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Rajkumar-Calkins A, Sagar V, Wang J, Bailey S, Anderson P, Abdulkadir S, Kirschner AN. Inhibition of PIM kinase with fractionated radiation and docetaxel in preclinical prostate cancer models. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e17534 Background: PIM kinases are highly expressed in high risk prostate cancer and are associated with aggressiveness and poor prognosis, presenting a therapeutic target. Methods: We studied PIM inhibition (PIMi) in both hormone-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (DU145, 22Rv1) prostate cancer cell lines and mouse xenografts. We evaluated PIMi effects via Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and RNAseq of multiple relevant pathways, and performed radiosensitization analysis with colony formation assays. We also investigated xenograft tumor growth with PIMi +/- radiation (RT) or docetaxel. Results: Pretreating the cell lines with PIMi prior to RT caused marked changes in H2AX phosphorylation compared to no PIMi + RT, with most significant alteration in DU145. However, in colony formation assays, 22Rv1 showed greatest radiosensitization with colony survival reduced from 23% to 15% with PIMi. 22Rv1 xenografts were grown in castrated mice, which were randomized to 30 Gy in 15 treatments vs no RT over 3 weeks, -/+ PIMi on RT days. RT + PIMi eliminated gross tumor, compared to an average of 78% and 51% of initial tumor volumes remaining with PIMi alone and RT alone, respectively. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting of harvested tumors showed PIMi altered patterns in proteins involved with hypoxic response (COX-2), cell survival (MDM2), and androgen receptor and suggested interactions between RT and PIMi for both MDM2 and androgen receptor but not COX-2. RNAseq analysis of xenografts showed daily PIMi affected multiple pathways involved in metabolism, growth, and DNA repair. Finally, we tested PIMi -/+ docetaxel in castrated mice with hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) or -resistant (22Rv1) xenografts treated with PIMi -/+ docetaxel. With both xenografts, PIMi + docetaxel reduced tumor size best, with 22Rv1 xenografts most dramatically showing 74% volume reduction from baseline with PIMi + docetaxel compared to 50% and 25% reduction in volumes with PIMi alone and docetaxel alone, respectively. Conclusions: PIMi has multiple pathway effects in prostate cancer. PIMi significantly reduces disease burden, particularly in combination with RT or docetaxel. Our data provide rationale for testing PIMi in clinical trials for prostate cancer.
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Berge J, Geoffroy M, Daase M, Cottier F, Priou P, Cohen JH, Johnsen G, McKee D, Kostakis I, Renaud PE, Vogedes D, Anderson P, Last KS, Gauthier S. Artificial light during the polar night disrupts Arctic fish and zooplankton behaviour down to 200 m depth. Commun Biol 2020; 3:102. [PMID: 32139805 PMCID: PMC7058619 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For organisms that remain active in one of the last undisturbed and pristine dark environments on the planet—the Arctic Polar Night—the moon, stars and aurora borealis may provide important cues to guide distribution and behaviours, including predator-prey interactions. With a changing climate and increased human activities in the Arctic, such natural light sources will in many places be masked by the much stronger illumination from artificial light. Here we show that normal working-light from a ship may disrupt fish and zooplankton behaviour down to at least 200 m depth across an area of >0.125 km2 around the ship. Both the quantitative and qualitative nature of the disturbance differed between the examined regions. We conclude that biological surveys in the dark from illuminated ships may introduce biases on biological sampling, bioacoustic surveys, and possibly stock assessments of commercial and non-commercial species. Berge et al. find that the normal working-light from a ship impacts on the vertical distribution of macrozooplankton and pelagic fish communities around the ship at three stations during the Arctic Polar Night. These data suggest bias from such effects should be taken into account when performing surveys and stock assessments in the Arctic.
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Gogna S, Latifi R, Policastro A, Prabhakaran K, Anderson P, Con J, Choi J, Samson DJ, Butler J. Complex abdominal wall hernia repair with biologic mesh in elderly: a propensity matched analysis. Hernia 2020; 24:495-502. [PMID: 31981009 PMCID: PMC7223233 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-019-02068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR) has become a common surgical procedure both in non-elderly and elderly patients. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the outcomes of the elderly compared to nonelderly undergoing CAWR using propensity score matching. Methods All patients who underwent CAWR using porcine-derived, non-crosslinked acellular dermal matrix (ADM) (Strattice™) between January 2014 and July 2017 were studied retrospectively. Propensity matched analysis was performed for risk adjustment in multivariable analysis and for one-to-one matching. The outcomes were analyzed for differences in postoperative complications, reoperations, mortality, hospital length of stay and adverse discharge disposition. Results One hundred-thirty-six patients were identified during the study period. Non-elderly (aged 18–64 years) constituted 70% (n = 95) and elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) comprised 30% of the overall patient population (n = 41). Seventy-three (56.7%) were females. After adjustment through the propensity score, which included 35 pairs, the surgical site infection (p = 1.000), wound necrosis (p = 1.000), the need for mechanical ventilation (p = 0.259), mortality (p = 0.083), reoperation rate (p = 0.141), hospital length of stay (p = 0.206), and discharge disposition (p = 0.795) were similar. Conclusion Elderly patients undergoing CAWR with biological mesh have comparable outcomes with non-elderly patients when using propensity matching score.
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Capps KL, McLaughlin EM, Murray AWA, Aldus CF, Wyatt GM, Peck MW, Van Amerongen A, Ariëns RMC, Wichers JH, Baylis CL, Wareing DRA, Bolton FJ, Aird H, Allen R, Anderson P, Boughtflower M, Chen Q, Davies A, Dennis J, Gibson SJ, Green RA, Hilton J, Jorgensen F, Leuschner R, Loder C, Mackey B, Meldrum R, Millar I, Reid T, Robinson AJ, Robinson; I, Smith H, Surman S, Vickers D, Wood M. Validation of Three Rapid Screening Methods for Detection of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Foods: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory study was conducted for the validation of 3 methods for the detection of all verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in foods. The methods were a multi-analyte 1-step lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for detection of E. coli O157 and verotoxin (VT); an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeted against VT1, VT2, and VT2c (VT-ELISA); and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of VT genes (VT-PCR). Aliquots (25 g or 25 mL) of 4 food types (raw minced [ground] beef, unpasteurized milk, unpasteurized apple juice [cider], and salami) were individually inoculated with low numbers (<9 to 375 cells/25 g) of 6 test strains of E. coli (serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157) with differing VT-producing capabilities. Five replicates for each test strain and 5 uninoculated samples were prepared for each food type. Fourteen participating laboratories analyzed samples using the LFIA, 9 analyzed the samples by ELISA, and 9 by PCR. The LFIA for O157 and VT had a specificity (correct identification of negative samples) of 92 and 94%, respectively, and a sensitivity (correct identification of positive samples) of 94 and 55%, respectively. The VT-ELISA and VT-PCR
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Oo YH, Ackrill S, Cole R, Jenkins L, Anderson P, Jeffery HC, Jones N, Jeffery LE, Lutz P, Wawman RE, Athwal AK, Thompson J, Gray J, Guo K, Barton D, Hirschfield GM, Wong T, Guest P, Adams DH. Liver homing of clinical grade Tregs after therapeutic infusion in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:286-296. [PMID: 32039380 PMCID: PMC7001578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated disease with no curative treatment. Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is potentially curative in AIH given the critical role of Tregs in preventing autoimmunity. To work effectively, adoptively transferred Tregs must migrate to and survive within the inflamed liver. We conducted a proof-of-concept study aiming to assess the safety and liver-homing properties of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade autologous Tregs in patients with AIH. METHODS Autologous polyclonal GMP-grade Tregs were isolated using leukapheresis and CliniMACS, labelled with indium tropolonate and re-infused intravenously to 4 patients with AIH. GMP-Treg homing to the liver was investigated with longitudinal gamma camera and SPECT-CT scanning. GMP-Treg immunophenotype, function and immunometabolic state were assessed during the study. RESULTS We observed that the isolated Tregs were suppressive and expressed CXCR3, a chemokine receptor involved in recruitment into the inflamed liver, as well as Treg functional markers CD39, CTLA-4 and the transcription factor Foxp3. Serial gamma camera and SPECT-CT imaging demonstrated that 22-44% of infused Tregs homed to and were retained in the livers of patients with autoimmune hepatitis for up to 72 h. The infused cells did not localise to any off-target organs other than the spleen and bone marrow. GMP-Tregs were metabolically competent and there were no infusion reactions or high-grade adverse effects after Treg infusion. CONCLUSION Our novel findings suggest that the liver is a good target organ for Treg cellular therapy, supporting the development of clinical trials to test efficacy in autoimmune hepatitis and other autoimmune liver diseases. LAY SUMMARY Autoimmune liver diseases occur when the body's immune cells target their own liver cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity, thus they are a potential therapy for autoimmune liver diseases. In patients with autoimmune hepatitis, Treg infusion is safe, with nearly a quarter of infused Tregs homing to the liver and suppressing tissue-damaging effector T cells. Thus, Tregs are a potentially curative immune cell therapy for early autoimmune liver diseases.
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Nekolla K, Brieu N, Gavriel C, Widmaier M, Budco A, Medrikova D, Kanchev I, Testori M, Chan J, Dundee P, Anderson P, Lawrentschuk N, Wong LM, Phan P, Gibbs P, Harrison D, Baehner M, Caie P, Tran B, Schmidt G. Prognostic immunoprofiling of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients in a multicentre setting. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz239.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Babiker H, Borazanci E, Subbiah V, Maguire O, Rahimian S, Minderman H, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Bindra G, Iverson I, Chunduru S, Anderson P, Puzanov I, Diab A. Safety, efficacy, and immune effects of intratumoral tilsotolimod in patients with refractory solid tumours: Updated results from ILLUMINATE-101. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lowin J, Winfield T, Price P, Anderson P, Potokar T. Estimating the cost impact of dressing choice in the context of a mass burns casualty event. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2019; 32:222-226. [PMID: 32313537 PMCID: PMC7155402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass casualty burn events (MCBs) require intense and complex management. Silver-infused longer use dressings might help optimise management of burns in an MCB setting. We developed a model estimating the impact of dressing choice in the context of an MCB. The model was developed in Excel in collaboration with experienced emergency response clinicians. The model compares use of silver-infused dressings with use of traditional dressings in patients with partial thickness burns covering 30% of their body. Costs were estimated from a UK perspective as a proxy for a funded emergency response team and limited to cost of dressings, bandages, padding, analgesia and staff time. Expected patient costs and resource use were summarised over an acute 2-week intervention period and extrapolated to estimate possible time savings in a hypothetical MCB. Per patient costs were estimated at £2,002 (silver) and £1,124 (traditional) (a daily additional spend of £63). Per patient staff time was estimated at 864 minutes (silver) and 1,200 minutes (traditional) (a daily time saving of 24 minutes). Multiplying up to a possible MCB population of 20 could result in a saving equivalent to 9 staff shifts over the 2-week intervention period. The model was sensitive to type of silver dressing, frequency of dressing change and staff costs. We found increased costs through use of silver dressings but time savings that might help optimise burns management in an MCB. Exploring the balance between costs and staff time might help future MCB response preparation.
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Twahir M, Oyesegun RA, Yarney J, Gachii A, Edusa C, Nwogu C, Mangutha G, Anderson P, Benjamin E, Müller B, Ngoh C. Access to care and financial burden for patients with breast cancer in Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6562 Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the most common cause of cancer-related death in women in Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. We evaluated healthcare resource use and financial burden for patients treated at tertiary cancer centers in these countries. Methods: Records of breast cancer patients treated at the following government/private tertiary centers were included – Ghana: Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and Sweden Ghana Medical Centre; Kenya: Kenyatta National Hospital and Aga Khan University Hospital; Nigeria: National Hospital Abuja and Lakeshore Cancer Center. Patients presenting within a prespecified 2-year period were followed until death or loss to follow-up. Results: The study included 299 patient records from Ghana, 314 from Kenya, and 249 from Nigeria. The use of common screening modalities (eg, mammogram, breast ultrasound) was < 45% in all 3 countries. Use of core needle biopsy was 76% in Kenya and Nigeria, but only 50% in Ghana. Across the 3 countries, 91-98% of patients completed blood count/chemistry, whereas only 78-88% completed tests for hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Most patients underwent surgery: mastectomy (64-67%) or breast-conserving Most patients in Ghana and Nigeria (87-93%) paid for their diagnostic tests entirely out of pocket (OOP) compared with 30-32% in Kenya. Similar to diagnostic testing, the proportion of patients paying OOP only for treatments was high: 72-89% in Nigeria, 45-79% in Ghana, and 8-20% in Kenya. Among those receiving HER2-targeted therapy, average number of cycles was 5 for patients paying OOP only vs 14 for patients with some level of insurance coverage. Conclusions: Patients treated in tertiary facilities in sub-Saharan African countries lack access to common imaging modalities and systemic therapies. Most patients in Ghana and Nigeria bore the full cost of their breast cancer care, suggestive of privileged financial status. Access to screening/diagnosis and appropriate care is likely to be substantively lower for the general population.
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Blaty T, Krueger D, Illgen R, Squire M, Heiderscheit B, Binkley N, Anderson P. DXA evaluation of femoral bone mineral density and cortical width in patients with prior total knee arthroplasty. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:383-390. [PMID: 30171301 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have devastating consequences. Osteoporosis increases periprosthetic fracture risk, but distal femur bone mineral density (BMD) is not measured post-TKA. This study measured distal femur BMD and cortical width; both were lower in the TKA compared to the non-operated leg. BMD measurement reproducibility was good. Standardized DXA regions of interest are proposed. INTRODUCTION Periprosthetic fractures following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are not rare. We hypothesized that TKA is associated with low BMD, potentially increasing periprosthetic fracture risk. However, distal femur dual energy x-ray (DXA) measurement is virtually never performed after TKA due to lack of standardized approaches. Thus, this study's aims were to develop standard DXA femur regions of interest (ROIs), assess cortical width, and determine measurement reproducibility in TKA patients. METHODS Thirty adults (15 M/15 F) age 59-80 years with unilateral, primary TKA within 2-5 years had femoral DXA scans performed in duplicate using a Lunar iDXA densitometer. In prior work, we established that femur BMD was lowest in the distal metaphysis and highest in mid-shaft. Thus, BMD and cortical width were measured at 15%, 25%, and 60% of the femur length measured from the distal notch. Femur BMD and cortical width were compared between limbs (TKA vs. non-operated side) by paired t test. RESULTS BMD was 3.2-9.9% lower (p < 0.001) in the operated femur at all custom ROIs; substantial between individual differences existed with some up to 30% lower. Cortical width was lower (p < 0.05) at the 25% ROI on the TKA side. BMD reproducibility was excellent; CV 0.85-1.33%. CONCLUSIONS Distal femur BMD can be reproducibly measured using DXA and is ~ 10% lower on the TKA leg. Similarly, medial and lateral cortices are thinner at the 25% ROI. These bone changes likely increase periprosthetic fracture risk. Further work to define and mitigate periprosthetic fracture risk after TKA is needed.
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Lord J, van der Vliet W, Anderson P, Scarf M, Scarf D. Very superstitious? A preliminary investigation of pigeons’ body position during a matching-to-sample task under differential and common outcome conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.46867/ijcp.2019.32.00.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task is widely employed to assess memory in a range of non-human animals. On the standard “common outcomes” (CO) DMS task, correct performance following either sample stimulus results in reinforcement. In contrast, on a “differential outcomes” (DO) DMS task, the outcome following either sample stimulus is different. One of the most consistent findings in the comparative literature is that performance under a DO condition is superior to that under a CO condition. The superior performance is attributed to the fact the DO condition enhances memory for the sample stimulus by tagging each sample with a discrete reward. Here, we investigate an alternative possibility, that pigeons use positional mediation during the delay under DO, but not CO, conditions. To test this, we tracked the head position of pigeons performing a DO (n = 4) or CO (n = 4) task. Consistent with the positional mediation account, all subjects in the DO condition displayed evidence of positional mediation. Surprisingly, positional mediation was not unique to subjects in the DO condition, with subjects in the CO condition also displaying evidence of mediation.
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Lennon D, Anderson P, Atatoa-Carr P, Reed P, Jelleyman T, Bremner C, Leversha A, Moxon T, Wellington G, Herman J. PO601 New Zealand’s Ongoing Success In Preventing First Attacks of Acute Rheumatic Fever. Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Constantine S, Roach D, Liberali S, Kiermeier A, Sarkar P, Jannes J, Sambrook P, Anderson P, Beltrame J. Carotid Artery Calcification on Orthopantomograms (CACO Study) - is it indicative of carotid stenosis? Aust Dent J 2018; 64:4-10. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Baumgart A, Anderson P. Finding the weakest link: mechanical sensitivity in a fish cranial linkage system. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181003. [PMID: 30473846 PMCID: PMC6227944 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physical mechanics behind morphological systems can offer insights into their evolution. Recent work on linkage systems in fish and crustaceans has suggested that the evolution of such systems may depend on mechanical sensitivity, where geometrical changes to different parts of a biomechanical system have variable influence on mechanical outputs. While examined at the evolutionary level, no study has directly explored this idea at the level of the mechanism. We analyse the mechanical sensitivity of a fish cranial linkage to identify the influence of linkage geometry on the kinematic transmission (KT) of the suspensorium, hyoid and lower jaw. Specifically, we answer two questions about the sensitivity of this linkage system: (i) What changes in linkage geometry affect one KT while keeping the other KTs constant? (ii) Which geometry changes result in the largest and smallest changes to KT? Our results show that there are ways to alter the morphology that change each KT individually, and that there are multiple ways to alter a single link that have variable influence on KT. These results provide insight into the morphological evolution of the fish skull and highlight which structural features in the system may have more freedom to evolve than others.
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Anderson P, Johnstone B. P137 Retrospective clinical data on IPV therapy in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Palacio-Vieira J, Segura L, Anderson P, Wolstenholme A, Drummond C, Bendtsen P, Wojnar M, Kaner E, Keurhorst MN, van Steenkiste B, Kłoda K, Mierzecki A, Parkinson K, Newbury-Birch D, Okulicz-Kozaryn K, Deluca P, Colom J, Gual A. Improving screening and brief intervention activities in primary health care: Secondary analysis of professional accuracy based on the AUDIT-C. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:369-374. [PMID: 29194899 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The ODHIN trial found that training and support and financial reimbursement increased the proportion of patients that were screened and given advice for their heavy drinking in primary health care. However, the impact of these strategies on professional accuracy in delivering screening and brief advice is underresearched and is the focus of this paper. METHOD From 120 primary health care units (24 in each jurisdiction: Catalonia, England, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden), 746 providers participated in the baseline and the 12-week implementation periods. Accuracy was measured in 2 ways: correctness in completing and scoring the screening instrument, AUDIT-C; the proportion of screen-negative patients given advice, and the proportion of screen-positive patients not given advice. Odds ratios of accuracy were calculated for type of profession and for intervention group: training and support, financial reimbursement, and internet-based counselling. RESULTS Thirty-two of 36 711 questionnaires were incorrectly completed, and 65 of 29 641 screen-negative patients were falsely classified. At baseline, 27% of screen-negative patients were given advice, and 22.5% screen-positive patients were not given advice. These proportions halved during the 12-week implementation period, unaffected by training. Financial reimbursement reduced the proportion of screen-positive patients not given advice (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-0.99; P < .05). CONCLUSION Although the use of AUDIT-C as a screening tool was accurate, a considerable proportion of risky drinkers did not receive advice, which was reduced with financial incentives.
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Muir VS, Gasch AP, Anderson P. The Substrates of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:195-205. [PMID: 29122854 PMCID: PMC5765348 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved pathway that strongly influences eukaryotic gene expression. Inactivating or inhibiting NMD affects the abundance of a substantial fraction of the transcriptome in numerous species. Transcripts whose abundance is altered in NMD-deficient cells may represent either direct substrates of NMD or indirect effects of inhibiting NMD. We present a genome-wide investigation of the direct substrates of NMD in Caenorhabditis elegans Our goals were (i) to identify mRNA substrates of NMD and (ii) to distinguish those mRNAs from others whose abundance is indirectly influenced by the absence of NMD. We previously demonstrated that Upf1p/SMG-2, the central effector of NMD in all studied eukaryotes, preferentially associates with mRNAs that contain premature translation termination codons. We used this preferential association to distinguish direct from indirect effects by coupling immunopurification of Upf1/SMG-2 with high-throughput mRNA sequencing of NMD-deficient mutants and NMD-proficient controls. We identify 680 substrates of NMD, 171 of which contain novel spliced forms that (i) include sequences of annotated introns and (ii) have not been previously documented in the C. elegans transcriptome. NMD degrades unproductively spliced mRNAs with sufficient efficiency in NMD-proficient strains that such mRNAs were not previously known. Two classes of genes are enriched among the identified NMD substrates: (i) mRNAs of expressed pseudogenes and (ii) mRNAs of gene families whose gene number has recently expanded in the C. elegans genome. Our results identify novel NMD substrates and provide a context for understanding NMD's role in normal gene expression and genome evolution.
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Dhillon A, Anderson P, Holmes-Walker J, Deshmukh T, Chong J. 24-Hour Holter Monitor Assessment of Heart Rate Variability Across the Spectrum of Diabetes. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Randall M, Filiaci V, McMeekin D, Yashar C, Mannel R, Salani R, DiSilvestro P, Burke J, Rutherford T, Spirtos N, Cho J, Kim J, Anderson P, Brewster W, Small W, Carney M, Aghajanian C, Miller D. A Phase 3 Trial of Pelvic Radiation Therapy Versus Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy Followed by Paclitaxel/Carboplatin Chemotherapy in Patients with High-Risk, Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Gynecology Oncology Group Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lobón LF, Anderson P. [Innovation in emergency medicine: 5 operational initiatives that could change our practice]. EMERGENCIAS : REVISTA DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE MEDICINA DE EMERGENCIAS 2017; 29:61-64. [PMID: 28825271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Bhagat N, Whitelock J, Goel P, Barcia P, Hashemi E, Anderson P, Ambarus T. An Atypical Presentation of the Most Common Uterine Anomaly: The Septate Uterus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sagan A, Anderson P, Nolte E. The role of public health services in addressing alcohol control in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw173.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Van Borre P, Schrock A, Anderson P, Heilmann A, Holmes O, Wang K, Khan S, Morris J, Ou SH, Waguespack S, Stephens P, Erlich R, Miller V, Ross J, Ali S. Pediatric, adolescent and young adult (PAYA) thyroid carcinoma harbors frequent and diverse targetable genomic alterations including kinase fusions. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw369.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dublon IAN, Nilsson M, Balkenius A, Anderson P, Larsson MC. Scintillate: An open-source graphical viewer for time-series calcium imaging evaluation and pre-processing. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 273:120-127. [PMID: 27594088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium imaging is based on the detection of minute signal changes in an image time-series encompassing pre- and post-stimuli. Depending on the function of the elicited response, change may be pronounced, as in the case of a genetically encoded calcium-reporter protein, or subtle, as is the case in a bath-applied dye system. Large datasets are thus often acquired and appraised only during post-processing where specific Regions of Interest (ROIs) are examined. NEW METHOD The scintillate software provides a platform allowing for near instantaneous viewing of time-sequenced tiffs within a discrete GUI environment. Whole sequences may be evaluated. In its simplest form scintillate provides change in florescence (ΔF) across the entire tiff image matrix. Evaluating image intensity level differences across the whole image allows the user to rapidly establish the value of the preparation, without a priori ROI-selection. Additionally, an implementation of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) provides additional rapid insights into areas of signal change. RESULTS We imaged transgenic flies expressing Calcium-sensitive reporter proteins within projection neurons and moth mushroom bodies stained with a Ca2+ sensitive bath-applied dye. Instantaneous pre-stimulation background subtraction allowed us to appraise strong genetically encoded neuronal Ca2+ responses in flies and weaker, less apparent, responses within moth mushroom bodies. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS At the time of acquisition, whole matrix ΔF analysis alongside ICA is ordinarily not performed. We found it invaluable, minimising time spent with unresponsive samples, and assisting in optimisation of subsequent acquisitions. CONCLUSIONS We provide a multi-platform open-source system to evaluate time-series images.
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Keurhorst M, Anderson P, Heinen M, Bendtsen P, Baena B, Brzózka K, Colom J, Deluca P, Drummond C, Kaner E, Kłoda K, Mierzecki A, Newbury-Birch D, Okulicz-Kozaryn K, Palacio-Vieira J, Parkinson K, Reynolds J, Ronda G, Segura L, Słodownik L, Spak F, van Steenkiste B, Wallace P, Wolstenholme A, Wojnar M, Gual A, Laurant M, Wensing M. Impact of primary healthcare providers' initial role security and therapeutic commitment on implementing brief interventions in managing risky alcohol consumption: a cluster randomised factorial trial. Implement Sci 2016; 11:96. [PMID: 27422283 PMCID: PMC4947288 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-016-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief interventions in primary healthcare are cost-effective in reducing drinking problems but poorly implemented in routine practice. Although evidence about implementing brief interventions is growing, knowledge is limited with regard to impact of initial role security and therapeutic commitment on brief intervention implementation. METHODS In a cluster randomised factorial trial, 120 primary healthcare units (PHCUs) were randomised to eight groups: care as usual, training and support, financial reimbursement, and the opportunity to refer patients to an internet-based brief intervention (e-BI); paired combinations of these three strategies, and all three strategies combined. To explore the impact of initial role security and therapeutic commitment on implementing brief interventions, we performed multilevel linear regression analyses adapted to the factorial design. RESULTS Data from 746 providers from 120 PHCUs were included in the analyses. Baseline role security and therapeutic commitment were found not to influence implementation of brief interventions. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between these characteristics and allocated implementation groups. CONCLUSIONS The extent to which providers changed their brief intervention delivery following experience of different implementation strategies was not determined by their initial attitudes towards alcohol problems. In future research, more attention is needed to unravel the causal relation between practitioners' attitudes, their actual behaviour and care improvement strategies to enhance implementation science. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01501552.
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