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Aboagye E, Aigbirhio F, Allott L, Anderson E, Artelsmair M, Audisio D, Audisio J, Bragg R, Brindle K, Bulat F, Bürli R, Carroll L, Chapdelaine M, Collins S, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Da Pieve C, Davies J, Decuypere E, Defay T, DeFrees S, Dilworth J, Duckett S, Dugave C, Elhabiri M, Elmore C, Fairlamb I, Fenwick A, Forsback S, Ge H, Geach N, Gouverneur V, Gregson T, Gu C, Ivanov P, Kagoro M, Kerr W, Kidd G, Knox G, Kolodych S, Koniev O, Krzyczmonik A, Lawrie K, Leeper F, Lewis R, Little G, Liu H, Lockley W, Mekareeya A, Mirabello V, Morrissey C, Neves A, Pascu S, Paton R, Plougastel L, Poot A, Puhalo N, Read D, Reid M, Robinson A, Sardana M, Sarpaki S, Schou M, Simmonds A, Smith G, Solin J, Soloviev D, Talbot E, Taran F, Turton D, Tuttle T, Venanzi N, Vugts D, Wagner A, Wang L, Webster B, White R, Willis C, Windhorst A, Winfield C, Xie B. Abstracts of the 26th international isotope society (UK group) symposium: Synthesis & applications of labelled compounds 2017. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vigil-DeGracia P, Ludmir J, Ng J, Reyes-Tejada O, Nova C, Beltré A, Yuen-Chon V, Collantes J, Turcios E, Lewis R, Cabrera S. Is there benefit to continue magnesium sulphate postpartum in women receiving magnesium sulphate before delivery? A randomised controlled study. BJOG 2018; 125:1304-1311. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bartoletti M, Giannella M, Lewis R, Caraceni P, Tedeschi S, Paul M, Schramm C, Bruns T, Merli M, Cobos-Trigueros N, Seminari E, Retamar P, Muñoz P, Tumbarello M, Burra P, Torrani Cerenzia M, Barsic B, Calbo E, Maraolo A, Petrosillo N, Galan-Ladero M, D'Offizi G, Bar Sinai N, Rodríguez-Baño J, Verucchi G, Bernardi M, Viale P, Campoli C, Siccardi G, Ambretti S, Stallmach A, Venditti M, Lucidi C, Ludovisi S, De Cueto M, Navarro M, Lopez Cortes E, Bouza E, Valerio M, Eworo A, Losito R, Senzolo M, Nadal E, Ottobrelli A, Varguvic M, Badia C, Borgia G, Gentile I, Buonomo A, Boumis E, Beteta-Lopez A, Rianda A, Taliani G, Grieco S. A prospective multicentre study of the epidemiology and outcomes of bloodstream infection in cirrhotic patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:546.e1-546.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bartoletti M, Baldassarre M, Domenicali M, Lewis R, Giannella M, Rinaldi M, Tufoni M, Zaccherini G, Tamè M, Berardi S, Napoli L, Pavarin F, Angela F, Trevisani F, Bernardi M, Viale P, Caraceni P. Bacterial infections with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation: Risk factors and outcome. Dig Liver Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Palmer S, Manns S, Cramp F, Lewis R, Clark EM. Test-retest reliability and smallest detectable change of the Bristol Impact of Hypermobility (BIoH) questionnaire. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017; 32:64-69. [PMID: 28881227 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Bristol Impact of Hypermobility (BIoH) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure developed in conjunction with adults with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS). It has demonstrated strong concurrent validity with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical component score but other psychometric properties have yet to be established. This study aimed to determine its test-retest reliability and smallest detectable change (SDC). DESIGN A test-retest reliability study. SETTING Participants were recruited from the Hypermobility Syndromes Association, a patient organisation in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS Recruitment packs were sent to 1080 adults who had given permission to be contacted about research. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BIoH and SF-36 questionnaires were administered at baseline and repeated two weeks later. An 11-point global rating of change scale (-5 to +5) was also administered at two weeks. Test-retest analysis and calculation of the SDC was conducted on 'stable' patients (defined as global rating of change -1 to +1). RESULTS 462 responses were received. 233 patients reported a 'stable' condition and were included in analysis (95% women; mean (SD) age 44.5 (13.9) years; BIoH score 223.6 (54.0)). The BIoH questionnaire demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC 0.923, 95% CI 0.900-0.940). The SDC was 42 points (equivalent to 19% of the mean baseline score). The SF-36 physical and mental component scores demonstrated poorer test-retest reliability and larger SDCs (as a proportion of the mean baseline scores). CONCLUSION The results provide further evidence of the potential of the BIoH questionnaire to underpin research and clinical practice for people with JHS.
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Huddart R, Henry A, Khoo V, Staffurth J, Syndikus I, Hansen V, McNair H, Hafeez S, Lewis R, Parsons E, Baker A, Vassallo-Bonner C, Moinuddin S, Illambas J, Birtle A, Horan G, Rimmer Y, Venkitaraman R, Mitra A, Hall E. Toxicity and Survival Outcomes of a Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Hypofractionated Bladder Radiation Therapy in an Elderly Population With or Without Image Guided Adaptive Plan Selection (HYBRID - CRUK/12/055). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Werrell JM, Mandal S, Thomas ELH, Brousseau EB, Lewis R, Borri P, Davies PR, Williams OA. Effect of slurry composition on the chemical mechanical polishing of thin diamond films. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:654-663. [PMID: 29057022 PMCID: PMC5642826 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1366815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films grown by chemical vapour deposition have an intrinsic surface roughness, which hinders the development and performance of the films' various applications. Traditional methods of diamond polishing are not effective on NCD thin films. Films either shatter due to the combination of wafer bow and high mechanical pressures or produce uneven surfaces, which has led to the adaptation of the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique for NCD films. This process is poorly understood and in need of optimisation. To compare the effect of slurry composition and pH upon polishing rates, a series of NCD thin films have been polished for three hours using a Logitech Ltd. Tribo CMP System in conjunction with a polyester/polyurethane polishing cloth and six different slurries. The reduction in surface roughness was measured hourly using an atomic force microscope. The final surface chemistry was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope. It was found that of all the various properties of the slurries, including pH and composition, the particle size was the determining factor for the polishing rate. The smaller particles polishing at a greater rate than the larger ones.
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Gorton C, Clark K, Lewis R, Bassett F, Henning J. O29 Health promotion as a tool to engage marginalised populations. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Russell D, Fox P, Cabatingan H, Jaros A, Gorton C, Lewis R, Priscott E, Bartlett S, Dore G. O16 A regional prison cleared of hepatitis C in less than 12 months. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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61
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Liu X, Carré MJ, Zhang Q, Lu Z, Matcher SJ, Lewis R. Measuring contact area in a sliding human finger-pad contact. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:31-44. [PMID: 28573767 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The work outlined in this paper was aimed at achieving further understanding of skin frictional behaviour by investigating the contact area between human finger-pads and flat surfaces. METHODS Both the static and the dynamic contact areas (in macro- and micro-scales) were measured using various techniques, including ink printing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). RESULTS In the studies of the static measurements using ink printing, the experimental results showed that the apparent and the real contact area increased with load following a piecewise linear correlation function for a finger-pad in contact with paper sheets. Comparisons indicated that the OCT method is a reliable and effective method to investigate the real contact area of a finger-pad and allow micro-scale analysis. The apparent contact area (from the DIC measurements) was found to reduce with time in the transition from the static phase to the dynamic phase while the real area of contact (from OCT) increased. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study enable the interaction between finger-pads and contact object surface to be better analysed, and hence improve the understanding of skin friction.
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Francis A, Hudspith RJ, Lewis R, Maltman K. Lattice Prediction for Deeply Bound Doubly Heavy Tetraquarks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:142001. [PMID: 28430484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility of qq^{'}b[over ¯]b[over ¯] tetraquark bound states using n_{f}=2+1 lattice QCD ensembles with pion masses ≃164, 299, and 415 MeV. Motivated by observations from heavy baryon phenomenology, we consider two lattice interpolating operators, both of which are expected to couple efficiently to tetraquark states: one with a diquark-antidiquark and one with a meson-meson structure. Using nonrelativistic QCD to simulate the bottom quarks, we study the udb[over ¯]b[over ¯], ℓsb[over ¯]b[over ¯] channels with ℓ=u, d, and find unambiguous signals for strong-interaction-stable J^{P}=1^{+} tetraquarks. These states are found to lie 189(10) and 98(7) MeV below the corresponding free two-meson thresholds.
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Lewis R, Hay G, Sivarajasingam V. The characteristics of facial injuries presenting to the oral and maxillofacial department at the University Hospital of Wales, United Kingdom: what has changed? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lewis R, Fardy M. The management of facial arthromyalgia at the University Hospital of Wales. How does it improve the patients quality of life? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lewis R, Scott N, Fardy M. Head and neck surgery: tracheostomy or not? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:567. [PMID: 28238348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huddart R, Hall E, Miranda M, Crundwell M, Jenkins P, Rawlings C, Tremlett J, Hendron C, Lewis R, Porta N, Hussain S, James N. Quality of life (QL) of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients (pts) receiving radiotherapy (RT) +/- chemotherapy (CT) in the BC2001 trial (CRUK/01/004). Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rebollo‐Mesa I, Nova‐Lamperti E, Mobillo P, Runglall M, Christakoudi S, Norris S, Smallcombe N, Kamra Y, Hilton R, Bhandari S, Baker R, Berglund D, Carr S, Game D, Griffin S, Kalra PA, Lewis R, Mark PB, Marks S, Macphee I, McKane W, Mohaupt MG, Pararajasingam R, Kon SP, Serón D, Sinha MD, Tucker B, Viklický O, Lechler RI, Lord GM, Hernandez‐Fuentes MP. Biomarkers of Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation: Are We Predicting Tolerance or Response to Immunosuppressive Treatment? Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3443-3457. [PMID: 27328267 PMCID: PMC5132071 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We and others have previously described signatures of tolerance in kidney transplantation showing the differential expression of B cell-related genes and the relative expansions of B cell subsets. However, in all of these studies, the index group-namely, the tolerant recipients-were not receiving immunosuppression (IS) treatment, unlike the rest of the comparator groups. We aimed to assess the confounding effect of these regimens and develop a novel IS-independent signature of tolerance. Analyzing gene expression in three independent kidney transplant patient cohorts (232 recipients and 14 tolerant patients), we have established that the expression of the previously reported signature was biased by IS regimens, which also influenced transitional B cells. We have defined and validated a new gene expression signature that is independent of drug effects and also differentiates tolerant patients from healthy controls (cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.81). In a prospective cohort, we have demonstrated that the new signature remained stable before and after steroid withdrawal. In addition, we report on a validated and highly accurate gene expression signature that can be reliably used to identify patients suitable for IS reduction (approximately 12% of stable patients), irrespective of the IS drugs they are receiving. Only a similar approach will make the conduct of pilot clinical trials for IS minimization safe and hence allow critical improvements in kidney posttransplant management.
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Redding MR, Lewis R, Kearton T, Smith O. Manure and sorbent fertilisers increase on-going nutrient availability relative to conventional fertilisers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:927-936. [PMID: 27432730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The key to better nutrient efficiency is to simultaneously improve uptake and decrease losses. This study sought to achieve this balance using sorbent additions and manure nutrients (spent poultry litter; SL) compared with results obtained using conventional sources (Conv; urea nitrogen, N; and phosphate-phosphorus; P). Two experiments were conducted. Firstly, a phosphorus pot trial involving two soils (sandy and clay) based on a factorial design (Digitaria eriantha/Pennisetum clandestinum). Subsequently, a factorial N and P field trial was conducted on the clay soil (D. eriantha/Lolium rigidum). In the pot trial, sorbent additions (26.2g of hydrotalcite [HT] gP(-1)) to the Conv treatment deferred P availability (both soils) as did SL in the sandy soil. In this soil, P delivery by the Conv treatments declined rapidly, and began to fall behind the HT and SL treatments. Addition of HT increased post-trial Colwell P. In the field trial low HT-rates (3.75 and 7.5g of HTgP(-1)) plus bentonite, allowed dry matter production and nutrient uptake to match that of Conv treatments, and increased residual mineral-N. The SL treatments performed similarly to (or better than) Conv treatments regarding nutrient uptake. With successive application, HT forms may provide better supply profiles than Conv treatments. Our findings, combined with previous studies, suggest it is possible to use manures and ion-exchangers to match conventional N and P source productivity with lower risk of nutrient losses.
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Spyrou A, Liddick SN, Naqvi F, Crider BP, Dombos AC, Bleuel DL, Brown BA, Couture A, Crespo Campo L, Guttormsen M, Larsen AC, Lewis R, Möller P, Mosby S, Mumpower MR, Perdikakis G, Prokop CJ, Renstrøm T, Siem S, Quinn SJ, Valenta S. Strong Neutron-γ Competition above the Neutron Threshold in the Decay of ^{70}Co. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:142701. [PMID: 27740831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.142701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The β-decay intensity of ^{70}Co was measured for the first time using the technique of total absorption spectroscopy. The large β-decay Q value [12.3(3) MeV] offers a rare opportunity to study β-decay properties in a broad energy range. Two surprising features were observed in the experimental results, namely, the large fragmentation of the β intensity at high energies, as well as the strong competition between γ rays and neutrons, up to more than 2 MeV above the neutron-separation energy. The data are compared to two theoretical calculations: the shell model and the quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA). Both models seem to be missing a significant strength at high excitation energies. Possible interpretations of this discrepancy are discussed. The shell model is used for a detailed nuclear structure interpretation and helps to explain the observed γ-neutron competition. The comparison to the QRPA calculations is done as a means to test a model that provides global β-decay properties for astrophysical calculations. Our work demonstrates the importance of performing detailed comparisons to experimental results, beyond the simple half-life comparisons. A realistic and robust description of the β-decay intensity is crucial for our understanding of nuclear structure as well as of r-process nucleosynthesis.
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Xi G, Hayes E, Lewis R, Ichi S, Mania-Farnell B, Shim K, Takao T, Allender E, Mayanil CS, Tomita T. Retraction Note: CD133 and DNA-PK regulate MDR1 via the PI3K- or Akt-NF-κB pathway in multidrug-resistant glioblastoma cells in vitro. Oncogene 2016; 35:5576. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mercer CH, Jones KG, Johnson AM, Lewis R, Mitchell KR, Gravningen K, Clifton S, Tanton C, Sonnenberg P, Wellings K, Cassell JA, Estcourt CS. How can we objectively categorise partnership type? A novel classification of population survey data to inform epidemiological research and clinical practice. Sex Transm Infect 2016; 93:129-136. [PMID: 27535765 PMCID: PMC5339562 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Partnership type is a determinant of STI risk; yet, it is poorly and inconsistently recorded in clinical practice and research. We identify a novel, empirical-based categorisation of partnership type, and examine whether reporting STI diagnoses varies by the resulting typologies. Methods Analyses of probability survey data collected from 15 162 people aged 16–74 who participated in Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles were undertaken during 2010–2012. Computer-assisted self-interviews asked about participants' ≤3 most recent partners (N=14 322 partners/past year). Analysis of variance and regression tested for differences in partnership duration and perceived likelihood of sex again across 21 ‘partnership progression types’ (PPTs) derived from relationship status at first and most recent sex. Multivariable regression examined the association between reporting STI diagnoses and partnership type(s) net of age and reported partner numbers (all past year). Results The 21 PPTs were grouped into four summary types: ‘cohabiting’, ‘now steady’, ‘casual’ and ‘ex-steady’ according to the average duration and likelihood of sex again. 11 combinations of these summary types accounted for 94.5% of all men; 13 combinations accounted for 96.9% of all women. Reporting STI diagnoses varied by partnership-type combination, including after adjusting for age and partner numbers, for example, adjusted OR: 6.03 (95% CI 2.01 to 18.1) for men with two ‘casual’ and one ‘now steady’ partners versus men with one ‘cohabiting’ partner. Conclusions This typology provides an objective method for measuring partnership type and demonstrates its importance in understanding STI risk, net of partner numbers. Epidemiological research and clinical practice should use these methods and results to maximise individual and public health benefit.
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Liddick SN, Spyrou A, Crider BP, Naqvi F, Larsen AC, Guttormsen M, Mumpower M, Surman R, Perdikakis G, Bleuel DL, Couture A, Crespo Campo L, Dombos AC, Lewis R, Mosby S, Nikas S, Prokop CJ, Renstrom T, Rubio B, Siem S, Quinn SJ. Experimental Neutron Capture Rate Constraint Far from Stability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:242502. [PMID: 27367386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear reactions where an exotic nucleus captures a neutron are critical for a wide variety of applications, from energy production and national security, to astrophysical processes, and nucleosynthesis. Neutron capture rates are well constrained near stable isotopes where experimental data are available; however, moving far from the valley of stability, uncertainties grow by orders of magnitude. This is due to the complete lack of experimental constraints, as the direct measurement of a neutron-capture reaction on a short-lived nucleus is extremely challenging. Here, we report on the first experimental extraction of a neutron capture reaction rate on ^{69}Ni, a nucleus that is five neutrons away from the last stable isotope of Ni. The implications of this measurement on nucleosynthesis around mass 70 are discussed, and the impact of similar future measurements on the understanding of the origin of the heavy elements in the cosmos is presented.
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Palmer S, Lewis R, Barnett S, Cramp M, Berry A, Thomas A, Clark E. FRI0640-HPR Effects of Postural Taping on Pain and Function Following Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures – A Pilot Study:. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McCraw C, Klaassen Z, Kabaria R, Chen R, Lewis R. 100 End Diastolic Velocity versus Resistive Indices in Predicting Better Clinical Response Using Penile Doppler Ultrasound for Patients with Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oh I, Quiggle A, Lewis R, de Guzman Strong C. 352 Allelic series for an EDC enhancer generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing identifies an enhancer requirement for proximal gene expression and efficient wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Weaver CM, Gordon CM, Janz KF, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Lewis R, O'Karma M, Wallace TC, Zemel BS. Erratum to: The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1387. [PMID: 26935424 PMCID: PMC4969869 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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77
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Lewis R, Bourton E, Parris C, Plowman P. EP-2069: CDC73 deficiency: a syndrome with multiple tumours is predicted to show excessive radiosensitivity. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Weaver CM, Gordon CM, Janz KF, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Lewis R, O'Karma M, Wallace TC, Zemel BS. The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1281-1386. [PMID: 26856587 PMCID: PMC4791473 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle choices influence 20-40 % of adult peak bone mass. Therefore, optimization of lifestyle factors known to influence peak bone mass and strength is an important strategy aimed at reducing risk of osteoporosis or low bone mass later in life. The National Osteoporosis Foundation has issued this scientific statement to provide evidence-based guidance and a national implementation strategy for the purpose of helping individuals achieve maximal peak bone mass early in life. In this scientific statement, we (1) report the results of an evidence-based review of the literature since 2000 on factors that influence achieving the full genetic potential for skeletal mass; (2) recommend lifestyle choices that promote maximal bone health throughout the lifespan; (3) outline a research agenda to address current gaps; and (4) identify implementation strategies. We conducted a systematic review of the role of individual nutrients, food patterns, special issues, contraceptives, and physical activity on bone mass and strength development in youth. An evidence grading system was applied to describe the strength of available evidence on these individual modifiable lifestyle factors that may (or may not) influence the development of peak bone mass (Table 1). A summary of the grades for each of these factors is given below. We describe the underpinning biology of these relationships as well as other factors for which a systematic review approach was not possible. Articles published since 2000, all of which followed the report by Heaney et al. [1] published in that year, were considered for this scientific statement. This current review is a systematic update of the previous review conducted by the National Osteoporosis Foundation [1]. [Table: see text] Considering the evidence-based literature review, we recommend lifestyle choices that promote maximal bone health from childhood through young to late adolescence and outline a research agenda to address current gaps in knowledge. The best evidence (grade A) is available for positive effects of calcium intake and physical activity, especially during the late childhood and peripubertal years-a critical period for bone accretion. Good evidence is also available for a role of vitamin D and dairy consumption and a detriment of DMPA injections. However, more rigorous trial data on many other lifestyle choices are needed and this need is outlined in our research agenda. Implementation strategies for lifestyle modifications to promote development of peak bone mass and strength within one's genetic potential require a multisectored (i.e., family, schools, healthcare systems) approach.
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Lewis R, Plowman P, Parris C. EP-2070: Cell cycle analysis of ɣ-H2AX in irradiated normal or DNA-defective cells with image flow cytometry. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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80
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Neil R, Wagstaff CRD, Weller E, Lewis R. Leader Behaviour, Emotional Intelligence, and Team Performance at a UK Government Executive Agency During Organizational Change. JOURNAL OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14697017.2015.1134624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Albrecht C, Caniggia I, Clifton V, Göhner C, Harris L, Hemmings D, Jawerbaum A, Johnstone E, Jones H, Keelan J, Lewis R, Mitchell M, Murthi P, Powell T, Saffery R, Smith R, Vaillancourt C, Wadsack C, Salomon C. IFPA meeting 2015 workshop report III: nanomedicine applications and exosome biology, xenobiotics and endocrine disruptors and pregnancy, and lipid. Placenta 2016; 48 Suppl 1:S12-S16. [PMID: 27094788 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting, as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At the IFPA meeting 2015 there were twelve themed workshops, three of which are summarized in this report. These workshops were related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of pregnancy pathologies and placental metabolism: 1) nanomedicine applications and exosome biology; 2) xenobiotics and endocrine disruptors and pregnancy; 3) lipid mediators and placental function.
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Lane A, Tollit J, Lewis R, Murray P. P197 Efficacy of a Local Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) Service for Motor Neurone Disease (MND): Patient Survival, Safety and Satisfaction: Abstract P197 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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83
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Campbell J, Zhao J, Zaenger D, Colton L, Madi R, Dasher B, Ferguson C, Lewis R, Smith A, Sadek R, Terris M, Kong F. No Significant Difference in Overall Survival between Caucasian and African Americans Patient With Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of 1338 Patients From a Single Institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mercer CH, Jones KG, Johnson AM, Lewis R, Mitchell KR, Clifton S, Tanton C, Sonnenberg P, Wellings K, Cassell JA, Estcourt CS. O11.2 Overcoming the ambiguity of sexual partnership type: a novel categorisation using data from britain’s 3 rdnational survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (natsal-3). Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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85
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Huddart R, Porta N, Lewis R, Hendron C, Hussein S, James N, Hall E. 2507 Prognostic factors in muscle invasive bladder cancer patients receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in the BC2001 trial (CRUK/01/004). Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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86
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Giannella M, Bartoletti M, Morelli MC, Tedeschi S, Cristini F, Tumietto F, Pasqualini E, Danese I, Campoli C, Lauria ND, Faenza S, Ercolani G, Lewis R, Pinna AD, Viale P. Risk factors for infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae after liver transplantation: the importance of pre- and posttransplant colonization. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1708-15. [PMID: 25754742 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant-Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) infection after liver transplantation (LT) can aid development of effective preventive strategies. We performed a prospective cohort study of all adult patients undergoing LT at our hospital during 30-month period to define risk factors associated with CR-KP infection. All patients were screened for CR-KP carriage by rectal swabs before and after LT. No therapy was administered to decolonize or treat asymptomatic CR-KP carriers. All patients were monitored up to 180 days after LT. Of 237 transplant patients screened, 41 were identified as CR-KP carriers (11 at LT, 30 after LT), and 20 developed CR-KP infection (18 bloodstream-infection, 2 pneumonia) a median of 41.5 days after LT. CR-KP infection rates among patients non-colonized, colonized at LT, and colonized after LT were 2%, 18.2% and 46.7% (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for CR-KP infection identified by multivariate analysis, included: renal-replacement-therapy; mechanical ventilation > 48 h; HCV recurrence, and colonization at any time with CR-KP. Based on these four variables, we developed a risk score that effectively discriminated patients at low versus higher risk for CR-KP infection (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-1.00, p < 0.001). Our results may help to design preventive strategies for LT recipients in CR-KP endemic areas.
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Redding MR, Devereux J, Phillips F, Lewis R, Naylor T, Kearton T, Hill CJ, Weidemann S. Field measurement of beef pen manure methane and nitrous oxide reveals a surprise for inventory calculations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:720-728. [PMID: 26024253 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.04.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Few data exist on direct greenhouse gas emissions from pen manure at beef feedlots. However, emission inventories attempt to account for these emissions. This study used a large chamber to isolate NO and CH emissions from pen manure at two Australian commercial beef feedlots (stocking densities, 13-27 m head) and related these emissions to a range of potential emission control factors, including masses and concentrations of volatile solids, NO, total N, NH, and organic C (OC), and additional factors such as total manure mass, cattle numbers, manure pack depth and density, temperature, and moisture content. Mean measured pen NO emissions were 0.428 kg ha d (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.252-0.691) and 0.00405 kg ha d (95% CI, 0.00114-0.0110) for the northern and southern feedlots, respectively. Mean measured CH emission was 0.236 kg ha d (95% CI, 0.163-0.332) for the northern feedlot and 3.93 kg ha d (95% CI, 2.58-5.81) for the southern feedlot. Nitrous oxide emission increased with density, pH, temperature, and manure mass, whereas negative relationships were evident with moisture and OC. Strong relationships were not evident between NO emission and masses or concentrations of NO or total N in the manure. This is significant because many standard inventory calculation protocols predict NO emissions using the mass of N excreted by the animal.
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Feetham CH, Nunn N, Lewis R, Dart C, Barrett-Jolley R. TRPV4 and K(Ca) ion channels functionally couple as osmosensors in the paraventricular nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1753-68. [PMID: 25421636 PMCID: PMC4376454 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) and calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa ) mediate osmosensing in many tissues. Both TRPV4 and KCa channels are found in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, an area critical for sympathetic control of cardiovascular and renal function. Here, we have investigated whether TRPV4 channels functionally couple to KCa channels to mediate osmosensing in PVN parvocellular neurones and have characterized, pharmacologically, the subtype of KCa channel involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated osmosensing roles for TRPV4 and KCa channels in parvocellular PVN neurones using cell-attached and whole-cell electrophysiology in mouse brain slices and rat isolated PVN neurons. Intracellular Ca(2+) was recorded using Fura-2AM. The system was modelled in the NEURON simulation environment. KEY RESULTS Hypotonic saline reduced action current frequency in hypothalamic slices; a response mimicked by TRPV4 channel agonists 4αPDD (1 μM) and GSK1016790A (100 nM), and blocked by inhibitors of either TRPV4 channels (RN1734 (5 μM) and HC067047 (300 nM) or the low-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel (UCL-1684 30 nM); iberiotoxin and TRAM-34 had no effect. Our model was compatible with coupling between TRPV4 and KCa channels, predicting the presence of positive and negative feedback loops. These predictions were verified using isolated PVN neurons. Both hypotonic challenge and 4αPDD increased intracellular Ca(2+) and UCL-1684 reduced the action of hypotonic challenge. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There was functional coupling between TRPV4 and SK channels in parvocellular neurones. This mechanism contributes to osmosensing in the PVN and may provide a novel pharmacological target for the cardiovascular or renal systems.
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Lewis R, Liew LA, Xu S, Lee YC, Yang R. Microfabricated ultra-thin all-polymer thermal ground planes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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90
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Almatani T, Hugtenburg R, Lewis R, Barley S. EP-1428: Adaptive treatment planning in prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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91
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Neal RD, Tharmanathan P, France B, Din NU, Cotton S, Fallon-Ferguson J, Hamilton W, Hendry A, Hendry M, Lewis R, Macleod U, Mitchell ED, Pickett M, Rai T, Shaw K, Stuart N, Tørring ML, Wilkinson C, Williams B, Williams N, Emery J. Is increased time to diagnosis and treatment in symptomatic cancer associated with poorer outcomes? Systematic review. Br J Cancer 2015; 112 Suppl 1:S92-107. [PMID: 25734382 PMCID: PMC4385982 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether more timely cancer diagnosis brings favourable outcomes, with much of the previous evidence, in some cancers, being equivocal. We set out to determine whether there is an association between time to diagnosis, treatment and clinical outcomes, across all cancers for symptomatic presentations. METHODS Systematic review of the literature and narrative synthesis. RESULTS We included 177 articles reporting 209 studies. These studies varied in study design, the time intervals assessed and the outcomes reported. Study quality was variable, with a small number of higher-quality studies. Heterogeneity precluded definitive findings. The cancers with more reports of an association between shorter times to diagnosis and more favourable outcomes were breast, colorectal, head and neck, testicular and melanoma. CONCLUSIONS This is the first review encompassing many cancer types, and we have demonstrated those cancers in which more evidence of an association between shorter times to diagnosis and more favourable outcomes exists, and where it is lacking. We believe that it is reasonable to assume that efforts to expedite the diagnosis of symptomatic cancer are likely to have benefits for patients in terms of improved survival, earlier-stage diagnosis and improved quality of life, although these benefits vary between cancers.
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Xi G, Hayes E, Lewis R, Ichi S, Mania-Farnell B, Shim K, Takao T, Allender E, Mayanil CS, Tomita T. CD133 and DNA-PK regulate MDR1 via the PI3K- or Akt-NF-κB pathway in multidrug-resistant glioblastoma cells in vitro. Oncogene 2015; 35:241-50. [PMID: 25823028 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an adjuvant treatment for glioblastomas, however, chemotherapy remains palliative because of the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Following prolonged chemotherapy, MDR protein 1 (MDR1) and CD133 increase in recurrent glioblastomas. CD133 positive (CD133+) glioma cancer stem-like cells (GCSCs) markedly promote drug resistance and exhibit increased DNA damage repair capability; thus they have a key role in determining tumor chemosensitivity. Although CD133, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and MDR1 are elevated in CD133+ GCSCs, the relationship among these molecules has not been elucidated. In this study, MDR glioblastoma cell lines were created in response to prolonged doxorubicin chemotherapy. CD133, DNA-PK and MDR1 were markedly elevated in these cells. CD133 and DNA-PK may increase MDR1 via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signal pathway. PI3K downstream targets Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which interacts with the MDR1 promoter, were also elevated in these cells. Downregulation of CD133 and DNA-PK by small interfering RNA, or inhibition of PI3K or Akt, decreased Akt, NF-κB and MDR1 expression. The results indicate that CD133 and DNA-PK regulate MDR1 through the PI3K- or Akt-NF-κB signal pathway. Consequently, a novel chemotherapeutic regimen targeting CD133 and DNA-PK in combination with traditional protocols may increase chemotherapeutic efficacy and improve prognosis for individuals who present with glioblastoma.
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Burgess R, Buono C, Davies PR, Davies RJ, Legge T, Lai A, Lewis R, Morgan DJ, Robinson N, Willock DJ. The functionalisation of graphite surfaces with nitric acid: Identification of functional groups and their effects on gold deposition. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Myers C, Jardine N, Houpt J, Howes A, Lewis R. A Boundedly Optimal State Estimation & Control Model of Detecting Targets Among Salient Distractors. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore expectations, experiences and circumstances of anal sex among young people. DESIGN Qualitative, longitudinal study using individual and group interviews. PARTICIPANTS 130 men and women aged 16-18 from diverse social backgrounds. SETTING 3 contrasting sites in England (London, a northern industrial city, rural southwest). RESULTS Anal heterosex often appeared to be painful, risky and coercive, particularly for women. Interviewees frequently cited pornography as the 'explanation' for anal sex, yet their accounts revealed a complex context with availability of pornography being only one element. Other key elements included competition between men; the claim that 'people must like it if they do it' (made alongside the seemingly contradictory expectation that it will be painful for women); and, crucially, normalisation of coercion and 'accidental' penetration. It seemed that men were expected to persuade or coerce reluctant partners. CONCLUSIONS Young people's narratives normalised coercive, painful and unsafe anal heterosex. This study suggests an urgent need for harm reduction efforts targeting anal sex to help encourage discussion about mutuality and consent, reduce risky and painful techniques and challenge views that normalise coercion.
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Lewis R, Kosmin M, Andrews E, Fersht N. Audit to Establish Whether Patients Managed by the Brain Tumour Unit at UCLH/NHNN are following DVLA Guidelines for Patients with Brain Tumours. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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97
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Di Paolo A, Polillo M, Tascini C, Lewis R, Menichetti F, Danesi R. Different Recommendations for Daptomycin Dosing Over Time in Patients With Severe Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1788-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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98
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Buono C, Davies PR, Davies RJ, Jones T, Kulhavý J, Lewis R, Morgan DJ, Robinson N, Willock DJ. Spectroscopic and atomic force studies of the functionalisation of carbon surfaces: new insights into the role of the surface topography and specific chemical states. Faraday Discuss 2014; 173:257-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The utility of carbon materials in applications as diverse as drug delivery and photocatalysis is often undermined by the complexity of their surface chemistry; different sources of carbon give rise to a varied mixture of functional groups and hence different properties. Considerable efforts have been made to identify specific groups at these surfaces and elucidate the complex interactions that take place but even on materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes there remains uncertainty about the nature of the components present and their role in the nucleation of other functional materials at the surface. The present study uses highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model on which the fundamental properties of specific functional groups and their interactions with deposited nanoparticles can be characterised. We have shown that treatment of HOPG surfaces with low concentrations of hydrochloric acid results in significant topographic changes to the surface and a low concentration of oxygen containing species. From selective derivatization and a comparison of their XP spectra, the latter can be unambiguously identified as surface hydroxyls. DFT calculations have shown that these groups are stable in close proximity to each other. Heating to 573 K leads to conversion of the hydroxyls to mixture of two states, one of which is identified as a ketone whilst the other is proposed to be an ether. Gold deposition on the surface from aqueous solutions of chloroauric acid is shown to be strongly influenced by the nature of the oxygen species present.
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Redding MR, Lewis R, Waller J, Phillips F, Griffith D. Large-chamber methane and nitrous oxide measurements are comparable to the backward lagrangian stochastic method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1643-1651. [PMID: 25602405 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of individual emission sources (e.g., animals or pen manure) within intensive livestock enterprises is necessary to test emission calculation protocols and to identify targets for decreased emissions. In this study, a vented, fabric-covered large chamber (4.5 × 4.5 m, 1.5 m high; encompassing greater spatial variability than a smaller chamber) in combination with on-line analysis (nitrous oxide [NO] and methane [CH] via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; 1 analysis min) was tested as a means to isolate and measure emissions from beef feedlot pen manure sources. An exponential model relating chamber concentrations to ambient gas concentrations, air exchange (e.g., due to poor sealing with the surface; model linear when ≈ 0 m s), and chamber dimensions allowed data to be fitted with high confidence. Alternating manure source emission measurements using the large-chamber and the backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) technique (5-mo period; bLS validated via tracer gas release, recovery 94-104%) produced comparable NO and CH emission values (no significant difference at < 0.05). Greater precision of individual measurements was achieved via the large chamber than for the bLS (mean ± standard error of variance components: bLS half-hour measurements, 99.5 ± 325 μg CH s and 9.26 ± 20.6 μg NO s; large-chamber measurements, 99.6 ± 64.2 μg CH s and 8.18 ± 0.3 μg NO s). The large-chamber design is suitable for measurement of emissions from manure on pen surfaces, isolating these emissions from surrounding emission sources, including enteric emissions.
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Huddart R, McDonald F, Lewis R, Hall E. HYBRID - evaluating new radiation technology in patients with unmet needs. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2013; 25:546-8. [PMID: 23796918 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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