significant difference. Conclusion Our results suggest that longicin P4 has in vitro antiviral activity against LGTV but not against a non-enveloped virus such as adenovirus. Likewise, though most cationic antimicrobial peptides like longicin act directly on target membranes, the exact mechanism of membrane targeting of longicin P4 in enveloped viruses, such as LGTV, requires further investigation. Lastly, while the in vitro virucidal capacity of longicin P4 was confirmed in this study, the role of the endogenous tick longicin in the antiviral defense of H. longicornis against LGTV still remains to be demonstrated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1344-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ji J, Zhang YX, Saito Y, Takada T, Tsuji N. Competitive and Predacious Interactions Among Three Phytoseiid Species Under Experimental Conditions (Acari: Phytoseiidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:46-52. [PMID: 26496951 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of competition on species that coexist with similar ecological niches is an important theme in ecology. Furthermore, species displacement by introduced or invaded species is also an important environmental problem for biological control and conservation ecology. We tested whether two species of phytoseiids could coexist in closed cages with ample quantities of the extraguild prey species Carpoglyphus lactis (L.). Three species of phytoseiid mites-Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski (a species native to China), Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (both species were introduced from outside of China)-were tested under experimental conditions (25 ± 1°C, 90 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14:10 [L:D] h). With extraguild prey, we found that the numbers of a single population of each phytoseiid species (initial density of 10 females per cage) reached a plateau between 18 and 25 d after introduction into the experimental cages, suggesting that density-dependent factors were operating. In closed environments, one of these density-dependent factors might be cannibalism by these species. With regression analyses, Lotka-Volterra equations estimated the rate of population increase (r) and the carrying capacity (K) of each species with the data from observations on population dynamics. We next observed the interactions of two phytoseiid species with abundant extraguild prey. In all species combinations, one species went extinct and the other increased in population size, despite the availability of sufficient extraguild prey, suggesting some type of competition must have caused the extinctions. We suggested that intraguild predation is the most plausible hypothesis to explain the results.
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Kusakisako K, Masatani T, Miyata T, Galay RL, Maeda H, Talactac MR, Tsuji N, Mochizuki M, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Functional analysis of recombinant 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:16-23. [PMID: 26471013 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate haematophagous arthropods that feed on vertebrate blood containing high levels of iron. The host-derived iron reacts to oxygen in the tick's body, and then high levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), may be generated. High levels of H(2)O(2) cause oxidative stress to aerobic organisms. Therefore, antioxidant responses are necessary to control H(2)O(2). We focused on peroxiredoxins (Prxs), H(2)O(2) -scavenging enzymes. The sequence of Haemaphysalis longicornis 2-Cys Prx (HlPrx2) was identified from fat body cDNA libraries of this tick and recombinant HlPrx2 was then prepared using Escherichia coli. By comparison with the 2-Cys Prxs of other organisms, we found two conserved cysteines in HlPrx2, Cys51 and Cys172. We examined the antioxidant activity of HlPrx2 and mutant proteins produced by a single base substitution, converting one or both of these cysteines into serines. The assays revealed that proteins containing Cys51 showed antioxidant activity when H(2)O(2) was removed. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that only the wild-type HlPrx2 formed homodimers and that all of the proteins that we made had a high molecular weight peak. These results indicate that both Cys51 and Cys172 are essential for the dimerization of HlPrx2, whereas only the Cys51 residue is necessary for antioxidant activity.
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Tsubokawa D, Sugiyama H, Mikami F, Shibata K, Shibahara T, Fukuda K, Takamiya S, Yamasaki H, Nakamura T, Tsuji N. Collection methods of trematode eggs using experimental animal models. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:584-587. [PMID: 26792074 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although observing the eggs of human parasitic helminth is essential for medical education in parasitology, opportunities for collection of the eggs are limited. Collection of the eggs using experimental animal models is needed for a sustainable supply. The metacercariae of three trematode species, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai, were collected from the second intermediate hosts: freshwater crabs and fishes, which were obtained using online shopping in Japan, and inoculated to experimental animal rat and dog. Consequently, eggs of the three trematode species were obtained abundantly from the feces of the animals. The eggs are being used for student training in several Japanese universities. In this article, we introduce the collection procedures for trematode eggs.
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Vudriko P, Okwee-Acai J, Tayebwa DS, Byaruhanga J, Kakooza S, Wampande E, Omara R, Muhindo JB, Tweyongyere R, Owiny DO, Hatta T, Tsuji N, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Xuan X, Kanameda M, Fujisaki K, Suzuki H. Emergence of multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and its implication on chemical tick control in Uganda. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:4. [PMID: 26727991 PMCID: PMC4700616 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acaricide failure has been on the rise in the western and central cattle corridor of Uganda. In this study, we identified the tick species associated with acaricide failure and determined their susceptibility to various acaricide molecules used for tick control in Uganda. Methods In this cross sectional study, tick samples were collected and identified to species level from 54 purposively selected farms (from 17 districts) that mostly had a history of acaricide failure. Larval packet test was used to screen 31 tick populations from 30 farms for susceptibility at discriminating dose (DD) and 2 × DD of five panels of commercial acaricide molecules belonging to the following classes; amidine, synthetic pyrethroid (SP), organophosphate (OP) and OP-SP co-formulations (COF). Resistance was assessed based on World Health Organization criteria for screening insecticide resistance. Results Of the 1357 ticks identified, Rhipicephalus (Rhipicephalus) appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus were the major (95.6 %) tick species in farms sampled. Resistance against SP was detected in 90.0 % (27/30) of the tick populations tested. Worryingly, 60.0 % (18/30) and 63.0 % (19/30) of the above ticks were super resistant (0 % mortality) against 2 × DD cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. Resistance was also detected against COF (43.3 %), OP chlorfenvinphos (13.3 %) and amitraz (12.9 %). In two years, 74.1 % (20/27) of the farms had used two to three acaricide molecules, and 55.6 % (15/27) rotated the molecules wrongly. Multi-acaricide resistance (at least 2 molecules) was detected in 55.2 % (16/29) of the resistant Rhipicephalus ticks and significantly associated with R. decoloratus (p = 0.0133), use of both SP and COF in the last 2 years (p < 0.001) and Kiruhura district (p = 0.0339). Despite emergence of amitraz resistance in the greater Bushenyi area, it was the most efficacious molecule against SP and COF resistant ticks. Conclusion This study is the first to report emergence of super SP resistant and multi-acaricide resistant Rhipicephalus ticks in Uganda. Amitraz was the best acaricide against SP and COF resistant ticks. However, in the absence of technical interventions, farmer-led solutions aimed at troubleshooting for efficacy of multitude of acaricides at their disposal are expected to potentially cause negative collateral effects on future chemical tick control options, animal welfare and public health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1278-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abe M, Hagio S, Tsuji N, Kuroda Y, Hayashi S, Furukawa S. Immunohistochemical analysis of γH2AX, a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks, in the liver of genotoxic carcinogen-treated mice. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Matsuura T, Tsuji N, Mano H, Ozaki K. Pathogenesis of iridal coloboma in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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