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Bianchi R, Boracchi M, Alfredo Clerici C, Del Gobbo A, Gentile G, Marchesi M, Zoja R. Comparison between prostitutes' and general women's homicides: The experience of the bureau of legal medicine of Milan and Hinterland over 26 years. Med Leg J 2020; 88:14-21. [PMID: 31895001 DOI: 10.1177/0025817219878027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a retrospective study of prostitutes' homicide in the Milanese area over a 26-year period (1993-2018), and compare the results with general women's homicides: 294 women were killed of whom 71 were prostitutes. In the general population, the type-victim is an Italian woman aged between 31 and 40 years suffering from no particular pathologies or drug dependence. Prostitutes are 10 years younger, mostly Italian, suffering from pathologies probably related to their activities. Prostitutes remain at high risk of violence, due to gaps in the crime prevention system.
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Bianchi R, Janin L. Corrigendum to: Burnout, depression and paranoid ideation: a cluster-analytic study. Occup Med (Lond) 2019; 69:77. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Albini E, Coletti A, Greco F, Pallotta M, Mondanelli G, Gargaro M, Belladonna M, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A, Orabona C. Identification of a 2-propanol analogue modulating the non-enzymatic function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:286-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pellegrino D, Bellina CR, Manca G, Boni G, Grosso M, Volterrani D, Desideri I, Bianchi F, Bottoni A, Ciliberti V, Salimbeni G, Gandini D, Castagna M, Zucchi V, Romanini A, Bianchi R. Detection of Melanoma Cells in Peripheral Blood and Sentinel Lymph Nodes by RT-PCR Analysis: A Comparative Study with Immunohistochemistry. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 86:336-8. [PMID: 11016721 DOI: 10.1177/030089160008600422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of lymph node metastases is the best prognostic factor for predicting relapse or survival in melanoma patients. It has been demonstrated that melanoma metastases spread through the first lymph node(s) draining the tumor (sentinel lymph node, SN) to the lymphatic system and that detection of melanoma cells in peripheral blood directly correlates with prognosis in melanoma. To identify lymph node metastases and circulating melanocytes, we developed a single-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) for detection of two melanoma-specific markers: the tyrosinase gene, which encodes an enzyme associated with melanin synthesis, and melanoma antigen-related T-cells, which are present in tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes. This method detects two tumor cells in a background of 107 lymphocytes. Thirty patients with stage I–IV cutaneous melanoma entered the study. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, one month after excision of the primary melanoma lesion and the SN or total lymphadenectomy, and before the start of chemotherapy and every three months thereafter in metastatic patients. SNs were collected from 22 patients, bisected and analyzed by RT-PCR and routine pathological and immunohistochemical tests. The preliminary results indicate that RT-PCR for melanoma markers is a sensitive and valuable method for the detection of micrometastases and for early diagnosis and staging of melanoma.
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Boni G, Bellina CR, Grosso M, Lucchi M, Manca G, Ambrogi MC, Volterrani D, Menconi G, Melfi FM, Gonfiotti A, Davini F, Angeletti CA, Bianchi R, Chella A. Gamma Probe-Guided Thoracoscopic Surgery of Small Pulmonary Nodules. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 86:364-6. [PMID: 11016731 DOI: 10.1177/030089160008600432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is an interesting and emerging procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral pulmonary nodules. We developed a new radioguided surgical technique for the detection during VATS of pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm, situated deep in the lung parenchyma and neither visible nor palpable with endoscopic instruments. The procedure is divided into two phases. Two hours before surgery 0.3 ml of a solution composed of 0.2 mL of 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin microspheres (5–10 MBq) and 0.1 mL of non-ionic contrast is injected into the lesion under CT guidance. Then the patient is submitted to VATS. During thoracoscopy a collimated probe of 11 mm diameter connected to a gamma ray detector is introduced via an 11.5 mm trocar and the pleural surface of the suspected area is scanned. A hot spot indicates the presence of the radiolabeled nodule and hence the area to be resected. We treated 39 patients with small pulmonary nodules (mean size, 8.3 mm; range, 4–19 mm). The patients were 27 men and 12 women (mean age, 60.8 years; range, 13–80 years). Nineteen patients had a history of synchronous or metachronous malignancy. In all cases the nodule was detected and resected and the resection margins were pathologically free of tumor. Histological examination showed 21 benign and 18 malignant lesions (7 metastases and 11 primary lung cancers). Nine patients with a frozen section-based histopathological diagnosis of lung cancer without functional contraindications underwent a completion lobectomy by open surgery in the same surgical session. In conclusion, the radiolocalization of small pulmonary nodules by gamma probe during VATS is a safe and easy procedure, with fewer complications and a lower failure rate than other localization techniques.
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Machiels JP, Bossi P, Menis J, Lia M, Fortpied C, Liu Y, Lhommel R, Lemort M, Schmitz S, Canevari S, De Cecco L, Guzzo M, Bianchi R, Quattrone P, Crippa F, Duprez T, Lalami Y, Quiriny M, de Saint Aubain N, Clement P, Coropciuc R, Hauben E, Licitra L. Activity and safety of afatinib in a window preoperative EORTC study in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Ann Oncol 2018; 29:985-991. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pallotta M, Iacono A, Albini E, Orabona C, Belladonna M, Bianchi R, Coletti A, Greco F, Macchiarulo A, Grohmann U. Towards the identification of the mechanism of action of antitumor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy047.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bianchi R, Lichtenthäler A. Empirical Redundancy of Burnout and Depression: Evidence from Time-standardized Measures. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBurnout and depression are ordinarily assessed within different time frames. Burnout is most frequently assessed on an annual or a monthly basis whereas depression is generally assessed over a one- or two-week period. This state of affairs may have partly obscured the burnout-depression relationship in past research and contributed to an underestimation of burnout-depression overlap.ObjectivesWe investigated burnout-depression overlap using time-standardized measures of the two constructs. We additionally examined whether burnout and depression were differently associated with work-related effort and reward, occupational social support, and intention to quit the job.MethodsWe enrolled 257 Swiss schoolteachers (76% female; mean age: 45). Burnout was assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure and depression with a dedicated module of the Patient Health Questionnaire. Work-related effort and reward were measured with a short version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale and occupational social support with a subscale of the Job Content Questionnaire. Intention to quit the job was assessed with 3 generic items (e.g., “I plan on leaving my job within the next year”).ResultsWe observed a raw correlation of .82 and a disattenuated correlation of .91 between burnout and depression. Burnout's dimensions (physical fatigue; cognitive weariness; emotional exhaustion) did not correlate more strongly with each other (mean r = .63) than with depression (mean r = .69). Burnout and depression showed similar associations with the job-related factors under scrutiny.ConclusionsBurnout and depression may be empirically-redundant constructs. Measurement artifacts probably contributed to an underestimation of burnout-depression overlap in many studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lichtenthäler A, Bianchi R. A Person-centered Approach to Burnout-depression Overlap. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBurnout has widely infiltrated the popular culture and has been extensively studied in both psychiatry and psychology. However, there are currently no consensual or binding diagnostic criteria for burnout. A major obstacle to the elevation of burnout to the status of nosological category is the overlap of burnout with depression.ObjectivesWe examined whether burnout and depressive symptoms can be distinguished from each other using a person-centered approach.MethodsA total of 1759 French schoolteachers took part in the present study (77% female; mean age: 41; mean length of employment: 15). Burnout symptoms were assessed with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (14 items) and depressive symptoms with a dedicated module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (9 items). Data were primarily processed using two-step cluster analysis. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were additionally carried out.ResultsConsidered as continuous variables, burnout and depression were found to be closely intertwined (r = 0.81; disattenuated correlation: 0.91). Our cluster analysis revealed four different participant profiles, identifiable as “minimal burnout-depression” (n = 542; 31%), “low burnout-depression” (n = 566; 32%), “medium burnout-depression” (n = 412; 23%), and “high burnout-depression” (n = 239; 14%). Burnout and depression played equivalently important roles in cluster construction. Our ANOVA confirmed that the four clusters differed from each other in terms of burnout and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the view that the burnout syndrome is depressive in nature. A diagnostic category dedicated to burnout may therefore not be needed.
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Bianchi R, Schonfeld I, Laurent E. Is it Time to Characterize Burnout as a Depressive Syndrome? A Review of Recent Research. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMore than 40 years after the introduction of the construct in the literature, the status of “burnout” remains unclear. Whether burnout is anything other than a depressive syndrome has been increasingly discussed in recent years.ObjectivesWe examined the extent to which burnout can be considered distinct from depression.MethodsWe reviewed the literature dedicated to burnout-depression overlap over the last decade.ResultsRecent research suggests that burnout and depression overlap in terms of (a) etiology, with (chronic) unresolvable stress a common, key causal factor, (b) clinical picture and course, with burnout and depressive manifestations inextricably linked such that they increase or decrease together over time, (c) cognitive biases, with burnout and depressive symptoms similarly predicting increased attention to negative stimuli and decreased attention to positive stimuli, (d) dispositional correlates (e.g, neuroticism, rumination, pessimism), and (e) allostatic load—an index of the biological cost of adaptation to life adversity. Hypocortisolism has been linked to both burnout and depression with atypical features—a highly prevalent form of depression. The often-invoked argument that burnout is singularized by its job-related character is actually invalid given that (a) depression can also be job-related and (b) the “job-relatedness” of a syndrome is not nosologically discriminant in itself.ConclusionsRobust evidence that burnout overlaps with depression has accumulated in recent years. The burnout construct is unlikely to capture a distinct pathological phenomenon. We propose that burnout be characterized as a depressive syndrome for the sake of conceptual parsimony, theoretical clarity, and effective public health policies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bianchi R, Schonfeld I, Vandel P, Laurent E. On the depressive nature of the “burnout syndrome”: A clarification. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 41:109-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Martelli AG, Bianchi R, Boldrighini B, Bosoni M, De Vuono A, Flores D'Arcais A, Gargantini G, Longhi R, Ortisi MT, Racchi E, Parola L. Monitoring the hospital management of acute asthma: the Italian Pediatric Network experience. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 48:228-232. [PMID: 27852427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Study Group on Accreditation and Quality Improvement of the Italian Society of Pediatrics has developed an observational study about the hospital management of pediatric patients affected by severe asthma, in order to evaluate how the Guidelines for severe asthma in childhood are applied in the daily practice. METHODS This study included patients between 2 and 17 years, hospitalized or under short intensive observation for acute asthma. The data collection was carried out through the compilation of on-line forms. The statistical technique used was the Chi Square test. RESULTS 409 forms were filled in by 32 Italian Centers. 17% of the patients showed severe asthma, 59% moderate and 24% mild. On arrival at the Emergency Room the oximetry was measured in 95% of the patients, the respiratory rate in 64% while the heart rate in 88% of them. 48% of the children were exposed to chest X-ray. More than half of the children received oxygen therapy, 98.5% received short-acting beta-2 agonists and systemic steroid therapy was given to 82% of children, mainly orally. At discharge only half of the children were provided with written instructions for the management of any subsequent asthmatic episode. The analysis of the collected data highlights that not all the children had their oxygen saturation measured, although this parameter is one of the main indicators of disease severity, as well as the respiratory rate, which was detected in a minimal percentage of cases. The frequency of chest X-ray was extremely high, even though it does not have any indication in the majority of asthma cases. The evaluation of the therapeutic treatment denotes an adequate use of the oxygen therapy according to the oximetry values found on arrival, but an abuse of steroid therapy. Critical issues emerge at discharge: children are not always educated about the home management of the disease and the self-evaluation of the illness seriousness. CONCLUSION The pediatric network has become an excellent system of monitoring of the clinical management of asthmatic children, highlighting strengths and weaknesses on which to focus actions of improvement.
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Chiusolo F, Diamanti A, Bianchi R, Fusco L, Elia M, Capriati T, Vigevano F, Picardo S. From intravenous to enteral ketogenic diet in PICU: A potential treatment strategy for refractory status epilepticus. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:843-847. [PMID: 27594068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to treat refractory status epilepticus (RSE). KD is a high-fat, restricted-carbohydrate regimen that may be administered with different fat to protein and carbohydrate ratios (3:1 and 4:1 fat to protein and carbohydrate ratios). Other ketogenic regimens have a lower fat and higher protein and carbohydrate ratio to improve taste and thus compliance to treatment. We describe a case of RSE treated with intravenous KD in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). CASE REPORT An 8-year-old boy was referred to the PICU because of continuous tonic-clonic and myoclonic generalized seizures despite several antiepileptic treatments. After admission he was intubated and treated with intravenous thiopental followed by ketamine. Seizures continued with frequent myoclonic jerks localized on the face and upper arms. EEG showed seizure activity with spikes on rhythmic continuous waves. Thus we decided to begin KD. The concomitant ileus contraindicated KD by the enteral route and we therefore began IV KD. The ketogenic regimen consisted of conventional intravenous fat emulsion, plus dextrose and amino-acid hyperalimentation in a 2:1 then 3:1 fat to protein and carbohydrate ratio. Exclusive IV ketogenic treatment, well tolerated, was maintained for 3 days; peristalsis then reappeared so KD was continued by the enteral route at 3:1 ratio. Finally, after 8 days and no seizure improvement, KD was deemed unsuccessful and was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS Our experience indicates that IV KD may be considered as a temporary "bridge" towards enteral KD in patients with partial or total intestinal failure who need to start KD. It allows a prompt initiation of KD, when indicated for the treatment of severe diseases such as RSE.
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Montinaro F, Nincheri D, Falli F, Giaconi G, Romoli L, Zalla T, Farfalla C, Vinattieri R, Consales G, Murtigni M, Silvestri V, Truglia M, Sestini S, Castagnoli A, Bianchi R, Pozzessere D, Scatizzi M. V-161VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC UPPER LOBE TRISEGMENTECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Iseas S, Coraglio M, Dieguez A, Eleta M, Bertoncini C, Tejerina H, Carballido M, Bianchi R, Leiro F, Mendez G, Barugel M, Roca E. P-127 Pathological versus clinical complete responders after preoperative treatment in rectal cancer: long term outcomes analysis. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw199.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bianchi R, Bossi P, Pistillo P, Locati L, Licitra L. Phase II study of preoperative TPF chemotherapy in molecularly selected resectable oral cavity cancer–Trial in progress. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv342.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bianchi R, Boffy C, Laurent E. Burnout is More Strongly Associated with Generic Factors Than with Job-related Factors. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Appierto L, Monti L, Valzani Y, Soglia G, Rossetti E, Bianchi R, Picardo SG. Pleural effusion in pediatric patients submitted to liver transplantation: ultrasound and radiological assessment. Crit Ultrasound J 2014. [PMCID: PMC4147844 DOI: 10.1186/2036-7902-6-s2-a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rossetti E, Bianchi R, Pro S, Di Capua M, Picardo S. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:972-973. [PMID: 24476846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Rossetti E, Bianchi R, Paglietti MG, Cutrera R, Picardo S. Severe phenotype of rapid-onset obesity, hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction syndrome. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:744-745. [PMID: 24492667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Hornemann T, Othman A, Eckardstein AV, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Lauria G, Bianchi R. L-serine supplementation suppresses the formaiton of neurotoxic deoxysphingolipids and improves neuropathy in a type 1 diabetic rat model. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bianchi R, Kinzler E, DiFalco R, Shah M, Aigner S. (404) Extraction testing of a novel extended-release, abuse-deterrent formulation of morphine, Morphine ARER, in common household solvents. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bianchi R, Schonfeld I. EPA-1146 – Depressive cognition does not discriminate burnout from depression. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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