26
|
Erb RE, de Andrade AN, Rogler JC. Interrelationships between diet and elevated temperatures (cyclic and constant) on concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17beta, and testosterone in blood plasma of laying hens. Poult Sci 1978; 57:1042-51. [PMID: 674063 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0571042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
27
|
Chew BP, Randel RD, Rouquette FM, Erb RE. Effects on dietary monensin and sex of calf on profiles of serum progesterone and estrogen in late pregnancy of first-cross Brahman-Hereford cows. J Anim Sci 1978; 46:1316-25. [PMID: 670106 DOI: 10.2527/jas1978.4651316x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
28
|
Keller HF, Chew BP, Erb RE, Malven PV. Estrogen dynamics and hormonal differences associated with lactational performance of cows induced to lactate. J Dairy Sci 1977; 60:1617-23. [PMID: 562359 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)84078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
Erb RE, Chew BP, Keller HF. Relative concentrations of estrogen and progesterone in milk and blood, and excretion of estrogen in urine. J Anim Sci 1977; 45:617-26. [PMID: 903313 DOI: 10.2527/jas1977.453617x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
30
|
Sitarz NE, Erb RE, Martin TG, Singleton WL. Relationships between blood plasma testosterone, weaning treatment, daily gains and certain physical traints of young Angus bulls. J Anim Sci 1977; 45:342-9. [PMID: 903308 DOI: 10.2527/jas1977.452342x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
31
|
Erb RE, Surve AH, Randel RD, Garverick HA. Urinary creatinine as an index of urinary excretion of estrogen in cows prepartum and postpartum. J Dairy Sci 1977; 60:1057-63. [PMID: 881473 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)83988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urine was collected from 55 cows via indwelling urinary catheters for periods of 12 h on different days (28 days prepartum to 60 days postpartum). Excretion of urinary creatinine (mg/h per kg bodyweight) among Holsteins increased from .94 on day 28 prepartum to 1.14 on day .5 postpartum and then decreased to .82 on days 30 to 45 of lactation. Excretion of creatinine among 12-h collections of urine on different days did not differ for groups of cows within periods prepartum and postpartum, and coefficients of variation within cows were 12 to 13%. Ratio of urinary estradiol (-17 alpha) to urinary creatinine was correlated (.93) more highly with its excretion based on volume of urine excreted than was its urinary concentration (.79) within periods prepartum and postpartum. Ratios of urinary metabolites to urinary creatinine rather than their concentrations should be used to express rates of excretion in cows' urine when urine excreted per hour is unknown. Moreover, daily rates of excretion of estradiol in urine can be estimated [ng estradiol/day = A X ng/mg urinary creatinine x kg bodyweight x 24 h, where A is average excretion of urinary creatinine (mg/h per kg bodyweight)] for respective days prepartum and postpartum.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chew BP, Keller HF, Erb RE, Malven PV. Periparturient concentrations of prolactin, progesterone and the estrogens in blood plasma of cows retaining and not retaining fetal membranes. J Anim Sci 1977; 44:1055-60. [PMID: 873860 DOI: 10.2527/jas1977.4461055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
Concentrations of prolactin were similar in aliquots of the same milk sample stored for 2 days at 4 C or --23 C but averaged lower if prepared for assay at 30 C than if prepared at 40 or 50 C. Average deviations in prolactin between duplicate measurements relative to respective treatment averages were lowest generally when technique of mixing included vortexing for 5 s immediately prior to pipetting volumes of milk for assay. The average deviation of differences in prolactin among duplicate measurements relative to average concentrations of prolactin were about the same for colostrum, milk, and blood plasma (11, 17, and 14%) stored frozen. Prolactin can be measured reliably in frozen cow's milk provided samples are warmed to 40 C to 50 C and mixed thoroughly when prepared for assay.
Collapse
|
34
|
Erb RE, Chew BP, Keller HF, Malven PV. Effect of hormonal treatments prior to lactation on hormones in blood plasma, milk, and urine during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 1977; 60:557-65. [PMID: 864043 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)83902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Keller HF, Chew BP, Erb RE, Malven PV. Mammary transfer of hormones and constituents into secretions when cows were milked or secretions were samples prepartum. J Dairy Sci 1977; 60:546-56. [PMID: 864042 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)83901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
Sitarz NE, Erb RE, Martin TG, Malven PV. Effect of repeated sampling on concentrations of testosterone, LH and prolactin in blood of yearling Angus bulls. Theriogenology 1977; 7:151-8. [PMID: 873038 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(77)90242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
37
|
Erb RE, Sitarz E, Malven PV. Blood plasma and milk prolactin, and effects of sampling technique on composition of milk from suckled ewes. J Dairy Sci 1977; 60:197-203. [PMID: 838924 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(77)83854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Relations of techniques of sampling milk to its composition and concentrations of prolactin in blood plasma and milk from 59 suckled ewes were compared; Prolactin in milk and blood samples 0 to 2 h (hour 0) after removal of lambs did not differ significantly within autumn or summer, but both were doubled in summer. After the hour 0 sampling (summer only), one side of the udder of each of 12 ewes (group 1) was milked hourly for 4 h, and the opposite side was milked only at 0 and 4 h. Group 2 ewes were milked only at 0 and 4 h and blood was collected from both groups at 0 h and 4 h. Concentrations of prolactin were correlated in pairs of milk or blood samples from the same ewe and in plasma and milk of ewes in group 2 but not in group 1. Prolactin in milk increased between 0 h and 4 h in groups 1 and 2. Although milk lactose and prolactin concentrations differed among hourly samples, their average was similar to that of milk accumulated in the contralateral side for 4 h (group 1). Variations among ewes in progesterone of plasma indicated luteal activity during autumn and none during summer. Prolactin was unchanged in milk stored at -23 C for 30 days. The hour-0 milk-sampling technique was satisfactory to compare among individuals the concentrations of prolactin, total protein, or somatic cells in milk but not percentage fat and lactose, or milk yield due to variable time from last suckling to milking at hour 0.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Estrogen stimulates development of mammary ducts, and progesterone and estrogen stimulate proliferation of secretory tissues. In vivo, sequential addition of insulin (step 1), glucocorticoid (step 2), and prolcatin (step 3) leads to biosynthesis of casein and lactose. In cows, mammogenesis continues until termination of pregnancy and overlaps onset of lactation. Progesterone probably inhibits differentiation of secretory cells at step 2 or step 3. Sensitivity of individual cells to progestational inhibition may decrease variably which may be interdependent upon relative increases in estrogen, prolactin, corticoids, and growth hormone to cause asynchronies among them at calving. Since prolactin in plasma is not correlated with progesterone or the estrogens, factors other than feed-back effects of ovarian steroids may be responsible for its sustained increase periparturiently. Also, elevated prolactin periparturiently may be unrelated to subsequent rates of lactation because its "basal" concentrations may meet requirements when inhibiting effects of progesterone are removed. This concept is attractive because mammary cells neither are synchronized highly for biosynthesis nor secrete normal milk for several days after calving. At the latter time, concentrations in plasma are low for progesterone and estrogen, similar to 3 days before calving for glucocoiticoids and prolactin, and increasing for insulin. Evidence of lactation under unusual circumstances was discussed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Erb RE, Malven PV, Monk EL, Mollett TA, Smith KL, Schanbacher FL, Willett LB. Hormone induced lactation in the cow. IV. Relationships between lactational performance and hormone concentrations in blood plasma. J Dairy Sci 1976; 59:1420-8. [PMID: 986408 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(76)84380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of progesterone, estrogen, and prolactin in plasma were compared among lactations induced in 29 cows by daily subcutaneous injections of .25 mg progesterone and .1 mg estradiol-17beta per kg body weight for 7 days. Superior, median, and inferior lactations were identified by ranking both weightage adjusted maximum milk yields in 7 consecutive days (average 144 +/- 9 kg) and days for milk yield to increase from 5 to 10 kg/day (15 +/- 3 days). Superior and inferior of the former averaged 189 and 101 kg, and their latter averaged 2 and 42 days. Plasma hormones were measured on day 0 before first treatment (day 1), and on days 7, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, and 35. Superior lactations were associated with below-average progesterone and estrogen in plasma on day 0, rapid decreases in progesterone after day 7 and in estrogen after day 14, and increased prolactin after 7. In comparison, median lactations were associated with elevated progesterone and estrogen after day 17, but prolactin was similar to that of superior lactations. Inferior lactations were associated with decreased prolactin in plasma from days 21 to 35. We hypothesized that (a) first treatment should start 3 to 8 days after estrus, (b) daily doses of estradiol-17beta should be decreased with progesterone unchanged for the 7 days, and (c) estradiol-17beta alone should be continued for 7 days to improve hormonally induced lactations.
Collapse
|
40
|
Erb RE, Garverick HA, Callahan CJ, Patton RS, Monk EL. Dietary urea for dairy cattle III. Effect on ovarian activity. Theriogenology 1976; 5:203-11. [PMID: 976582 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(76)90233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
41
|
Erb RE, Garverick HA, Randel RD, Brown BL, Callahan CJ. Profiles of reproductive hormones associated with fertile and nonfertile inseminations of dairy cows. Theriogenology 1976; 5:227-42. [PMID: 976584 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(76)90235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
42
|
Erb RE, Garverick HA, Patton RS, Randel RD, Monk EL, Udo-Aka MI, Callahan CJ. Dietary urea for dairy cattle IV. Effect on reproductive hormones. Theriogenology 1976; 5:213-26. [PMID: 976583 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(76)90234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
43
|
Kesler DJ, Peterson RC, Erb RE, Callahan CJ. Concentrations of hormones in blood and milk during and after induction of parturition in beef cattle with dexamethasone and estradiol-17beta. J Anim Sci 1976; 42:918-26. [PMID: 1262290 DOI: 10.2527/jas1976.424918x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
44
|
Mollett TA, Erb RE, Monk EL, Malven PV. Changes in estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and lactation traits associated with injection of estradiol-17beta and progesterone into lactating cows. J Anim Sci 1976; 42:655-63. [PMID: 1262277 DOI: 10.2527/jas1976.423655x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
45
|
Erb RE, Monk EL, Mollett TA, Malven PV, Callahan CJ. Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and other changes associated with bovine lactation induced with estradiol-17beta and progesterone. J Anim Sci 1976; 42:644-54. [PMID: 1262276 DOI: 10.2527/jas1976.423644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
46
|
Stickle RL, Erb RE, Fessler JF, Runnels LJ. Equine granulosa cell tumors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975; 167:148-51. [PMID: 1150506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral ovariectomy was performed on 3 mares affected with granulosa cell tumors. Tumor fluid in each mare was found to contain estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. In 2 mares, preoperative blood plasma concentrations of these hormones were comparable to those of a series of clinically normal mares. The other mare, which had a history of aggressive, masculine behavior, had higher testosterone content in the tumor fluid and in the preoperative blood sample. After surgical removal of the tumors, each mare developed follicles and ovulated with the remaining ovary. Each was eventually bred and 2 conceived. The probability of metastasis of these tumors in mares appears uncertain. Data from other species suggests a guarded long-term prognosis may be justified.
Collapse
|
47
|
McMurtry JP, Malven PV, Arave CW, Erb RE, Harrington RB. Environmental and lactational variables affecting prolactin concentrations in bovine milk. J Dairy Sci 1975; 58:181-9. [PMID: 1112941 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(75)84542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Relationships were examined between prolactin concentrations in bovine milk and various environmental and lactational variables. Prolactin was quantified by radioimmunoassay in 1.316 milk samples from two experiments. Environmental temperatures preceding milking, stage of lactation, daily miik yield, and dominance rank of the cow were correlated significantly with milk prolactin concentration. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine, in order of importance, the variables having significant independent effects on milk prolactin. Ambient temperature extremes, high and low, exerted the greatest effects and were each associated with elevated concentrations of prolactin. In Experiment I,conducted throughout the year, the variable representing maximum temperature preceding milking accounted for 14.3% of the variation in milk prolactin. In Experiment II, conducted during late fall and early winter, the minimum temperature preceding milking accounted for 21.1% of the variation. Although earlier stages of lactation and larger daily milk yields were associated with higher prolactin concentrations, inclusion of lactation stage in the stepwise regression model tended to eliminate almost all the variance of prolactinpreviously associated with daily yield. Dominance measurements indicated that more submissive cows had higher milk prolactin. Individual cows tended to have characteristic prolactin, but this tendency was eliminated by statistical adjustment of the data for environmental and lactational variables.
Collapse
|
48
|
Schmitt D, Garverick HA, Mather EC, Sikes JD, Day BN, Erb RE. Induction of parturition in dairy cattle with dexamethasone and estradiol benzoate. J Anim Sci 1975; 40:261-8. [PMID: 1116962 DOI: 10.2527/jas1975.402261x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
49
|
Monk EL, Erb RE, Mollett TA. Relationships between immunoreactive estrone and estradiol in milk, blood, and urine of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1975; 58:34-40. [PMID: 1112933 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(75)84514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantities of immunoreactive estrone and estradiol in blood plasma, urine, and milk were measured during the estrous cycle and pregnancy of cows. The objectives were to develop a radioimmunoassay procedure for quantifying estrogen in milk and urine and to compare changes in milk estrogen with those in blood plasma and urine. Concentrations of estrone and estradiol in milk varied during the estrous cycle. Relative concentrations of estradiol in blood plasma and milk were not different, but average estrone concentrations in milk were four times greater than those in blood plasma. Concentration of total estrogen (estradiol plus estrone) exceeded 1 ng/ml in colostrum and milk from cows milked prepartum, and was correlated with total estrogen in blood plasma and urine before and after calving. Blood plasma estrone was correlated only with milk estrone whereas blood plasma estradiol was correlated with urinary estradiol, milk estrone, and milk estradiol during the estrous cycle. These results raise possibilities that mammary gland of the lactating cow may concentrate preferentially estrone or convert estradiol to estrone. However, estimated excretion of estrogen through the milk represents no more than a fraction of 1% of the total excreted during the estrous cycle, and the proportion becomes less as gestation progresses up to at least 7 mo.
Collapse
|
50
|
Jones-Witters P, Hurley MJ, Phillips R, Brown BL, Erb RE. Characterization of metabolites in domestic sow urine after intravenous administration of radioactive estrogen and corticosteroids. J Dairy Sci 1975; 58:41-8. [PMID: 1112934 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(75)84515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We measured distribution of radioactivity among urinary metabolites excreted in nonpregnant and ovariectomized sows after intravenous injection of radionuclides (14carbon) labeled estrone, estradiol-17beta, cortisol, and corticosterone. Treatment with an enzyme preparation (Glusulase) containing both beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase activity, rendered extractable over 95% of the radioactivity recovered from urine with diethyl ether (estrogens) and ethyl acetate (corticoids). Only an additional 1 to 4% of the radioactivity was extracted following solvolysis of the aqueous residue remaining after enzyme hydrolysis and extraction. Radioactivity in nonpregnant sow urine was predominantly in the estrone fraction following injection of either estrone or estradiol-17beta. Moreover, the principal metabolite was estrone monoglucuronide. Only traces of estradiol-17beta and an estriol-like compound were detected. Two other isolates contained radioactivity. One compound probably was 2-methoxyestrone, but structure of the other compound (X1) could not be established. The principal urinary metabolites from injection of cortisol corresponded to chromatographic properties of tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone. Both metabolites were low in urine following injection of corticosterone. The major urinary metabolites from corticosterone injection corresponded to chromatographic properties of tetrahydrocorticosterone and corticosterone. Considerable radioactivity from injection of both corticoids was isolated in the cortol, cortolone, and 11-ketoetiocholanolone - 11beta-hydroxyetiocholanolone areas of chromatograms. The data for corticoids agree with similar data for the human being and cow.
Collapse
|