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Houdmont J, Clemes S, Munir F, Wilson K, Kerr R, Addley K. Psychosocial work environment and leisure-time physical activity: the Stormont Study. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:215-9. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Finch G, Read K, Kilvington C, Dalal A, McClennan A, Kerr R, Rogerson N. Impact of tongue tie surgery on infant feeding behaviour. Appetite 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gustafson MP, Matsumoto K, Janikowski J, Kerr R, MacFarlane DR, Winther-Jensen B. Novel polymerisation of conducting thienothiophenes via vapour phase polymerisation: a comparative study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10200b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Addley K, Boyd S, Kerr R, McQuillan P, Houdmont J, McCrory M. The impact of two workplace-based health risk appraisal interventions on employee lifestyle parameters, mental health and work ability: results of a randomized controlled trial. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2014; 29:247-258. [PMID: 24399261 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyt113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Health risk appraisals (HRA) are a common type of workplace health promotion programme offered by American employers. In the United Kingdom, evidence of their effectiveness for promoting health behaviour change remains inconclusive. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of two HRA interventions on lifestyle parameters, mental health and work ability in a UK context. A total of 180 employees were randomized into one of three groups: Group A (HRA augmented with health promotion and education activities), Group B (HRA only) and Group C (control, no intervention). After 12 months, changes in mean scoring in 10 lifestyle, mental health and work ability indices were compared, Groups A and B demonstrated non-significant improvements in 70% and 80%, respectively, compared with controls (40%). Odds ratios revealed that, compared with the control group, Group A was 29.2 (95% CI: 9.22-92.27) times more likely to report a perceived change in lifestyle behaviour; Group B 4.4 times (95% CI: 1.65-11.44). In conclusion, participation in the HRA was associated with a higher likelihood of perceived lifestyle behaviour change which was further increased in the augmented HRA group, thereby providing preliminary evidence that HRA and augmented HRA in particular may help UK employees make positive healthy lifestyle changes.
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Abstract
The effect of an underwater environment on the human motor capacity, as measured by Fitts' Law, was determined. Five Ss performed a reciprocal tapping task both on land and underwater. The results showed that movement time (MT) was significantly slower (p < 01) underwater than on land. Underwater the amplitude of the movement was found to have a greater influence on MT than the required precision of the movement. On land the reverse was found to be true with movement precision having a greater influence on MT.
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Khan MM, Tait RC, Kerr R, Ludlam CA, Lowe GDO, Murray W, Watson HG. Hepatitis C infection and outcomes in the Scottish haemophilia population. Haemophilia 2013; 19:870-5. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fahey S, Kerr R, Hamlin M. Secular trends in body mass and physical activity of New Zealand adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Holladay SD, Kerr R, Holladay JP, Meldrum B, Williams SM, Gogal RM. Persistent increase of blood lead level and suppression of δ-ALAD activity in northern bobwhite quail orally dosed with even a single 2-mm spent lead shot. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 63:421-428. [PMID: 22562752 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Birds that display grit ingestion behavior are potentially at risk of lead (Pb) poisoning from mistaken ingestion of spent Pb shot pellets. The majority of available studies designed to assess such risk have used unspent shot pellets rather than field-obtained spent shot, which is oxidized and otherwise changed by weathering. Available studies also often administered more or heavier shot pellets to a bird than it might be expected to ingest. The current study dosed northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) weighing 194.6 ± 23.1 g (female birds) and 199.3 ± 12.2 g (male birds) with one to three spent no. 9 Pb shot collected from a skeet range, with particular interest in the toxicity that may occur from ingestion of a single 2-mm, 50 mg shot. An 8 week post-dosing clinical observation period was employed, over which feed consumption, body weight, blood Pb levels, and a battery of blood physiological parameters were made. Weight loss occurred in the birds, including male birds dosed with one Pb pellet. Erythrocyte delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) levels were decreased for the duration of the study across exposures and to levels associated with injury in wild bird populations. Decreased ALAD was particularly severe in female birds dosed with one Pb pellet and was still 92 % decreased at 8 weeks after dosing. Together, these results suggest that inadvertent ingestion of a single no. 9 Pb shot pellet can adversely affect the health of northern bobwhite quail.
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Houdmont J, Kerr R, Addley K. Psychosocial factors and economic recession: the * Stormont Study. Occup Med (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Houdmont J, Kerr R, Addley K. Psychosocial factors and economic recession: the Stormont Study. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:98-104. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kromberg JGR, Bothwell J, Kidson SH, Manga P, Kerr R, Jenkins T. TYPES OF ALBINISM IN THE BLACK SOUTHERN AFRICA POPULATION. EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 89:20-27. [PMID: 26845807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is the most common inherited disorder in Southern African blacks and several types have been described. Molecular techniques, where available, can be used to confirm a clinical diagnosis and the type of OCA, if necessary, and for prenatal diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate and classify the different types of albinism commonly found and to determine the clinical implications for each type. DESIGN A descriptive survey. SETTING Gauteng province, South Africa, and Lesotho. SUBJECTS Three groups of subjects with OCA (96 from a genetics clinic, 62 from a dermatology clinic, and 31 from community surveys) from the black African population participated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subjects underwent clinical and/or dermatological examinations and were then classified according to type of OCA. RESULTS Four forms of OCA were identified: most (82%) subjects had OCA2 (a tyrosinase- positive type) with three sub-types: those without large freckles (ephelides) on exposed areas (named OCA 2a in this study), those with such freckles (named OCA 2b), and those with brown albinism (BOCA); the remainder had red/rufous albinism, ROCA (OCA 3). The four forms could be distinguished from each other clinically without using molecular genetic testing. CONCLUSION The most common types of albinism found in the black population of Southern Africa are OCA2 and OCA3. Given the high prevalence of the disorder, together with the high risk of skin cancer, and the recent persecution of affected individuals in certain East African countries, these findings and their clinical implications have significance in terms of both education and awareness for health professionals and lay people caring for those with albinism.
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Wu Z, Sweeney LB, Ayoob JC, Chak K, Andreone BJ, Ohyama T, Kerr R, Luo L, Zlatic M, Kolodkin AL. A combinatorial semaphorin code instructs the initial steps of sensory circuit assembly in the Drosophila CNS. Neuron 2011; 70:281-98. [PMID: 21521614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal axon fascicles within the Drosophila embryonic CNS provide connections between body segments and are required for coordinated neural signaling along the anterior-posterior axis. We show here that establishment of select CNS longitudinal tracts and formation of precise mechanosensory afferent innervation to the same CNS region are coordinately regulated by the secreted semaphorins Sema-2a and Sema-2b. Both Sema-2a and Sema-2b utilize the same neuronal receptor, plexin B (PlexB), but serve distinct guidance functions. Localized Sema-2b attraction promotes the initial assembly of a subset of CNS longitudinal projections and subsequent targeting of chordotonal sensory afferent axons to these same longitudinal connectives, whereas broader Sema-2a repulsion serves to prevent aberrant innervation. In the absence of Sema-2b or PlexB, chordotonal afferent connectivity within the CNS is severely disrupted, resulting in specific larval behavioral deficits. These results reveal that distinct semaphorin-mediated guidance functions converge at PlexB and are critical for functional neural circuit assembly.
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Gogal RM, Kerr R, Kingsley DH, Granata LA, LeRoith T, Holliman SD, Dancho BA, Flick GJ. High hydrostatic pressure processing of murine norovirus 1-contaminated oysters inhibits oral infection in STAT-1(-/-)-deficient female mice. J Food Prot 2011; 74:209-14. [PMID: 21333139 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that high pressure processing (HPP) is effective in preventing in vitro replication of murine norovirus strain 1 (MNV-1), a human norovirus surrogate, in a monocyte cell line following extraction from MNV-1-contaminated oysters. In the present study, the efficacy of HPP to prevent in vivo replication within mice fed HPP-treated MNV-1-seeded oyster extracts was evaluated. Oyster homogenate extracts seeded with MNV-1 were given 5-min, 400-MPa (58,016-psi) treatments and orally gavaged into immunodeficient (STAT-1(-/-)) female mice. Mice orally gavaged with HPP-treated MNV-1 showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) weight loss leading to enhanced morbidity, whereas those given 100 and 200 PFU of HPP-treated MNV-1 were comparable to uninfected controls. MNV-1 was detected, via real-time PCR, within the liver, spleen, and brain of all mice fed non-HPP-treated homogenate but was not detected in the tissues of mice fed HPP-treated homogenates or in uninfected control mice. Hepatocellular necrosis and lymphoid depletion in the spleen were observed in non-HPP-treated MNV-1 mice only. These results clearly show that HPP prevents MNV-1 infection in vivo and validates that viral inactivation by HPP in vitro is essentially equivalent to that in vivo. Further, the data suggest that HPP may be an effective food processing intervention for norovirus-contaminated shellfish and thus may decrease risk to both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals who consume shellfish.
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Shinn A, Collins C, García-Vásquez A, Snow M, Matějusová I, Paladini G, Longshaw M, Lindenstrøm T, Stone D, Turnbull J, Picon-Camacho S, Rivera CV, Duguid R, Mo T, Hansen H, Olstad K, Cable J, Harris P, Kerr R, Graham D, Monaghan S, Yoon G, Buchmann K, Taylor N, Bakke T, Raynard R, Irving S, Bron J. Multi-centre testing and validation of current protocols for the identification of Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea). Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1455-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kerr R, Kintisch E, Stokstad E. Will Deepwater Horizon Set a New Standard for Catastrophe? Science 2010; 328:674-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.328.5979.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Evans DGR, Baser ME, O'Reilly B, Rowe J, Gleeson M, Saeed S, King A, Huson SM, Kerr R, Thomas N, Irving R, MacFarlane R, Ferner R, McLeod R, Moffat D, Ramsden R. Management of the patient and family with neurofibromatosis 2: a consensus conference statement. Br J Neurosurg 2009; 19:5-12. [PMID: 16147576 DOI: 10.1080/02688690500081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A consensus conference on neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) was held in 2002 at the request of the United Kingdom (UK) Neurofibromatosis Association, with particular emphasis on vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. NF2 patients should be managed at specialty treatment centres, whose staff has extensive experience with the disease. All NF2 patients and their families should have access to genetic testing because presymptomatic diagnosis improves the clinical management of the disease. Some clinical manifestations of NF2, such as ocular abnormalities, can be detected in infancy; therefore, clinical screening for at-risk members of NF2 families can start at birth, with the first magnetic resonance (MRI) scan at 10-12 years of age. Minimal interference, maintenance of quality of life, and conservation of function or auditory rehabilitation are the cornerstones of NF2 management, and the decision points to achieve these goals for patients with different clinical presentations are discussed.
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Kerr R, Spinks W, Leicht A, Sinclair W. Predictors of 1000-m Outrigger Canoeing Performance. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29:675-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mustafa A, Holladay SD, Goff M, Witonsky SG, Kerr R, Reilly CM, Sponenberg DP, Gogal RM. An enhanced postnatal autoimmune profile in 24 week-old C57BL/6 mice developmentally exposed to TCDD. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 232:51-9. [PMID: 18534654 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure of mice to the environmental contaminant and AhR agonist, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), causes persistent postnatal suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. The extent to which prenatal TCDD may induce or exacerbate postnatal autoimmune disease remains unknown. In the present study, time-pregnant high affinity AhR C57BL/6 mice received a single oral administration of 0, 2.5, or 5 microg/kg TCDD on gestation day (gd) 12. Offspring of these mice (n=5/gender/treatment) were evaluated at 24 weeks-of-age and showed considerable immune dysregulation that was often gender-specific. Decreased thymic weight and percentages of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, and increased CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes, were present in the female but not male offspring. Males but not females showed decreased CD4(-)CD8(+) T cells, and increased Vbeta3(+) and Vbeta17a(+) T cells, in the spleen. Males but not females also showed increased percentages of bone marrow CD24(-)B220(+) B cell progenitors. Antibody titers to dsDNA, ssDNA and cardiolipin displayed increasing trends in both male and female mice, reaching significance for anti-dsDNA in both genders and for ssDNA in males at 5 microg/kg TCDD. Immunofluorescent staining of IgG and C3 deposition in kidney glomeruli increased in both genders of prenatal TCDD-exposed mice, suggestive of early stages of autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Collectively, these results show that exposure to TCDD during immune system development causes persistent humoral immune dysregulation as well as altered cell-mediated responses, and induces an adult profile of changes suggestive of increased risk for autoimmune disease.
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Seidman A, Conlin A, Moynahan M, Bach A, Troso-Sandoval T, Sugarman S, Forero A, Kerr R, Wright G, Hudis C. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in 3 dosing schedules with bevacizumab as first line therapy for HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: an interim safety analysis. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang K, Rappel WJ, Kerr R, Levine H. Quantifying noise levels of intercellular signals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:061905. [PMID: 17677298 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells often measure their local environment via the interaction of diffusible chemical signals with cell surface receptors. At the level of a single receptor, this process is inherently stochastic, but cells can contain many such receptors which can reduce the variability in the detected signal by suitable averaging. Here, we use explicit Monte Carlo simulations and analytical calculations to characterize the noise level as a function of the number of receptors. We show that the residual level approaches zero and that the correlation time, i.e., the waiting time needed to obtain statistically independent data, diverges, both for large receptor numbers. This result has important implications for such processes as eukaryotic chemotaxis.
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Vlychou M, Ostlere SJ, Kerr R, Athanasou NA. Low-grade osteosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus. Skeletal Radiol 2007; 36:459-62. [PMID: 17091307 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-006-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma uncommonly arises in craniofacial bones and has only rarely been reported to arise in the ethmoid sinus. Most primary osteosarcomas arising in paranasal sinuses are high-grade malignancies. A low-grade osteosarcoma arising in the ethmoid sinus has not previously been described. We report the clinical, radiological and histological findings of a case of low-grade (parosteal osteosarcoma-like) osteosarcoma which arose in the ethmoid sinus.
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Snow M, McKay P, McBeath AJA, Black J, Doig F, Kerr R, Cunningham CO, Nylund A, Devold M. Development, application and validation of a Taqman real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICALS 2006; 126:133-45; discussion 325-6. [PMID: 17058489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a disease of cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which was successfully eradicated from Scotland following its emergence in 1998. The rapid deployment of sensitive diagnostic methods for the detection of ISA virus (ISAV) was fundamental to the swift eradication of ISA disease in Scotland and continues to be of crucial importance to surveillance of the aquaculture industry. This study reports the development, validation, application and interpretation of two independent, highly sensitive and specific semi-quantitative Taqman real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) methods for the detection of ISAV. Such technology offers considerable advantages over conventional RT-PCR methods in current routine use for ISAV surveillance. These include an increased sensitivity, enhanced specificity, semi-quantification using endogenous controls, a lack of subjectivity in results interpretation, speed of processing and improved contamination control.
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Hevmach J, West H, Kerr R, Prager D, Sandler A, Herbst R, Stewart D, Dimery I, Johnson B. P-497 ZD6474 in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line treatment in patients with NSCLC: Results of the run-in phase of a two-part randomized Phase II study. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lilly M, Kuriakose P, Turturro F, Berdeja J, Kerr R, Surendranathan A, Black J, Frankel A. A phase II study of denileukin diftitox (ONTAK) in patients with fludarabine-refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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