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Nomura J, Busso N, Matsui C, Tsujimoto S, Shirakura T, Tamura M, Kobayashi T, So A, Yamanaka Y. Abstract 269: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition by Febuxostat Attenuates Experimental Atherosclerosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.34.suppl_1.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall. Multiple mechanisms are implicated in the inflammatory process, including oxidative stress. Xanthine oxidase (XO), which is converted from xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), is a major enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been reported to be involved in atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have examined whether XO contributes to atherosclerosis in mice and whether XO mediates cholesterol crystal (CC)-induced inflammation.
Approach and Results:
ApoE
-/-
mice fed a high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks (ApoE
-/-
) developed atherosclerotic plaques, increased ROS generation, increased tissue activities of XO/XDH, and endothelial dysfunction. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that XO/XDH were increased in macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques and in aortic endothelial cells. Febuxostat, a highly potent XO/XDH inhibitor, significantly attenuated plaque formation, decreased ROS generation, and improved endothelial dysfunction in ApoE
-/-
mice without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Additionally, in aorta from febuxostat-treated group, MCP-1 mRNA was significantly decreased whereas eNOS mRNA was increased. Furthermore, we examined the effects of febuxostat on CC-induced inflammation in macrophages. Febuxostat significantly inhibited CC-induced ROS formation as well as MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 production and its effects could be recapitulated by ROS scavengers.
Conclusions:
These results demonstrated that increased XO leads to ROS formation and contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction and macrophage inflammation, and that febuxostat may be a potential therapeutic agent to target inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Holzinger D, Nippe N, Vogl T, Marketon K, Mysore V, Weinhage T, Dalbeth N, Pool B, Merriman T, Baeten D, Ives A, Busso N, Foell D, Bas S, Gabay C, Roth J. Myeloid-Related Proteins 8 and 14 Contribute to Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystal-Induced Inflammation in Gout. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1327-39. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nasi S, Ea HK, Chobaz V, van Lent P, Lioté F, So A, Busso N. Dispensable role of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and MyD88-dependent toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2014; 81:320-4. [PMID: 24703622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of cell-membrane expressed TLRs and the signaling molecule MyD88 in a murine model of OA induced by knee menisectomy (surgical partial removal of the medial meniscus [MNX]). METHODS OA was induced in 8-10weeks old C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) female (n=7) mice and in knockout (KO) TLR-1 (n=7), -2 (n=8), -4 (n=9) -6 (n=5), MyD88 (n=8) mice by medial menisectomy, using the sham-operated contralateral knee as a control. Cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation were evaluated by knee joint histology using the OARSI scoring method. Apoptotic chondrocytes and cartilage metabolism (collagen II synthesis and MMP-mediated aggrecan degradation) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Operated knees exhibited OA features at 8weeks post-surgery compared to sham-operated ones. In menisectomized TLR-1, -2, -4, and -6 deficient mice, cartilage lesions, synovial inflammation and cartilage metabolism were similar to that in operated WT mice. Accordingly, using the same approach, we found no significant protection in MyD88-deficient mice in terms of OA progression as compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of TLRs or their signalling molecule MyD88 did not impact on the severity of experimental OA. Our results demonstrate that MyD88-dependent TLRs are not involved in this murine OA model. Moreover, the dispensable role of MyD88, which is also an adaptor for IL-1 receptor signaling, suggests that IL-1 is not a key mediator in the development of OA. This latter hypothesis is strengthened by the lack of efficiency of IL-1β antagonist in the treatment of OA.
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Nomura J, Busso N, Ives A, Matsui C, Tsujimoto S, Shirakura T, Tamura M, Kobayashi T, So A, Yamanaka Y. Xanthine oxidase inhibition by febuxostat attenuates experimental atherosclerosis in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4554. [PMID: 24686534 PMCID: PMC3971401 DOI: 10.1038/srep04554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease due to lipid deposition in the arterial wall. Multiple mechanisms participate in the inflammatory process, including oxidative stress. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show enhanced XO expression in macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaque and in aortic endothelial cells in ApoE(-/-) mice, and that febuxostat, a highly potent XO inhibitor, suppressed plaque formation, reduced arterial ROS levels and improved endothelial dysfunction in ApoE(-/-) mice without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. In vitro, febuxostat inhibited cholesterol crystal-induced ROS formation and inflammatory cytokine release in murine macrophages. These results demonstrate that in the atherosclerotic plaque, XO-mediated ROS formation is pro-inflammatory and XO-inhibition by febuxostat is a potential therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Holzinger D, Nippe N, Marketon K, Dalbeth N, Merriman T, Baeten D, Busso N, Vogl T, Foell D, Gabay C, Roth J. OP0099 Toll-like receptor 4 agonists MRP 8 and MRP 14 act as endogenous enhancers of MSU-crystal induced IL-1 secretion in vitro and reflect disease activity in gout patients in vivo. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Von Scheven-Gête A, Hofer M, Simon G, Busso N, Morris M, Vanoni F. PReS-FINAL-2325: Different phenotypes associated with Q703K variant of the NLRP3 gene. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC4044934 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s2-p315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Simon G, Busso N, von Scheven-Gete A, So A, Hofer M. PW03-004 - PFAPA patient’s serum sensitizes monocytes to LPS. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952961 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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von Scheven-Gête A, Moix I, Simon G, Busso N, Morris M, Hofer M. P03-002 - Different phenotypes associated with Q703K variant. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3953221 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Holzinger D, Nippe N, Vogl T, Marketon K, Mysore V, Weinhage T, Dalbeth N, Pool B, Merriman T, Baeten D, Ives A, Bagnoud N, Busso N, Foell D, Bas S, Gabay C, Roth J. OR6-004 – MRP8/14 promote MSU-crystal induced inflammation. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952172 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Simon G, Busso N, von Scheven-Gete A, Moix I, Morris M, So A, Hofer M. PW03-005 - NLRP3-Q705K monocytes do not produce more IL-1B. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3953179 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Nasi S, Ea HK, Lioté F, So A, Busso N. FRI0023 Toll-like receptors 1,2,4,6, MYD88, NALP3 and IL1A have no effect in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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So A, Ives A, Joosten LAB, Busso N. Targeting inflammasomes in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9:391-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ea HK, Chobaz V, Nguyen C, Nasi S, van Lent P, Daudon M, Dessombz A, Bazin D, McCarthy G, Jolles-Haeberli B, Ives A, Van Linthoudt D, So A, Lioté F, Busso N. Pathogenic role of basic calcium phosphate crystals in destructive arthropathies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57352. [PMID: 23468973 PMCID: PMC3585350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are commonly found in osteoarthritis (OA) and are associated with cartilage destruction. BCP crystals induce in vitro catabolic responses with the production of metalloproteases and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). In vivo, IL-1 production induced by BCP crystals is both dependant and independent of NLRP3 inflammasome. We aimed to clarify 1/ the role of BCP crystals in cartilage destruction and 2/ the role of IL-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome in cartilage degradation related to BCP crystals. METHODOLOGY PRINCIPAL FINDINGS synovial membranes isolated from OA knees were analysed by alizarin Red and FTIR. Pyrogen free BCP crystals were injected into right knees of WT, NLRP3 -/-, ASC -/-, IL-1α -/- and IL-1β-/- mice and PBS was injected into left knees. To assess the role of IL-1, WT mice were treated by intra-peritoneal injections of anakinra, the IL-1Ra recombinant protein, or PBS. Articular destruction was studied at d4, d17 and d30 assessing synovial inflammation, proteoglycan loss and chondrocyte apoptosis. BCP crystals were frequently found in OA synovial membranes including low grade OA. BCP crystals injected into murine knee joints provoked synovial inflammation characterized by synovial macrophage infiltration that persisted at day 30, cartilage degradation as evidenced by loss of proteoglycan staining by Safranin-O and concomitant expression of VDIPEN epitopes, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis. BCP crystal-induced synovitis was totally independent of IL-1α and IL-1β signalling and no alterations of inflammation were observed in mice deficient for components of the NLRP3-inflammasome, IL-1α or IL-1β. Similarly, treatment with anakinra did not prevent BCP crystal effects. In vitro, BCP crystals elicited enhanced transcription of matrix degrading and pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS SIGNIFICANCE intra-articular BCP crystals can elicit synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation suggesting that BCP crystals have a direct pathogenic role in OA. The effects are independent of IL-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Abstract
Significant scientific advances have been made over the last five years in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and understanding how monosodium urate (MSU) crystals provoke gout. New detection methods using ultrasound (US) have been evaluated and may become part of our routine diagnostic approach in a patient presenting with gout. This review will concentrate on the latest developments in the field, and discuss how these data may impact on clinical practice. Finally, a brief review of the therapeutic implications and new therapies that have become available will be presented.
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Kolly L, Busso N, von Scheven-Gete A, Bagnoud N, Moix I, Holzinger D, Simon G, Ives A, Guarda G, So A, Morris MA, Hofer M. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis syndrome is linked to dysregulated monocyte IL-1β production. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:1635-43. [PMID: 23006543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact pathogenesis of the pediatric disorder periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is unknown. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PFAPA might be due to dysregulated monocyte IL-1β production linked to genetic variants in proinflammatory genes. METHODS Fifteen patients with PFAPA syndrome were studied during and outside a febrile episode. Hematologic profile, inflammatory markers, and cytokine levels were measured in the blood. The capacity of LPS-stimulated PBMCs and monocytes to secrete IL-1β was assessed by using ELISA, and active IL-1β secretion was visualized by means of Western blotting. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to assess cytokine gene expression. DNA was screened for variants of the MEFV, TNFRSF1A, MVK, and NLRP3 genes in a total of 57 patients with PFAPA syndrome. RESULTS During a febrile attack, patients with PFAPA syndrome revealed significantly increased neutrophil counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, myeloid-related protein 8/14, and S100A12 levels compared with those seen outside attacks. Stimulated PBMCs secreted significantly more IL-1β during an attack (during a febrile episode, 575 ± 88 pg/mL; outside a febrile episode, 235 ± 56 pg/mL; P < .001), and this was in the mature active p17 form. IL-1β secretion was inhibited by ZYVAD, a caspase inhibitor. Similar results were found for stimulated monocytes (during a febrile episode, 743 ± 183 pg/mL; outside a febrile episode, 227 ± 92 pg/mL; P < .05). Genotyping identified variants in 15 of 57 patients, with 12 NLRP3 variants, 1 TNFRSF1A variant, 4 MEFV variants, and 1 MVK variant. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest that IL-1β monocyte production is dysregulated in patients with PFAPA syndrome. Approximately 20% of them were found to have NLRP3 variants, suggesting that inflammasome-related genes might be involved in this autoinflammatory syndrome.
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Kolly L, von Scheven-Gete A, Bagnoud N, Holzinger D, So A, Busso N, Hofer M. Sécrétion augmentée d’IL-1β par les lymphomonocytes de patients avec PFAPA au cours des poussées fébriles. Arch Pediatr 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Busso N, Ea HK. The mechanisms of inflammation in gout and pseudogout (CPP-induced arthritis). Reumatismo 2012; 63:230-7. [PMID: 22303529 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2011.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have stimulated new interest in the area of crystal arthritis, as microcrystals can be considered to be endogenous "danger signals" and are potent stimulators of immune as well as non-immune cells. The best known microcrystals include urate (MSU), and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals, associated with gout and pseudogout, respectively. Acute inflammation is the hallmark of the acute tissue reaction to crystals in both gout and pseudogout. The mechanisms leading to joint inflammation in these diseases involve first crystal formation and subsequent coating with serum proteins. Crystals can then interact with plasma cell membrane, either directly or via membrane receptors, leading to NLRP3 activation, proteolytic cleavage and maturation of pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL1β) and secretion of mature IL1β. Once released, this cytokine orchestrates a series of events leading to endothelial cell activation and neutrophil recruitment. Ultimately, gout resolution involves several mechanisms including monocyte differentiation into macrophage, clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, production of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-β) and modification of protein coating on the crystal surface. This review will examine these different steps.
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Kolly L, von Scheven-Gete A, Busso N, Bagnoud N, Holzinger D, Morris M, Hofer M. PFAPA syndrome is linked to dysregulated IL-1β production. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011. [PMCID: PMC3194665 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-s1-p297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Velin D, Narayan S, Bernasconi E, Busso N, Ramelli G, Maillard MH, Bachmann D, Pythoud C, Bouzourene H, Michetti P, So A. PAR2 promotes vaccine-induced protection against Helicobacter infection in mice. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1273-82, 1282.e1. [PMID: 21703999 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Protective immunization limits Helicobacter infection of mice by undetermined mechanisms. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling is believed to regulate immune and inflammatory responses. We investigated the role of PAR2 in vaccine-induced immunity against Helicobacter infection. METHODS Immune responses against Helicobacter infection were compared between vaccinated PAR2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. Bacterial persistence, gastric pathology, and inflammatory and cellular responses were assessed using the rapid urease test (RUT), histologic analyses, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Following vaccination, PAR2-/- mice did not have reductions in Helicobacter felis infection (RUT values were 0.01±0.01 for WT mice and 0.11±0.13 for PAR2-/- mice; P<.05). The vaccinated PAR2-/- mice had reduced inflammation-induced stomach tissue damage (tissue damage scores were 8.83±1.47 for WT mice and 4.86±1.35 for PAR2-/- mice; P<.002) and reduced T-helper (Th)17 responses, based on reduced urease-induced interleukin (IL)-17 secretion by stomach mononuclear cells (5182 ± 1265 pg/mL for WT mice and 350±436 pg/mL for PAR2-/- mice; P<.03) and reduced recruitment of CD4+ IL-17+ T cells into the gastric mucosa of PAR2-/- mice following bacterial challenge (3.7%±1.5% for WT mice and 2.6%±1.1% for PAR2-/- mice; P<.05). In vitro, H felis-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) from WT mice induced greater secretion of IL-17 by ovalbumin-stimulated OT-II transgenic CD4+ T cells compared with DCs from PAR2-/- mice (4298±347 and 3230±779; P<.04), indicating that PAR2-/- DCs are impaired in priming of Th17 cells. Adoptive transfer of PAR2+/+ DCs into vaccinated PAR2-/- mice increased vaccine-induced protection (RUT values were 0.11±0.10 and 0.26±0.15 for injected and noninjected mice, respectively; P<.03). CONCLUSIONS PAR2 activates DCs to mediate vaccine-induced protection against Helicobacter infection in mice.
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Narayan S, Kolly L, So A, Busso N. Increased interleukin-10 production by ASC-deficient CD4+ T cells impairs bystander T-cell proliferation. Immunology 2011; 134:33-40. [PMID: 21718313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is an important component of the inflammasome, functioning as an adaptor protein that facilitates the recruitment and activation of procaspases that in turn promote the maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Despite initial focus on the inflammatory properties of ASC there is emerging evidence that highlights the importance of ASC in facilitating adaptive immune responses. However, the cellular and molecular basis for the involvement of ASC in adaptive immunity remains largely unexplored. We have previously demonstrated that activated ASC-deficient T cells have dampened proliferative responses. We have therefore explored the underlying cellular mechanism(s) by which ASC regulates T-cell proliferation. We show that under activating conditions (anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation) in bulk T-cell cultures the presence of ASC(-/-) CD4(+) T cells is sufficient to suppress the proliferative responses of neighbouring T cells. Furthermore, ASC(-/-) CD4(+) T cells upon activation exhibit a suppressive cytokine profile, with elevated production of IL-10 and reduced secretion of T helper type 1 cytokines, interferon-γ and IL-2. This increase in IL-10 secretion within the activated ASC(-/-) CD4(+) T-cell compartment was not associated with a proportional increase in conventional Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Interestingly, when equal numbers of fluorescence-activated cell sorted ASC(+/+) and ASC(-/-) Treg cells (CD4(+) CD44(intermediate/high) CD25(+)) were activated in vitro, the ASC(-/-) fraction produced significantly more IL-10 than their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that ASC(-/-) Treg cells have greater suppressive capacity. Collectively, these results imply that the ASC may influence the development and functioning of Treg cells.
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Narayan S, Pazar B, Pazar B, Ea HK, Kolly L, Bagnoud N, Chobaz V, Lioté F, Vogl T, Holzinger D, Kai-Lik So A, Busso N. Octacalcium phosphate crystals induce inflammation in vivo through interleukin-1 but independent of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:422-33. [PMID: 21279999 DOI: 10.1002/art.30147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanisms involved in inflammatory responses to octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals in vivo. METHODS OCP crystal-induced inflammation was monitored using a peritoneal model of inflammation in mice with different deficiencies affecting interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion (IL-1α(-/-) , IL-1β(-/-) , ASC(-/-) , and NLRP3(-/-) mice) or in mice pretreated with IL-1 inhibitors (anakinra [recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist] and anti-IL-1β). The production of IL-1α, IL-1β, and myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP-8)-MRP-14 complex was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Peritoneal neutrophil recruitment and cell viability were determined by flow cytometry. Depletion of mast cells or resident macrophages was performed by pretreatment with compound 48/80 or clodronate liposomes, respectively. RESULTS OCP crystals induced peritoneal inflammation, as demonstrated by neutrophil recruitment and up-modulation of IL-1α, IL-1β, and MRP-8-MRP-14 complex, to levels comparable with those induced by monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. This OCP crystal-induced inflammation was both IL-1α- and IL-1β-dependent, as shown by the inhibitory effects of anakinra and anti-IL-1β antibody treatment. Accordingly, OCP crystal stimulation resulted in milder inflammation in IL-1α(-/-) and IL-1β(-/-) mice. Interestingly, ASC(-/-) and NLRP3(-/-) mice did not show any alteration in their inflammation status in response to OCP crystals. Depletion of the resident macrophage population resulted in a significant decrease in crystal-induced neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production in vivo, whereas mast cell depletion had no effect. Finally, OCP crystals induced apoptosis/necrosis of peritoneal cells in vivo. CONCLUSION These data indicate that macrophages, rather than mast cells, are important for initiating and driving OCP crystal-induced inflammation. Additionally, OCP crystals induce IL-1-dependent peritoneal inflammation without requiring the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Joosten LA, Ea HK, Netea MG, Busso N. Interleukin-1β activation during acute joint inflammation: A limited role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78:107-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Pazár B, Ea HK, Narayan S, Kolly L, Bagnoud N, Chobaz V, Roger T, Lioté F, So A, Busso N. Basic calcium phosphate crystals induce monocyte/macrophage IL-1β secretion through the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:2495-502. [PMID: 21239716 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are associated with severe osteoarthritis and acute periarticular inflammation. Three main forms of BCP crystals have been identified from pathological tissues: octacalcium phosphate, carbonate-substituted apatite, and hydroxyapatite. We investigated the proinflammatory effects of these BCP crystals in vitro with special regard to the involvement of the NLRP3-inflammasome in THP-1 cells, primary human monocytes and macrophages, and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). THP-1 cells stimulated with BCP crystals produced IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, primary human cells and BMDM from wild-type mice also produced high concentrations of IL-1β after crystal stimulation. THP-1 cells transfected with short hairpin RNA against the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome and mouse BMDM from mice deficient for NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, or caspase-1 did not produce IL-1β after BCP crystal stimulation. BCP crystals induced macrophage apoptosis/necrosis as demonstrated by MTT and flow cytometric analysis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BCP crystals induce IL-1β secretion through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we speculate that IL-1 blockade could be a novel strategy to inhibit BCP-induced inflammation in human disease.
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Schmitt F, Lagopoulos L, Käuper P, Rossi N, Busso N, Barge J, Wagnières G, Laue C, Wandrey C, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Chitosan-based nanogels for selective delivery of photosensitizers to macrophages and improved retention in and therapy of articular joints. J Control Release 2010; 144:242-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
An acute attack of gout is a paradigm of acute sterile inflammation, as opposed to pyogenic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that the triggering of IL-1β release from leucocytes lies at the heart of a cascade of processes that involves multiple cytokines and mediators. The NLRP3 inflammasome appears to have a specific role in this regard, but the biochemical events leading to its activation are still not well understood. We review the known mechanisms that underlie the inflammatory process triggered by urate crystals and suggest areas that require further research.
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