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Sastri Chopra S, Deodhar K, Goda J, Pai V, Pant S, Rathod N, Waghmare S, Mahantshetty U, Engineer R, Ghosh J, Gupta S, Shrivastava S. PO-0806: Cervical cancer stem cells and response to chemo-radiation in locally advanced cervical cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gupta S, Parab P, Kerkar R, Mahantshetty U, Maheshwari A, Sastri S, Engineer R, Hawaldar R, Ghosh J, Gulia S, Godbole S, Kumar N, Malliga J, Dalvi R, Kembhavi Y, Gaikar M, Ranade R, Tongaonkar H, Badwe R, Shrivastava S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NACT-surgery) versus concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy (CTRT) in patients with stage IB2 to IIB squamous carcinoma of cervix: A randomized controlled trial (RCT). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sastri S, Pant S, Lewis S, Rajamanickam K, Naga P, Bhardwaj N, Dandpani E, Mahantshetty U, Engineer R, Menachery S, Swamidas J, Ghosh J, Gupta S, Shrivastava S. Hematological Toxicity during Pelvic IMRT Versus 3DCRT: Secondary Analysis from Phase 3 RCT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nayak A, Engineer R, Mahantshetty U, Sastri S, Swamidas J, Shrivastava S, Sable N. Transabdominal Ultrasonography Based High Dose Rate Conformal Intracavitary Brachytherapy in Cervical Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Engineer R, Sastri S, George G. Retrospective Study on the Dosimetric and Clinical Evaluation of Duodenal Toxicity in Those Who Underwent Radiation Therapy for Cancers of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and Gynecological Cancers Who Received Extended Field Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rajamanickam K, Sastri S, Mahantshetty U, Dora T, Bharadwaj N, Engineer R, Menachery S, Phurailatpam R, Ghosh J, Gupta S, Shrivastava S. Prospective Validation of Dose Volume Constraints for Acute Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Patients Undergoing Adjuvant IMRT for Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vallam KC, Guruchannabasavaiah B, Agrawal A, Rangarajan V, Ostwal V, Engineer R, Saklani A. Carcinoembryonic antigen directed PET-CECT scanning for postoperative surveillance of colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:907-911. [PMID: 28444968 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM During the follow-up of surgically resected colorectal cancer (CRC), positron emission tomography-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (PET-CECT) is indicated for asymptomatic elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) > 5 ng/ml and no obvious site of recurrence on clinical examination and basic imaging. As an institutional policy, a PET-CECT scan was performed at our institute whenever (1) CEA levels rose above 5 ng/ml and (2) CEA values were doubled (even if the CEA level was < 5 ng/ml). Our aim was to correlate the range of CEA elevation with recurrence rates and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of PET-CECT scanning in this setting. METHOD We retrospectively analysed all cases where a PET-CECT scan was performed for elevated CEA levels during surveillance visits after complete resection of the primary tumour followed by adjuvant therapy. This study was conducted from 1 January 2013 to 31 July 2015. RESULTS In all, 104 patients underwent a PET-CECT scan for rising CEA values, and 62 patients (59.6%) were found to have recurrent disease. At CEA levels < 5, 5.1-10, 10.1-15, 15.1-50 and > 50 ng/ml, disease recurred in 10%, 45%, 70%, 94% and 100% patients, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the PET-CECT scan were 92.7%, 95.2%, 96.2% and 90.9%, respectively. Elevation of CEA levels during follow-up was indicative of recurrence in 68% of the secretors and 45% of the non-secretors (based on baseline CEA status). CONCLUSION In the setting of rising CEA levels during follow-up of patients with CRC, a PET-CECT scan is a valuable tool to detect recurrence, irrespective of the baseline CEA secretor status. The likelihood of recurrence of disease was directly proportional to the value of the raised CEA level.
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Gupta S, Parab P, Kerkar R, Mahantshetty U, Maheshwari A, Sastri S, Engineer R, Hawaldar R, Ghosh J, Gulia S, Godbole S, Kumar N, Malliga J, Dalvi R, Kembhavi Y, Gaikar M, Ranade R, Tongaonkar H, Badwe R, Shrivastava S. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NACT-surgery) versus concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy (CTRT) in patients with stage IB2 to IIB squamous carcinoma of cervix: A randomized controlled trial (RCT). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx440.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rajamanickam K, Chopra S, Engineer R, Ostwal V, Patil P, Mehta S, Dhandpani E, Joshi K, Shrivastava S. EP-1249: Changes in normal liver volume after high dose radiation in cancer of the liver. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Loyal A, Engineer R, Chopra S, Sawant M, Jain G, Shrivastava S. Correlation of Radiotherapy Doses with Toxicities in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Gall Bladder Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rajamanickam K, Chopra S, Engineer R, Ostwal V, Patil P, Mehta S, Dandpani E, Joshi K, Shrivastava S. Changes in Normal Liver Volume after Radiation in Cancer of the Liver: a Case Series. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vallam K, Channabasavaiah G, Agarwal A, Rangarajann V, Ostwal V, Engineer R, Saklani A. 182P Serum CEA directed PET-CECT scan strategy for followup of colorectal cancer post curative therapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw581.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Singh R, Chopra S, Engineer R, Kannan S, Paul S, Mohanty S, Swamidas J, Mahantshetty U, Ghosh J, Maheshwari A, Kerkar R, Gupta S, Shrivastava S. Impact of Cumulative Radiation Doses to Vagina on Late Toxicity and Sexual Quality of Life in Patients Treated With Postoperative Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vallam KC, Engineer R, Desouza A, Patil P, Saklani A. High nodal positivity rates even in good clinical responders after chemoradiation of rectal cancer: is organ preservation feasible? Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:976-982. [PMID: 26362820 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Local excision (LE) is emerging as a treatment option for rectal cancer responding well to chemoradiation. However, it does not address the mesorectal nodal burden. We aimed to identify the factors influencing nodal positivity and subsequently defined a low-risk group by including only patients at low risk. METHOD A single-centre, retrospective database analysis was carried out of patients with radically resected rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. RESULTS This study included 524 patients with predominantly low rectal tumours. Nodal positivity among ypT0, T1 and T2 groups was 14.7%, 28% and 30%, respectively. Multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression identified the following low-risk features: age ≥ 40 years, nonsignet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) histology and pathological complete response (pCR). Sixty-nine patients fulfilling all three criteria were analysed and the nodal positivity was found to be 10.1%, which implies that, if these patients had been selected for LE, one in 10 would have had positive mesorectal nodes. CONCLUSION Even in patients with low-risk criteria (pCR, non-SRCC histology and age ≥ 40 years), the residual positive nodal disease burden is 10%. Whether this high incidence of residual nodal disease translates into a similar risk of locoregional recurrence if an organ-preservation strategy is adopted is unclear.
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Bhattacharjee D, Engineer R. An Improved Technique for the Determination of Isocyanurate and Isocyanate Conversion by Photoacoustic FTIR. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x9603200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional rigid polyisocyanurate (PUIR) foams blown with HCFC-141b often suffer from poorer compressive strengths, dimensional stability and inferior flammability properties when compared to foams blown with CFC-11. It is often hypothesized that these properties can be improved by increasing the isocyanurate (or "trimer") conversion by means of catalyst optimization and increased isocyanate index. A convenient, yet reliable method for the determination of the amount of isocyanurate in a PUIR foam has been missing in this industry for a long time, though several attempts have been documented in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an improved isocyanurate conversion test by photoacoustic Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) technique. This involves creating a baseline through three anchor points at approximately 1637 cm−1, 1469 cm−1, and 1349 cm−1. The absorbance of the isocyanurate peak at 1410 cm−1 is taken relative to the absorbance of the phenyl peak at 1602 cm−1. The phenyl peak is preferred to the urethane peak because the absorbance of phenyl groups in a foam is inherent to the amounts of polyols and isocyanates used in the foaming reaction, whereas the urethane linkages in the foam are created by a reaction between the two and are, therefore, variable depending on the extent of the reaction in the presence of catalysts and possibly water. In addition, the relative ratios of the absorbances of isocyanate end groups (at 2277 cm−1) and carbodiimide groups (at 2136 cm−1) to the phenyl groups can also be determined by generating a baseline through the anchor points at approximately 2470 cm−1, 2207 cm−1 and 2000 cm−1. This allows one to gain a better assessment of the overall kinetics of the isocyanate reactions and creates opportunities to improve the isocyanurate conversion through formulation optimization. The method is not limited to polyisocyanurate foams, as isocyanate conversion is an important parameter to follow in polyurethane foams as well, especially in all carbon dioxide blown foams. The method was found to be quite reproducible, and further statistical analysis to ensure the validity of this technique is under way.
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Chopra S, Mohanty S, Mahantshetty U, Kannan S, Engineer R, Mechanery S, Phurailatpam R, Ghosh J, Gupta S, Shrivastava S. PO-0730: QOL after postoperative IMRT for cervical cancer: results from matched pair analysis with 3DCRT. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Engineer R, Chopra S, Mahantshetty U, Maheshwari A, Kerkar R, Phurailatpam R, Swamidas J, Shrivastava S. OC-0353: EBRT and interstitial brachytherapy for recurrent vault carcinomas: Factors influencing the outcomes. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pai VD, Jatal S, Engineer R, Ostwal V, Saklani AP. Multidisciplinary management of colorectal adenocarcinoma associated with anal fistula: an Indian series. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:O240-6. [PMID: 26299716 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adenocarcinomas associated with anal fistula are rare and often present at an advanced stage. They are often mistaken for commonly occurring benign diseases, leading to delayed diagnosis. Previous reports have predicted inferior oncological outcomes for these cases compared with sporadic rectal cancers. We are presenting our series of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma associated with anal fistula who were treated with multimodality therapy at a tertiary cancer centre in India. METHOD This was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients treated at our centre between 1 July 2013 and 31 March 2015. Of the 15 patients included in the study, 11 had prior intervention in the form of seton placement or fistulotomy. Fourteen patients had circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement at initial workup and hence were given neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT). None of the patients had distant metastasis and only 15% had regional nodal involvement. RESULTS All 13 patients included in the final analysis underwent abdominoperineal excision (APE). Ten patients (73%) underwent extralevator APE. Plastic reconstruction in the form of a V-Y advancement flap for perineal closure was required in six patients (46%). On histopathological examination, a mucinous component was found to be present in 11 patients (73%). The quality of total mesorectal excision was complete in 92% patients. The CRM was free in 92% of patients. Median overall survival and disease-free survival were not reached. CONCLUSION Colorectal adenocarcinomas associated with fistula are locally aggressive malignancies with a low incidence of lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. NACRT, wider resection in the form of extralevator APE, and liberal use of plastic reconstruction may result in favourable outcomes.
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Engineer R, Gupta P, Chopra S, Patil P, Ostwal V, Dsouza A, Saklani A, Arya S, Shrivastava S. PO-0708: Achieving further response in poor responders to NACRT in by chemotherapy in rectal cancers - prospective study. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rosenblatt E, Jones G, Valentini V, Gambacorta M, Menon T, Engineer R, Robertson B, Frobe A, Ulloa-Balmaceda A, Ospino-Pena R, Nuryadi E, Nagarajan M, Lakier R. OC-0190: Short-course radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: an IAEA randomized trial. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mahantshetty U, Teni T, Hotwani C, Sagar S, Hande V, Engineer R, Chopra S, Shrivastava S. OC-0492: Estimation of HPV 16 and 18 subtypes, viral load and correlation with response to radio (chemo) therapy in cervical cancers. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Engineer R, Chopra S, Mehta S, Patil P, Goel M, Shrivastava S. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Can Downstage and Improve Resectability Rates in Locally Advanced Unresectable Gall Bladder Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mahantshetty U, Nachankar A, Ghadi Y, Chaudhari S, Jamema S, Engineer R, Chopra S, Deshpande D, Shrivastava S. A Study to Evaluate CTV to PTV Margins for Pelvic Nodal Region and CTV to ITV Margins for Utero-cervical Complex During Cervical Cancer Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chopra S, Patidar A, Dora T, Moirangthem N, Paul SN, Engineer R, Mahantshetty U, Shrivastava SK. Vaginal displacement during course of adjuvant radiation for cervical cancer: results from a prospective IG-IMRT study. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140428. [PMID: 25135439 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare internal target volume (ITV) generated using population-based displacements (ITV_study) with empty and full bladder scan fusion (ITV_EBFB) for organ-at-risk (OAR) doses during adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer. METHODS From January 2011 to October 2012, patients undergoing IMRT were included. CT simulation was carried out after inserting vault markers. Planning target volume (PTV)_EBFB received 50 Gy per 25 fractions. Pre-treatment megavoltage CT (MVCT) was performed. MVCTs were registered using bony landmarks with Day 1 MVCT. Displacement of the centre of mass of markers was measured along each axis. Directional ITV was calculated using mean ± 2 standard deviations (SDs) (ITV_study). Replanning was performed using PTV study, and OAR doses were compared with PTV_EBFB using Wilcoxon test. RESULTS A total of 348/386 data sets were evaluable for 16 patients. The median vaginal displacement was 1.2 mm (SD, 1.3 mm), 4.0 mm (SD, 3.5 mm) and 2.8 mm (SD, 3.3 mm) in the mediolateral, superoinferior and anteroposterior directions, respectively. The ITV margins were 4.1, 10.3 and 10.6 mm. ITV_study and ITV_EBFB were 115.2 cm(3) (87.7-152.2 cm(3)) and 151 cm(3) (95.7-277.1 cm(3)) (p < 0.0001), respectively. PTV_study and PTV_EBFB were 814 and 881 cm(3) (p < 0.0001), respectively. Median doses to the bladder were lower with the PTV_study (46.2 Gy vs 43.2 Gy; p = 0.0001), and a similar trend was observed in the volume of the small bowel receiving 40 Gy (68.2 vs 60.1 cm(3); p = 0.09). CONCLUSION Population-based PTV margins can lead to reduction in OAR doses. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Population-based ITV may reduce OAR doses while executing adjuvant IMRT for cervical cancer.
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Aggarwal A, Chopra S, Paul SN, Engineer R, Srivastava SK. Evaluation of internal target volume in patients undergoing image-guided intensity modulated adjuvant radiation for gastric cancers. Br J Radiol 2013; 87:20130583. [PMID: 24288401 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) displacements of gastric remnant during adjuvant radiation. METHODS From January 2011 to September 2012, patients undergoing adjuvant image-guided intensity-modulated radiation on tomotherapy were included. Megavoltage CT (MVCT) data sets from daily treatment were coregistered with Day 1 MVCT. Residual stomach remnant was delineated on the data set, while the remaining were blinded to previous day contours. Gastric volume and centre of mass (COM) were determined for all data sets. The 3D deviation of COM was calculated for each fraction. Mean 3D and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each patient and study population, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Also, systematic and random errors for patient population and internal target volume (ITV) margin were calculated using the van Herk formula. RESULTS There were 119 images available for 15 patients. Mean volume of remnant was 319 cm(3) (146-454 cm(3)). Gastric remnant expanded in different directions with no specific directional expansion. Average deviations in mediolateral, superoinferior and anteroposterior directions were 9 mm (3-25 mm; SD, 5 mm), 6 mm (3-16 mm; SD, 4 mm) and 5 mm (1-10 mm; SD, 3 mm), respectively, with 95% CI of 18, 15 and 11 mm, and ITV margins of 19.2, 13.5 and 7.8 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION There is large variation in gastric remnant volume during the course of radiation. Large displacements observed in the present study necessitate the need to investigate adaptive techniques for optimizing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) delivery. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE An adaptive strategy needs to be developed to optimize IMRT delivery for adjuvant gastric irradiation.
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