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Corr M, Roulston G, King N, Dornan T, Blease C, Gormley G. Living with ‘melanoma’ … for a day: a phenomenological analysis of medical students’ simulated experiences. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:771-778. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bagramian R, Abdullah F, Clarkson J, Cutress T, De Liefde B, Dooland M, Evans W, Hargreaves J, Horowitz H, Ish T, King N, Simmelink J, Skinner M, Woltgens J. Workshop on "Epidemiological indices of enamel defects". Adv Dent Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/08959374890030020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Smart NA, King N, McFarlane JR, Graham PL, Dieberg G. Effect of exercise training on liver function in adults who are overweight or exhibit fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:834-843. [PMID: 27317790 PMCID: PMC6029644 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise training has been shown to have beneficial effects on liver function in adults overweight or with fatty liver disease. To establish which exercise programme characteristics were likely to elicit optimal improvements. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane controlled trials registry searched (1966 to 2 October 2015). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Exercise intervention, with or without dietary intervention, versus usual care in adults undertaking, exercise training, who were overweight, obese or exhibited fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). RESULTS We included 21 randomised controlled trials, totalling 1530 participants. Exercise intervention studies with total exercise programme workload >10 000 kcal produced significant improvements in intrahepatic fat, -3.46% (95% CI -5.20% to -1.73%), p<0.0001, I2=73%; effect size (standardised mean difference, SMD) -1.77 (-3.11 to -0.42), p=0.01, I2=77%. When data from only exercise studies were pooled, there was a reduction in fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) -74.15 µmol/L (95% CI -118.47 to -29.84), p=0.001, I2=67% with a large effect size (SMD) -0.94 (-1.36 to -0.52), p<0.0001, I2=0%. When data from only exercise studies were pooled, there was a significant reduction in insulin MD -1.88 UL (95% CI -3.43 to -0.34), p=0.02, I2=31%. The liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, were not significantly altered with exercise. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training reduces intrahepatic fat and FFAs while increasing cardiorespiratory fitness. An aggregate exercise programme energy expenditure (>10 000 kcal) may be required to promote reductions in intrahepatic fat.
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King N. Beneficial effects of exercise: shifting the focus from body weight to other markers of health*. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/2413-3108/2010/v22i2a558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise is widely promoted as a method of weight management, while the other health benefits are often ignored. The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise-induced improvements in health are influenced by changes in body weight. Methods: Fifty-eight sedentary overweight/obese men and women (BMI 31.8 (SD 4.5) kg/m2 ) participated in a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise intervention (70% heart rate max, five times a week, 500 kcal per session). Body composition, anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, blood pressure and acute psychological response to exercise were measured at weeks 0 and 12. Results: The mean reduction in body weight was -3.3 (3.63) kg (p<0.01). However, 26 of the 58 participants failed to attain the predicted weight loss estimated from individuals’ exercise-induced energy expenditure. Their mean weight loss was only -0.9 (1.8) kg (p<0.01). Despite attaining a lower-than-predicted weight reduction, these individuals experienced significant increases in aerobic capacity (6.3 (6.0) ml/kg/min; p<0.01), and a decreased systolic (-6.00 (11.5) mmHg; p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.9 (5.8) mmHg; p<0.01), waist circumference (-3.7 (2.7) cm; p<0.01) and resting heart rate (-4.8 (8.9) bpm, p<0.001). In addition, these individuals experienced an acute exercise-induced increase in positive mood. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that significant and meaningful health benefits can be achieved even in the presence
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Nicol P, Anthonappa R, King N, Slack-Smith L, Cirillo G, Cherian S. Caries burden and efficacy of a referral pathway in a cohort of preschool refugee children. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:73-9. [PMID: 25721281 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the early caries experience and the efficacy of a community based dental referral pathway in preschool refugees in Western Australia. METHODS Preschool refugee children referred to the Western Australian paediatric hospital Refugee Health Clinic were prospectively screened for caries by a paediatric dentist before being referred to community dental clinics. Dental forms and medical records were audited to assess decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft), medical data and dental services engagement. Poisson regression analysis determined the contribution of count variables to the final model. RESULTS Among the 105 screened children (54% male, median age 3.2 years, 41% Burmese), community dental clinic engagement was low (46%, n=48). Of the 62% with caries (n=65/105, mean dmft 5.2, SD 4.1), 45% were recommended for specialist dental services and 48% were treated. After adjustment for age, gender and total number of teeth, caries incidence was significantly associated with BMI-for-age Z score (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Preschool refugee caries burden was high. The community dental referral pathway was ineffective compared to co-located intersectorial dental screening. Specialist dental service needs are high in this cohort and require a targeted approach.
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Brooks JM, Bravington A, Hardy B, Melvin J, King N. “ IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT THE PATIENT, IT'S THE FAMILIES TOO”: END-OF-LIFE CARE IN THE HOME ENVIRONMENT. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000838.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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King N, Plana N, Murthy A, Ades V. A quantitative assessment of the contraceptive decision aid Bedsider.org among low-income Spanish-speaking women in New York City. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Plana N, King N, Ades V, Murthy A. Qualitative assessment of a contraceptive decision aid, Besider.org, among low-income Spanish-speaking women in New York City. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Noble B, King N, Woolmore A, Hughes P, Winslow M, Melvin J, Brooks J, Bravington A, Ingleton C, Bath PA. Can comprehensive specialised end-of-life care be provided at home? Lessons from a study of an innovative consultant-led community service in the UK. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2014; 24:253-66. [PMID: 24735122 PMCID: PMC4359037 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Midhurst Macmillan Specialist Palliative Care Service (MMSPCS) is a UK, medical consultant-led, multidisciplinary team aiming to provide round-the-clock advice and care, including specialist interventions, in the home, community hospitals and care homes. Of 389 referrals in 2010/11, about 85% were for cancer, from a population of about 155 000. Using a mixed method approach, the evaluation comprised: a retrospective analysis of secondary-care use in the last year of life; financial evaluation of the MMSPCS using an Activity Based Costing approach; qualitative interviews with patients, carers, health and social care staff and MMSPCS staff and volunteers; a postal survey of General Practices; and a postal survey of bereaved caregivers using the MMSPCS. The mean cost is about 3000 GBP (3461 EUR) per patient with mean cost of interventions for cancer patients in the last year of life 1900 GBP (2192 EUR). Post-referral, overall costs to the system are similar for MMSPCS and hospice-led models; however, earlier referral avoided around 20% of total costs in the last year of life. Patients and carers reported positive experiences of support, linked to the flexible way the service worked. Seventy-one per cent of patients died at home. This model may have application elsewhere.
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Dunsmore-Dawson A, King N, Rodriguez A. CARING FROM HOME TO HOSPICE. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000653.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Savage JC, Prescott WH, Lisowski M, King N. Geodolite measurements of deformation near Hollister, California, 1971-1978. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb084ib13p07599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fay S, White M, Finlayson G, King N. Sensitivity to reward and self control are associated with acute overconsumption. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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King N, Caudwell P, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Blundell J. Fixed energy expenditure exercise induces similar body weight and appetite responses in males and females. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Horner K, Byrne N, Cleghorn G, King N. Reproducibility of gastric emptying, appetite and energy intake in overweight and obese males. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nicotra A, King N, Catley M, Mendoza N, McGregor A, Strutton P. PTMS 1 Pre-and post-surgical assessment of cervical myelopathy: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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King N. Beneficial effects of exercise: shifting the focus from body weight to other markers of health*. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2010. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2010/v22i2a558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise is widely promoted as a method of weight management, while the other health benefits are often ignored. The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise-induced improvements in health are influenced by changes in body weight. Methods: Fifty-eight sedentary overweight/obese men and women (BMI 31.8 (SD 4.5) kg/m2 ) participated in a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise intervention (70% heart rate max, five times a week, 500 kcal per session). Body composition, anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, blood pressure and acute psychological response to exercise were measured at weeks 0 and 12. Results: The mean reduction in body weight was -3.3 (3.63) kg (p<0.01). However, 26 of the 58 participants failed to attain the predicted weight loss estimated from individuals’ exercise-induced energy expenditure. Their mean weight loss was only -0.9 (1.8) kg (p<0.01). Despite attaining a lower-than-predicted weight reduction, these individuals experienced significant increases in aerobic capacity (6.3 (6.0) ml/kg/min; p<0.01), and a decreased systolic (-6.00 (11.5) mmHg; p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.9 (5.8) mmHg; p<0.01), waist circumference (-3.7 (2.7) cm; p<0.01) and resting heart rate (-4.8 (8.9) bpm, p<0.001). In addition, these individuals experienced an acute exercise-induced increase in positive mood. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that significant and meaningful health benefits can be achieved even in the presence
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Zabel R, Ash S, King N, Naslund E, Bauer J. Gender differences in the effect of fish oil on appetite, inflammation and nutritional status in haemodialysis patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23:416-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zabel R, Ash S, King N, Bauer J. The relationship between subjective appetite sensations, markers of inflammation and appetite in dialysis patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009; 22:343-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Misener VL, Gomez L, Wigg KG, Luca P, King N, Kiss E, Daróczi G, Kapornai K, Tamas Z, Mayer L, Gádoros J, Baji I, Kennedy JL, Kovacs M, Vetró A, Barr CL. Cytokine Genes TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10, and childhood-onset mood disorders. Neuropsychobiology 2009; 58:71-80. [PMID: 18832862 DOI: 10.1159/000159775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Inflammatory cytokines induce a behavioral syndrome, known as sickness behavior, that strongly resembles symptoms typically seen in depression. This resemblance has led to the theory that an imbalance of inflammatory cytokine activity may be a contributing factor in depressive disorders. Support for this is found in multiple lines of evidence, such as the effects of cytokines on the activities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and hippocampal function, all of which are implicated in the etiology of depression. In addition, associations between inflammatory activity and depressive symptomology have been documented in a number of studies, and the depressogenic effects of cytokine therapy are well known. Accordingly, given that depression has a substantial genetic basis, genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine activity are strong candidates for involvement in genetic susceptibility to depressive disorders. Here, we have tested 6 key genes of this type, TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10, as candidates for involvement in childhood-onset mood disorders. METHODS In this study of 384 families, each ascertained through a child with depression diagnosed before the age of 15 years, 11 polymorphisms of known or likely functional significance (coding and regulatory variants) were analyzed. RESULTS Testing for biased transmission of alleles from parents to their affected offspring, we found no evidence for an association between childhood-onset mood disorders and any of the polymorphisms, either individually or as haplotypes. CONCLUSION The present study does not support the involvement of the TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10 variants as major genetic risk factors contributing to early-onset mood disorders.
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Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Basile V, De Luca V, Müller DJ, King N, Voineskos AN, Remington G, Meltzer HY, Lieberman JA, Potkin SG, Kennedy JL. Association study of tardive dyskinesia and five DRD4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2009; 9:168-74. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Curry JM, King N, Murray R, O'Reilly RC. Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Inner Ear. Laryngoscope 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yearley JH, King N, Liu X, Curran EH, O'Neil SP. Biphasic malignant testicular sex cord-stromal tumor in a cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) with review of the literature. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:922-7. [PMID: 18984797 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-6-922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 20-year old male cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) was presented with unilateral enlargement of an intrascrotal testicle. Fine-needle aspiration cytology demonstrated a neoplastic population with Call-Exner-like bodies and features of malignancy. The animal was castrated, and histologic examination revealed a biphasic sex cord-stromal tumor, with one region resembling Sertoli-cell tumor and one region resembling granulosa-cell tumor, with extensive microfollicular pattern and many Call-Exner bodies. Eight months after castration, the animal was euthanized on discovery of a caudal abdominal mass that displaced organs, was highly infiltrative, and extended into the paravertebral musculature with lysis of vertebral bone. Metastases to lymph node and lung were also present. Histologic examination of the abdominal tumor showed multifocal formation of Call-Exner bodies in an otherwise highly dedifferentiated population. Positive immunolabeling for alpha inhibin confirmed the sex cord-stromal origin of the abdominal and paravertebral tumor masses. This case has similarities to malignant testicular granulosa-cell tumor of humans.
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Boardman A, King N, Mitchell-Thomas R, Malnev V, Rapoport Y. Gain control and diffraction-managed solitons in metamaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metmat.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Finlayson G, Bryant E, King N, Blundell J. Variability in the acute effect of exercise on appetite, energy intake, liking and wanting for food. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oliver BGG, Lim S, Wark P, Laza-Stanca V, King N, Black JL, Burgess JK, Roth M, Johnston SL. Rhinovirus exposure impairs immune responses to bacterial products in human alveolar macrophages. Thorax 2008; 63:519-25. [PMID: 18245149 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infection is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality as the major cause of exacerbations of asthma, and is also known to induce exacerbations of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exacerbations of these diseases are also frequently associated with bacterial and atypical bacterial infection. Alveolar macrophages are the major immune cells in the airways and are important in defence against bacterial infections. METHODS The authors investigated whether rhinovirus modifies cytokine release, the pattern recognition receptor expression and phagocytosis by human alveolar macrophages in response to bacterial products. RESULTS Viable rhinovirus was detected in macrophages up to 3 days after exposure and viral RNA expression persisted for 10 days. Infectious but not UV inactivated rhinovirus increased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin (IL)8 release by macrophages. In contrast, infectious rhinovirus impaired lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid induced TNFalpha and IL8 secretion by macrophages. Rhinovirus induced impairment of macrophage antibacterial immune responses did not involve IL10, prostaglandin E(2) or downregulation of Toll-like receptor 2. Furthermore, the macrophage phagocytic response to labelled bacterial particles, but not to latex beads, was impaired. CONCLUSION The authors have identified impairment of cytokine responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid by alveolar macrophages in response to infectious rhinovirus. Virus induced impairment of antibacterial host defence has important implications in the pathogenesis of exacerbations of respiratory diseases.
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