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Govaerts R, Nic Lughadha E, Black N, Turner R, Paton A. The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Sci Data 2021; 8:215. [PMID: 34389730 PMCID: PMC8363670 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) is a comprehensive list of scientifically described plant species, compiled over four decades, from peer-reviewed literature, authoritative scientific databases, herbaria and observations, then reviewed by experts. It is a vital tool to facilitate plant diversity research, conservation and effective management, including sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits. To maximise utility, such lists should be accessible, explicitly evidence-based, transparent, expert-reviewed, and regularly updated, incorporating new evidence and emerging scientific consensus. WCVP largely meets these criteria, being continuously updated and freely available online. Users can browse, search, or download a user-defined subset of accepted species with corresponding synonyms and bibliographic details, or a date-stamped full dataset. To facilitate appropriate data reuse by individual researchers and global initiatives including Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Catalogue of Life and World Flora Online, we document data collation and review processes, the underlying data structure, and the international data standards and technical validation that ensure data quality and integrity. We also address the questions most frequently received from users. Measurement(s) | Vascular Plant • Species | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Tracheophyta | Sample Characteristic - Location | global |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.15035046
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Liu Y, Ong K, Korman I, Turner R, Leyden M, Zander-Fox D, Rombauts L. P–179 Timing of blastocyst observation on day 5: effect on the assessment to predict live birth, and the incorporation into a blastocyst selection model. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does variation in day 5 observation timing confound embryo-morphology-based live birth prediction, and is it possible to develop a robust comprehensive numerical prediction model.
Summary answer
Day 5 observation timing confounds embryo-morphology-based live birth prediction. A robust comprehensive numerical prediction model can be developed after considering a number of contributing variables.
What is known already
Embryo development is a dynamic process, and therefore the widely used static observations potentially lead to biased prediction of live birth outcomes. So far, little is known in regard to potential confounding impact of day 5 assessment timing on the static-morphology-based live birth prediction. In addition, the inter-observer variation in morphology-based embryo assessment requires a more robust system to improve consistency of selection.
Study design, size, duration
This retrospective multi-center cohort study included 8866 autologous oocyte in vitro fertilisation treatment cycles performed at 14 associated clinics within the same network during 2012–2018. Only fresh cycles with single day 5 embryo transfers were included for analysis with all pregnancies followed up until birth. Repeat cycles of same patients were excluded to avoid clustering effect in statistical analysis.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Dataset was randomly split into two subsets at 60:40 ratio, with one (n = 5274) used for regression analysis and model development and the other (n = 3592) used for model testing. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate live birth predicting power of several potential contributors, expressed by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A comprehensive prediction model was subsequently developed based on calculated weights of contributing factors, then tested via receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.
Main results and the role of chance
The timings of day 5 observation of 8866 included embryos, measured by hours post insemination (HPI), distributed in a bell shape ranging from 112.0 to 120.0 h (mean±SD 115.7±1.7 h). After taking into account female age at egg collection (grouped as < 30 yr, 30–34 yr, 35–39 yr, 40–44 yr, and 45 yr or older), whether or not the first egg collection, number of eggs collected, embryo developmental stage (grouped as pre-blastocyst, early blastocyst, expanding blastocyst, expanded blastocyst, and hatching/hatched blastocyst) and morphology score(A/B/C/D); multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant association (OR 1.096, 95% CI 1.020–1.177, P = 0.012) between HPI groups (112–113.9 h, 114–115.9 h, 116–117.9 , and 118–120 h) and subsequent live birth outcomes. A comprehensive numerical scoring system was developed based on the statistically significant predictors including female age (OR 1.465, 95% CI 1.364–1.574, P = 0.000), embryo developmental stage (OR 1.341, 95% CI 1.244–1.445, P = 0.000), morphology score (OR 1.520, 95% CI 1.392–1.661, P = 0.000) and HPI (OR mentioned above); with a formula of Score = (Female_age_group/5)*1.465 + (Developmental_stage/5)*1.341 + (Morpho_Score/4)*1.520 + (HPI_Group/4)*1.096. ROC analysis showed statistically significant predictive power of the resulting model as expressed by area under the ROC curve using both the development (0.690, 0.675–0.704, P = 0.000) and testing (0.685, 0.667–0.703, P = 0.000) subsets.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective design does not allow for controlling of unknown confounders. HPI was based on static observations in this study so future time-lapse study may bring more insights with more accurate observation and measurement.
Wider implications of the findings: The varying HPIs at day 5 observation were alarming as this could confound live birth prediction using embryology parameters. It is important to standardise the timing of embryo observations. The inclusion of HPI into a comprehensive numerical scoring system for live birth prediction may potentially improve its robustness
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Watson K, Ong K, Korman I, Turner R, Vollenhoven B, Zander-Fox D, Liu Y. O-213 Slow day 5 development affects implantation potential of fresh transferred embryos but not birthweight once pregnancy occurs: A multi-center retrospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab128.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does slow development of fresh transferred day 5 embryos lead to decreased implantation potential and birthweight?
Summary answer
Slow day 5 development was associated with reduced implantation potential when transferred fresh but the subsequent birthweight of the resulting baby was not impacted.
What is known already
Slow development of in vitro cultured cleavage stage embryos is associated with reduced blastocyst development and implantation rates. There is no current consensus regarding whether to transfer fresh slow developing day 5 embryos or to extend culture for a subsequent day with potential for cryopreservation. It is therefore important to understand the true prognosis of fresh transferred day 5 embryos at less advanced developmental stages. This would provide evidence based guidelines for the decision making process in regard to embryo transfer.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective multi-center cohort study, including 1213 consecutive patients undergoing autologous oocyte in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment during 2016-2019,with fresh transfer of a single day 5 embryo (selection based on developmental stage and inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology if blastocyst was at the ≥expanding stage). Cycle data were collected from 4 associated private clinics, with repeat cycles of same patients excluded to avoid clustering effect at statistical analysis.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Live birth and birthweight were followed up in all 1213 fresh day 5 SETs. Multiple regression (logistic or linear) was performed to investigate association between slow day 5 development (defined as ≤ early blastocyst) and (a)live birth, (b) birthweight, and (c) gestation-adjusted birthweight (Z score) to account for gestational age, gender and compared to embryos at ≥ expanded stage. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)or coefficients (β).
Main results and the role of chance
No implantation was achieved following single fresh transfer of day 5 embryos that failed to reach early blastocyst stage (n = 76) and were transferred as ≤ morula stage. Live birth rate was significantly lower following single day 5 fresh transfer of an early blastocyst (n = 237, 16%), in comparison to expanding (n = 329, 27%, P = 0.001), expanded(n = 392, 41%, P = 0.000), and hatching/hatched blastocysts (n = 169, 44%, P = 0.000). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including; maternal age, hours post insemination at day 5 assessment, number of oocytes collected, number of 2PN embryos, and number of embryos frozen; multiple logistic regression showed significantly reduced likelihood of live birth resulting from early blastocysts in reference to those at the expanding (aOR=0.584, 0.371-0.917, P = 0.020), expanded (aOR=0.322, 0.208-0.501, P = 0.000), or hatching/hatched stages (aOR=0.255, 0.147-0.443, P = 0.000). However, multivariate linear regression indicated that early blastocysts resulting in a live birth (n = 39) did not lead to altered birthweight (β=-9.091, P = 0.904; β=-34.960, P = 0.343; β=-26.074, P = 0.414; respectively) or Z score (β = 0.045, P = 0.706; β=-0.051, P = 0.426; β=-0.028, P = 0.506; respectively) in reference to the expanding (n = 90), expanded (n = 160), or hatching/hatched stages (n = 75).
Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective nature of this study does not allow controlling of unknown confounders. The 4 participating clinics are associated within the same network with shared protocols, therefore, results may not be generalized to other clinics with different settings.
Wider implications of the findings
The findings suggest no clinical value of fresh day 5 transfer of embryos ≤morula stage. Although early blastocysts implant at reduced rate, assuring birthweight outcomes suggest clinical value. Future studies intend to investigate slow growing day 5 fresh transfers versus embryos that were slow growing but transferred after day 6.
Trial registration number
NA
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Orevich LS, Watson K, Ong K, Korman I, Turner R, Liu Y. P–191 Time-lapse videography reveals morphometric and morphokinetic differences in the pronuclei of male and female human zygotes. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do morphometric and morphokinetic profiles of pronuclei (PN) following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) vary between male and female human zygotes?
Summary answer
Male and female zygotes displayed different PN morphometrics and morphokinetics. Additionally, variations were identified between sperm-originated (SPN) and oocyte-originated (OPN) pronuclei.
What is known already
Previous studies have investigated the use of PN-associated parameters via static observations as indicators of zygote viability, including size equality or juxtaposition. However, recent clinical application of time-lapse videography (TLV) provides a novel opportunity to assess these pronuclear events with greater accuracy and precision of morphometric and morphokinetic measurement. A number of recent TLV studies have also investigated potential live birth prediction by such PN associated measures, however whether or not there are gender associated differences in such measures which could in turn confound live birth prediction is unknown. Study design, size, duration: This retrospective cohort study included 94 consecutive autologous single day 5 transfer cycles (either fresh or frozen) performed between January 2019 and March 2020. Only ICSI cycles (maternal age <40 years) leading to a singleton live birth (43 males and 51 females) were included for analysis. All oocytes were placed in the EmbryoScope incubator for culture immediately post sperm injection with all annotation performed retrospectively by one embryologist (L-SO).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Timings included 2nd polar body extrusion (tPb2), SPN(tSPNa)/OPN(tOPNa) appearance (differentiated by proximity to Pb2) and PN fading (tPNF). Morphometrics were evaluated at 8 (stage 1), 4 (stage 2) and 0 hour before PNF (stage 3), measuring PN area (um2), PN juxtaposition, and nucleolus precursor body (NPB) arrangement. Means ± standard deviation were compared using student t test or logistic regression as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and proportional data by chi-squared analysis.
Main results and the role of chance
Logistic regression indicated that male zygotes had longer time intervals of tPb2_tSPNa than female zygotes (4.8±1.5 vs 4.2±1.0 h, OR = 1.442, 95% CI 1.009–2.061, p = 0.044), but not tPb2_tOPNa (4.7±1.8 vs 4.5±1.3 h, OR = 1.224, 95% CI 0.868–1.728, p = 0.250) and tPb2_tPNF (19.9±2.8 vs 19.1±2.3 h, OR = 1.136, 95% CI 0.957–1.347, p = 0.144). SPN increased in size from stage 1 through 2 to 3 (435.3±70.2, 506.7±77.3, and 556.3±86.4 um2, p = 0.000) and OPN did similarly (399.0±59.4, 464.3±65.2, and 513.8±63.5 um2, p = 0.000), with SPN being significantly larger than OPN at each stage (p < 0.05 respectively). However, relative size difference between SPN and OPN was similar between male and female zygotes at 3 stages (33.6±61.7 vs 38.6±50.8 um2, p = 0.664; 38.5±53.1 vs 45.7±71.9 um2, p = 0.585; 38.4±77.4 vs 45.8±63.9 um2, p = 0.615; respectively). More male than female zygotes reached central PN juxtaposition at stage 1 (77% vs 51%, p = 0.010), stage 2 (98% vs 86%, p = 0.048) and stage 3 (98% vs 86%, p = 0.048). Furthermore, more OPN showed aligned NPBs than in SPN at stage 1 (45% vs 29%, p = 0.023), but similar proportions at stage 2 (64% vs 50%, p = 0.056) and stage 3 (76% vs 72%, p = 0.618). There were no gender associated differences detected in NPB alignment in either SPN or OPN (p > 0.05 respectively).
Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective design does not allow for control of unknown confounders. Sample size is considered relatively small. PN area measurement may not truly represent volume as PN may not be perfectly spherical. Findings were based on women <40 years old so may not apply to older population.
Wider implications of the findings: These findings augment and extend previous studies investigating PN parameters via static observations. The reported variations between male and female embryos may confound live birth prediction when using pronuclei morphometrics and morphokinetics. Larger scaled studies are warranted to verify these findings.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Pitman NCA, Suwa T, Ulloa Ulloa C, Miller J, Solomon J, Philipp J, Vriesendorp CF, Derby Lewis A, Perk S, Bonnet P, Joly A, Tobler MW, Best JH, Janovec JP, Nixon KC, Thiers BM, Tulig M, Gilbert EE, Campostrini Forzza R, Zimbrão G, Ranzato Filardi FL, Turner R, Zuloaga FO, Belgrano MJ, Zanotti CA, de Vos JM, Hettwer Giehl EL, Paine CET, Texeira de Queiroz R, Romoleroux K, Hilo de Souza E. Identifying gaps in the photographic record of the vascular plant flora of the Americas. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1010-1014. [PMID: 34326529 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Field photographs of plant species are crucial for research and conservation, but the lack of a centralized database makes them difficult to locate. We surveyed 25 online databases of field photographs and found that they harboured only about 53% of the approximately 125,000 vascular plant species of the Americas. These results reflect the urgent need for a centralized database that can both integrate and complete the photographic record of the world's flora.
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Hazelton ML, Turner R. A Festschrift for Adrian Baddeley. AUST NZ J STAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/anzs.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Belpomme D, Carlo GL, Irigaray P, Carpenter DO, Hardell L, Kundi M, Belyaev I, Havas M, Adlkofer F, Heuser G, Miller AB, Caccamo D, De Luca C, von Klitzing L, Pall ML, Bandara P, Stein Y, Sage C, Soffritti M, Davis D, Moskowitz JM, Mortazavi SMJ, Herbert MR, Moshammer H, Ledoigt G, Turner R, Tweedale A, Muñoz-Calero P, Udasin I, Koppel T, Burgio E, Vorst AV. The Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus International Report. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7321. [PMID: 34298941 PMCID: PMC8304862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical research aiming at objectively identifying and characterizing diseases via clinical observations and biological and radiological findings is a critical initial research step when establishing objective diagnostic criteria and treatments. Failure to first define such diagnostic criteria may lead research on pathogenesis and etiology to serious confounding biases and erroneous medical interpretations. This is particularly the case for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and more particularly for the so-called "provocation tests", which do not investigate the causal origin of EHS but rather the EHS-associated particular environmental intolerance state with hypersensitivity to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, because those tests depend on multiple EMF-associated physical and biological parameters and have been conducted in patients without having first defined EHS objectively and/or endpoints adequately, they cannot presently be considered to be valid pathogenesis research methodologies. Consequently, the negative results obtained by these tests do not preclude a role of EMF exposure as a symptomatic trigger in EHS patients. Moreover, there is no proof that EHS symptoms or EHS itself are caused by psychosomatic or nocebo effects. This international consensus report pleads for the acknowledgement of EHS as a distinct neuropathological disorder and for its inclusion in the WHO International Classification of Diseases.
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Wills C, Ghani S, Tubbs A, Fernandez FX, Athey A, Turner R, Robbins R, Patterson F, Warlick C, Alfonso-Miller P, Killgore WDS, Grandner MA. Chronotype and social support among student athletes: impact on depressive symptoms. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1319-1329. [PMID: 34039131 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1927072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown individuals with evening chronotype to have a greater likelihood for depression (self-reported and clinical ratings), especially in young adults. However, the mechanisms for this relationship remain unknown. Low levels of social support may be a plausible mechanism: young adults with evening chronotypes are awake when others are sleeping, which may lead to feelings of isolation or low support. This study examined links between chronotype, depression, and social support in relationship subtypes within a group of university student athletes. Data were obtained from 189 NCAA Division-I student athletes across all sports. Chronotype was assessed with the Circadian Energy Scale and ranged from -2 (definitely morning type) to +2 (definitely evening type). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Social support was assessed with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, which included subscales for Family, Friends, and Significant Other. A subscale for Team was created using the items from the Friends subscale (changing the word "friends" to "teammates"). Regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and minority status. More evening chronotype was associated with higher reported depressive symptoms (p = .018), lower overall perceived social support (p = .001), and lower perceived social support specifically provided by family (p < .0001), friends (p < .0001), and teammates (p = .014). However, more evening chronotype was associated with higher depressive symptoms for higher, but not lower perceived social support from significant other. Moreover, chronotype-by-support interactions on depressive symptoms were observed; the statistical relationship between chronotype and depression was evident only in those with low (but not high) social support from friends and teammates. These data suggest that having a more evening chronotype may be associated with social isolation, and decreased opportunities for interactions with friends and teammates. This may contribute to the long-standing circadian association seen with depression in college student-athletes. Interventions aimed at increasing university support networks may reduce the impact of depression in students self-identifying with later chronotypes and sleep schedules.
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Huber LR, Poser BA, Kaas AL, Fear EJ, Dresbach S, Berwick J, Goebel R, Turner R, Kennerley AJ. Validating layer-specific VASO across species. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118195. [PMID: 34038769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been shown to be a robust and important physiological parameter for quantitative interpretation of functional (f)MRI, capable of delivering highly localized mapping of neural activity. Indeed, with recent advances in ultra-high-field (≥7T) MRI hardware and associated sequence libraries, it has become possible to capture non-invasive CBV weighted fMRI signals across cortical layers. One of the most widely used approaches to achieve this (in humans) is through vascular-space-occupancy (VASO) fMRI. Unfortunately, the exact contrast mechanisms of layer-dependent VASO fMRI have not been validated for human fMRI and thus interpretation of such data is confounded. Here we validate the signal source of layer-dependent SS-SI VASO fMRI using multi-modal imaging in a rat model in response to neuronal activation (somatosensory cortex) and respiratory challenge (hypercapnia). In particular VASO derived CBV measures are directly compared to concurrent measures of total haemoglobin changes from high resolution intrinsic optical imaging spectroscopy (OIS). Quantified cortical layer profiling is demonstrated to be in agreement between VASO and contrast enhanced fMRI (using monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles, MION). Responses show high spatial localisation to layers of cortical processing independent of confounding large draining veins which can hamper BOLD fMRI studies, (depending on slice positioning). Thus, a cross species comparison is enabled using VASO as a common measure. We find increased VASO based CBV reactivity (3.1 ± 1.2 fold increase) in humans compared to rats. Together, our findings confirm that the VASO contrast is indeed a reliable estimate of layer-specific CBV changes. This validation study increases the neuronal interpretability of human layer-dependent VASO fMRI as an appropriate method in neuroscience application studies, in which the presence of large draining intracortical and pial veins limits neuroscientific inference with BOLD fMRI.
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Sanchez Panchuelo RM, Mougin O, Turner R, Francis ST. Quantitative T1 mapping using multi-slice multi-shot inversion recovery EPI. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117976. [PMID: 33781969 PMCID: PMC8204273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient multi-slice inversion–recovery EPI (MS-IR-EPI) sequence for fast, high spatial resolution, quantitative T1 mapping is presented, using a segmented simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, combined with slice order shifting across multiple acquisitions. The segmented acquisition minimises the effective TE and readout duration compared to a single-shot EPI scheme, reducing geometric distortions to provide high quality T1 maps with a narrow point-spread function. The precision and repeatability of MS-IR-EPI T1 measurements are assessed using both T1-calibrated and T2-calibrated ISMRM/NIST phantom spheres at 3 and 7 T and compared with single slice IR and MP2RAGE methods. Magnetization transfer (MT) effects of the spectrally-selective fat-suppression (FS) pulses required for in vivo imaging are shown to shorten the measured in-vivo T1 values. We model the effect of these fat suppression pulses on T1 measurements and show that the model can remove their MT contribution from the measured T1, thus providing accurate T1 quantification. High spatial resolution T1 maps of the human brain generated with MS-IR-EPI at 7 T are compared with those generated with the widely implemented MP2RAGE sequence. Our MS-IR-EPI sequence provides high SNR per unit time and sharper T1 maps than MP2RAGE, demonstrating the potential for ultra-high resolution T1 mapping and the improved discrimination of functionally relevant cortical areas in the human brain.
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Iyer S, Shafi K, Lovecchio F, Turner R, Albert TJ, Kim HJ, Press J, Katsuura Y, Sandhu H, Schwab F, Qureshi S. The Spine Telehealth Physical Examination: Strategies for Success. HSS J 2021; 17:14-17. [PMID: 33967636 PMCID: PMC8077977 DOI: 10.1177/1556331620974954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gillard S, Banach N, Barlow E, Byrne J, Foster R, Goldsmith L, Marks J, McWilliam C, Morshead R, Stepanian K, Turner R, Verey A, White S. Developing and testing a principle-based fidelity index for peer support in mental health services. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1903-1911. [PMID: 33606048 PMCID: PMC8429155 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that the distinctive relational qualities of peer support-compared to clinical-patient relationships-can be eroded in regulated healthcare environments. Measurement of fidelity in trials of peer support is lacking. This paper reports the development and testing of a fidelity index for one-to-one peer support in mental health services, designed to assess fidelity to principles that characterise the distinctiveness of peer support. METHODS A draft index was developed using expert panels of service user researchers and people doing peer support, informed by an evidence-based, peer support principles framework. Two rounds of testing took place in 24 mental health services providing peer support in a range of settings. Fidelity was assessed through interviews with peer workers, their supervisors and people receiving peer support. Responses were tested for spread and internal consistency, independently double rated for inter-rater reliability, with feedback from interviewees and service user researchers used to refine the index. RESULTS A fidelity index for one-to-one peer support in mental health services was produced with good psychometric properties. Fidelity is assessed in four principle-based domains; building trusting relationships based on shared lived experience; reciprocity and mutuality; leadership, choice and control; building strengths and making connections to community. CONCLUSIONS The index offers potential to improve the evidence base for peer support in mental health services, enabling future trials to assess fidelity of interventions to peer support principles, and service providers a means of ensuring that peer support retains its distinctive qualities as it is introduced into mental health services.
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Power MC, Bennett E, Ciarleglio A, Glymour MM, Turner R, Dowling M, Gianattasio KZ. Little progress in reducing relative racial disparities in the incidence and prevalence of dementia in the United States, 2000‐2016. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.039905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hinestrosa JP, Searson DJ, Lewis JM, Kinana A, Perrera O, Dobrovolskaia I, Tran K, Turner R, Balcer HI, Clark I, Bodkin D, Hoon DSB, Krishnan R. Simultaneous Isolation of Circulating Nucleic Acids and EV-Associated Protein Biomarkers From Unprocessed Plasma Using an AC Electrokinetics-Based Platform. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:581157. [PMID: 33224932 PMCID: PMC7674311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.581157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The power of personalized medicine is based on a deep understanding of cellular and molecular processes underlying disease pathogenesis. Accurately characterizing and analyzing connections between these processes is dependent on our ability to access multiple classes of biomarkers (DNA, RNA, and proteins)—ideally, in a minimally processed state. Here, we characterize a biomarker isolation platform that enables simultaneous isolation and on-chip detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), extracellular vesicle RNA (EV-RNA), and EV-associated proteins in unprocessed biological fluids using AC Electrokinetics (ACE). Human biofluid samples were flowed over the ACE microelectrode array (ACE chip) on the Verita platform while an electrical signal was applied, inducing a field that reversibly captured biomarkers onto the microelectrode array. Isolated cfDNA, EV-RNA, and EV-associated proteins were visualized directly on the chip using DNA and RNA specific dyes or antigen-specific, directly conjugated antibodies (CD63, TSG101, PD-L1, GPC-1), respectively. Isolated material was also eluted off the chip and analyzed downstream by multiple methods, including PCR, RT-PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS), capillary electrophoresis, and nanoparticle size characterization. The detection workflow confirmed the capture of cfDNA, EV-RNA, and EV-associated proteins from human biofluids on the ACE chip. Tumor specific variants and the mRNAs of housekeeping gene PGK1 were detected in cfDNA and RNA isolated directly from chips in PCR, NGS, and RT-PCR assays, demonstrating that high-quality material can be isolated from donor samples using the isolation workflow. Detection of the luminal membrane protein TSG101 with antibodies depended on membrane permeabilization, consistent with the presence of vesicles on the chip. Protein, morphological, and size characterization revealed that these vesicles had the characteristics of EVs. The results demonstrated that unprocessed cfDNA, EV-RNA, and EV-associated proteins can be isolated and simultaneously fluorescently analyzed on the ACE chip. The compatibility with established downstream technologies may also allow the use of the platform as a sample preparation method for workflows that could benefit from access to unprocessed exosomal, genomic, and proteomic biomarkers.
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Jozkowski K, Brawford B, Turner R, Lo W. P17 Examining attitudes toward abortion: Do people’s attitudes change when considering gestational age and fetal development? Contraception 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Blackman A, Samborski A, Miller M, Singh R, Kim K, Turner R, Messerlian G, Moore R. Analysis of serum HE4 and CA-125 levels in uterine cancers subtypes. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Singh R, Khazan N, Turner R, Towner M, Kim K, Moore R. Targeting septins controls ovarian tumor growth. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chiao JY, Li SC, Turner R, Lee-Tauler SY. Cultural neuroscience and the research domain criteria: Implications for global mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:109-119. [PMID: 32540352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the basic molecular and cellular mechanisms of the brain is important for the scientific discovery of root causes, risk and protective factors for mental disorders in global mental health. Systematic research in cultural neuroscience within the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework investigates the fundamental biobehavioral dimensions and observable behavior across cultures. Cultural dimensions are characterized in elements of circuit-based mechanisms and behavior across a range of analysis. Research approaches in cultural neuroscience within the RDoC framework advance the evidence-based resources for the development and implementation of cures, preventions and interventions to mental disorders in global mental health. This review presents a novel synthesis of foundations in cultural neuroscience within the research domain criteria framework to advance integrative, translational efforts in discovery and delivery science of mental disorders across cultural contexts in global mental health.
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Ramsey T, Athey A, Auerbach A, Turner R, Williams N, Jean-Louis G, Killgore WD, Wills CC, Grandner MA. 0226 Sleep Duration and Symptoms Associated with Race/Ethnicity in Elite Collegiate Athletes. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Previous studies have documented sleep disparities in the general population. Given the increased interest in sleep among athletes, and the degree to which demographics and schedules among athletes differ from the general population, this analysis aims to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity and sleep duration and symptoms among elite college athletes.
Methods
Data were obtained from N=189 Division-1 collegiate athletes across a wide range of sports played. Race/ethnicity was self-reported and categorized as Non-Hispanic White, Black/African-American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and American Indian/Alaskan Native. Outcomes of interest included self-reported typical sleep duration (in hours), CESD depression score, and frequency of sleep symptoms, assessed using items from the Sleep Disorders Symptom Check List (difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early morning awakenings, tiredness, sleepiness, loud snoring, choking/gasping, fragmentation, hypnogogic/pompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and nightmares). Sleep duration and depression were evaluated with linear regression, and symptoms were evaluated as ordinal. Covariates included age and sex.
Results
Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks/African-Americans reported less sleep (B=-0.80, p<0.0005), more depression (B=2.85, p=0.046), more difficulty maintaining sleep (oOR=2.12, p=0.034), early morning awakenings (oOR=3.15, p=0.001), and sleepiness (oOR=2.11, p=0.048); Hispanic/Latinos reported more hypnogogic/pompic hallucinations (oOR=2.90, p=0.007), sleep paralysis (oOR=2.72, p=0.026), and nightmares (oOR=2.22, p=0.035); Asians reported more depression (B=4.46, p=0.028), sleepiness (oOR=5.06, p=0.003), loud snoring (oOR=4.71, p=0.018), and sleep paralysis (oOR=3.57, p=0.031); and American Indians/Alaskan Natives reported less sleep (B=-1.00, p=0.018).
Conclusion
Racial/ethnic differences in sleep duration and sleep symptoms were seen among athletes. Future studies will be needed to replicate and further explain these findings.
Support
The REST study was funded by an NCAA Innovations grant. Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
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Abdi H, Athey A, Auerbach A, Turner R, Killgore WD, Wills CC, Grandner MA. 0240 College Football Players Compared to Other Collegiate Athletes: Symptoms of Insufficient Sleep Duration, Insomnia, and Sleep Apnea. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
College athletes experience frequent sleep disturbances. Data from professional football players suggests high rates of sleep apnea symptoms. Little data is available on college football players, especially compared to other athletes.
Methods
Data were obtained from N=189 NCAA Division-I student athletes, including N=45 football players). Outcomes of interest came from the Sleep Disorders Symptom Check List (SDSCL) which rated symptoms on a frequency scale of 0: never and 4: >5 times/week. Symptoms evaluated were daytime tiredness, any snoring, loud snoring, breathing pauses during sleep, and waking up choking/gasping sleep apnea), as well as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty with nighttime awakenings, and early morning awakenings (insomnia). Other outcomes include self-reported sleep duration, Insomnia Severity Index, frequency of caffeine use, and frequency of use of medications to help with sleep. Linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, year in school, socioeconomic status, and mood. Post-hoc analyses examined men only.
Results
Regarding sleep apnea symptoms, football players reported more snoring (oOR=3.14, p=0.01), loud snoring (oOR=4.38, p=0.008), breathing pauses (oOR=5.42, p=0.0499), and choking/gasping (oOR=8.51), but not daytime tiredness. Regarding insufficient sleep, football players reported no difference in sleep duration but decreased caffeine use (oOR=0.27, p=0.002). Regarding insomnia, football players showed no difference in ISI scores or insomnia symptoms, but increased likelihood of sleeping pill use (oOR=3.01, p=0.03). When analyses were restricted to men only, all of these relationships were maintained.
Conclusion
College football athletes may exhibit different sleep symptoms than other college athletes, as they exhibit more sleep apnea-related symptoms, without the increase in daytime symptoms, such as tiredness.
Support
The REST study was funded by an NCAA Innovations grant.
Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
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Paterson TE, Bari A, Bullock AJ, Turner R, Montalbano G, Fiorilli S, Vitale-Brovarone C, MacNeil S, Shepherd J. Multifunctional Copper-Containing Mesoporous Glass Nanoparticles as Antibacterial and Proangiogenic Agents for Chronic Wounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:246. [PMID: 32296691 PMCID: PMC7136418 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological wound healing process involves a cascade of events which could be affected by several factors resulting in chronic, non-healing wounds. The latter represent a great burden especially when bacterial biofilms are formed. The rise in antibiotic resistance amongst infectious microorganisms leads to the need of novel approaches to treat this clinical issue. In this context, the use of advanced biomaterials, which can enhance the physiological expression and secretion of the growth factors involved in the wound healing process, is gaining increasing attention as a robust and appealing alternative approach. Among them, mesoporous glasses are of particular interest due to their excellent textural properties and to the possibility of incorporating and releasing specific therapeutic species, such as metallic ions. One of the most attractive therapeutic ions is copper thanks to its proangiogenic and antibacterial effects. In this contribution, copper containing mesoporous glass nanoparticles were proposed as a multifunctional device to treat chronic wounds. The developed nanoparticles evidenced a very high specific surface area (740 m2/g), uniform pores of 4 nm and an almost total release of the therapeutic ion within 72 h of soaking. The produced nanoparticles were biocompatible and, when tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species, demonstrated antibacterial activity against both planktonic and biofilm bacteria in 2D cell monolayers, and in a 3D human model of infected skin. Their proangiogenic effect was tested with both the aortic ring and the chick chorioallantoic membrane assays and an increase in endothelial cell outgrowth at a concentration range between 30 and 300 ng/mL was shown. Overall, in this study biocompatible, multifunctional Cu-containing mesoporous glass nanoparticles were successfully produced and demonstrated to exert both antibacterial and proangiogenic effects.
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Suvilehto JT, Nummenmaa L, Harada T, Dunbar RIM, Hari R, Turner R, Sadato N, Kitada R. Cross-cultural similarity in relationship-specific social touching. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190467. [PMID: 31014213 PMCID: PMC6501924 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species use touching for reinforcing social structures, and particularly, non-human primates use social grooming for managing their social networks. However, it is still unclear how social touch contributes to the maintenance and reinforcement of human social networks. Human studies in Western cultures suggest that the body locations where touch is allowed are associated with the strength of the emotional bond between the person touched and the toucher. However, it is unknown to what extent this relationship is culturally universal and generalizes to non-Western cultures. Here, we compared relationship-specific, bodily touch allowance maps across one Western (N = 386, UK) and one East Asian (N = 255, Japan) country. In both cultures, the strength of the emotional bond was linearly associated with permissible touch area. However, Western participants experienced social touching as more pleasurable than Asian participants. These results indicate a similarity of emotional bonding via social touch between East Asian and Western cultures.
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Gau R, Bazin PL, Trampel R, Turner R, Noppeney U. Resolving multisensory and attentional influences across cortical depth in sensory cortices. eLife 2020; 9:46856. [PMID: 31913119 PMCID: PMC6984812 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our environment, our senses are bombarded with a myriad of signals, only a subset of which is relevant for our goals. Using sub-millimeter-resolution fMRI at 7T, we resolved BOLD-response and activation patterns across cortical depth in early sensory cortices to auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli under auditory or visual attention. In visual cortices, auditory stimulation induced widespread inhibition irrespective of attention, whereas auditory relative to visual attention suppressed mainly central visual field representations. In auditory cortices, visual stimulation suppressed activations, but amplified responses to concurrent auditory stimuli, in a patchy topography. Critically, multisensory interactions in auditory cortices were stronger in deeper laminae, while attentional influences were greatest at the surface. These distinct depth-dependent profiles suggest that multisensory and attentional mechanisms regulate sensory processing via partly distinct circuitries. Our findings are crucial for understanding how the brain regulates information flow across senses to interact with our complex multisensory world.
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O'Callaghan JL, Turner R, Dekker Nitert M, Barrett HL, Clifton V, Pelzer ES. Re-assessing microbiomes in the low-biomass reproductive niche. BJOG 2019; 127:147-158. [PMID: 31587490 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract represents a continuum between the vagina and the upper genital tract. New evidence from cultivation-independent studies suggests that the female upper genital tract is not sterile; however, the significance of this for reproductive health and disease remains to be elucidated fully. Further, diagnosis and treatment of infectious reproductive tract pathologies using cultivation-independent technologies represents a largely unchartered area of modern medical science. The challenge now is to design well-controlled experiments to account for the ease of contamination known to confound molecular-based studies of low-biomass niches, including the uterus and placenta. This will support robust assessment of the potential function of microorganisms, microbial metabolites, and cell-free bacterial DNA on reproductive function in health and disease. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Molecular microbial studies of low-biomass niches require stringent experimental controls to reveal causal relations in reproductive health and disease.
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II RWT, Turner R, Sonnega A, Cupery T, Bush E, Rosales T, Jackson JS. RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SELF-RATED HEALTH IN FORMER NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE ATHLETES. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6841221 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Concern exists about the health and well-being of football players, yet little research exists on the psychosocial risk and protective factors of NFL athletes’ well-being. This study assesses the role of religious attendance, social support, and self-rated health in former NFL athletes. Data comes from a stratified, random sample of 1,063 former NFL players. A set of nested linear regression models evaluated the relationship between self-rated health status and two indices of social support (family and friends) and attendance at religious services. Frequent attendance at religious services (β=0.19, p<.01), support from family (β=0.06, p<.05), and support from friends (β=0.06, p<.01) are positively and significantly related to better self-rated health. The ability to get out of the house did not affect these associations. However, the pain symptoms index fully accounted for any positive effect of family support and religious attendance in self-rated health.
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