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Waller S. High ideals. NURSING TIMES 1999; 95:32-3. [PMID: 10745837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Waller S. Piloting a higher level of practice. PROFESSIONAL NURSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 1999; 15:6-7. [PMID: 10595173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Lane JM, Yasko AW, Tomin E, Cole BJ, Waller S, Browne M, Turek T, Gross J. Bone marrow and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in osseous repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999:216-27. [PMID: 10212616 DOI: 10.1097/00003086-199904000-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 each has the capacity to repair osseous defects. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins require the presence of progenitor cells to function. It is hypothesized that a composite graft of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and marrow would be synergistic and could result in superior grafting to autogenous bone graft. Syngeneic Lewis rats with a 5-mm critical sized femoral defect were grafted with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and marrow, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, marrow, syngeneic cancellous bone graft, or carrier alone (control). Serial radiographs (3, 6, 9, 12 weeks) and torque testing (12 weeks) were performed. Bone formation and union were determined. The recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and marrow composite grafts achieved 100% union at 6 weeks. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein alone achieved 80% union by week 12. Both groups yielded a higher union rate and superior mechanical properties than did either syngeneic bone graft (38%) or marrow (47%) alone. The superior performance of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 combined with bone marrow in comparison with each component alone strongly supports a biologic synergism. This experimentation shows the clinical importance of establishing operative site proximity for the osteoinductive factors and responding progenitor cells.
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Murphy D, Waller S, Fairhall K, Carter DA, Robinson CA. Regulation of the synthesis and secretion of vasopressin. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1999; 119:137-43. [PMID: 10074786 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic system that, for the first time, facilitates the monitoring of the regulatory dynamics of a central peptidergic system from transcription of a neuropeptide gene to the storage and release of the mature secretory product. Here we describe novel studies on the regulation of this system by physiological stimuli. The rat hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) mRNA responds in two ways to the functional demand imposed by an osmotic challenge. Firstly, the abundance of the VP RNA increases, and secondly, the size of the VP transcript increases as a consequence of a lengthening of the poly(A) tail. We have previously shown that chronic ingestion of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), while not affecting plasma osmolality or VP mRNA size, results in a significant increase in the abundance of the hypothalamic VP mRNA. We now show that chronic PTU ingestion results in a dramatic increase in the abundance of the mRNA encoded by a modified rat vasopressin transgene that is expressed in rat vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons. This is accompanied by a significant depletion in neural lobe stores of a VP. However, this increase in transgene expression is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of transgene encoded products reaching the neural lobe--the pituitary content of a unique peptide encoded by the modified transgene does not change. These observations are further evidence in support of models of neurohypophyseal homeostasis that suggest that pituitary VP peptide levels passively reflect changes in hormone release and synthesis and that the availability of mRNA is the primary determinant of pituitary VP content in the basal state.
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Waller S. Higher level practice in nursing: a prerequisite for nurse consultants? HOSPITAL MEDICINE (LONDON, ENGLAND : 1998) 1998; 59:816-8. [PMID: 9850303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Prime Minister has stated that he wishes nurse consultant posts to be introduced in the NHS. The UKCC is currently consulting on a framework for recognizing nurses who are working at a higher level of practice, and this work could form the professional standards infrastructure for those seeking a nurse consultant post.
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Waller S. Clarifying the UKCC's position in relation to higher level practice. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 1998; 7:960-4. [PMID: 9830907 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.1998.7.16.5610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The UKCC is currently consulting on its proposals to recognize and regulate a higher level of practice (UKCC, 1998a). These proposals follow the work undertaken by the UKCC from 1996-1998 on advanced and specialist practice and seek to build on the current postregistration education and practice (PREP) framework (UKCC, 1994). This article outlines the background to the consultation and puts the proposals into context. It is hoped that it will encourage practitioners to respond to the consultation, as the UKCC is very keen to hear the views of specialist nurses, midwives and health visitors. Copies of the UKCC's consultation document are available from Katrina Neal, Professional Officer (0171 333 6542) and are also available on our web site (http:/(/)www.ukcc.org.uk.). Responses should reach Sarah Waller, Director of Standards Promotion at the UKCC, by 20 October 1998.
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Waller S, Thom B, Harris S, Kelly M. Perceptions of alcohol-related attendances in accident and emergency departments in England: a national survey. Alcohol Alcohol 1998; 33:354-61. [PMID: 9719393 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The results from a survey, conducted in February and March 1997, of all Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments in England are presented. The survey examined staff perceptions of the preventive role of A&E departments in screening and intervention in alcohol-related attendances. Perceptions of the prevalence of alcohol-related attendances were also included. Attitudes towards developing a preventive response were positive. Few departments currently screen or offer intervention and considerable barriers to the implementation of a preventive response were reported.
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Waller S. The UKCC's further work on specialist practice. Nurs Stand 1998; 12:33. [PMID: 9776883 DOI: 10.7748/ns.12.39.33.s40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kerckhove LF, Waller S. Fetal personhood and the sorites paradox. THE JOURNAL OF VALUE INQUIRY 1998; 32:175-189. [PMID: 15295850 DOI: 10.1023/a:1004375726894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Waller S. The UKCC's work on nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists. Emerg Nurse 1998; 6:12-4. [PMID: 10474357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Shaw GK, Waller S, Latham CJ, Dunn G, Thomson AD. The detoxification experience of alcoholic in-patients and predictors of outcome. Alcohol Alcohol 1998; 33:291-303. [PMID: 9632055 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the detoxification experience and outcome at 6 months and 1 year following detoxification from alcohol in 160 patients admitted to a south-east London in-patient detoxification unit. Patients' socio-demographic characteristics are also described. The sample was predominantly middle-aged, mainly male, and highly dependent on alcohol. Subjects had been drinking heavily for many years and suffered physical and social complications in consequence. The rate of convulsions was 3.1% and of delirium tremens 1.25%. The details of the level of drug usage during detoxification and the assessment of severity of the withdrawal syndrome are also reported. The severity of the withdrawal syndrome and the incidence of significant complications of withdrawal were higher in those with a previous history of four or more episodes of detoxification, a previous history of withdrawal fits or evidence of high levels of tolerance and dependence assessed either by the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) or by drinking on a typical heavy drinking day in excess of 24 U of alcohol. It is suggested that subjects with one or more of these attributes should be treated on an in-patient, rather than an out-patient, basis unless adequate support and monitoring systems are in place. Overall, patients made improvements on a wide range of social and psychological variables, but the 'abstinent' and 'controlled drinking' groups made significantly higher improvements on all variables in both follow-up periods. When patients improved their drinking status and reduced the levels of drink-related physical and social complications, in both time periods, their use of social and health resources decreased significantly. Living circumstances at intake were predictive of drinking status at both follow-up stages. The amount drunk on a heavy drinking day, at both follow-up stages, was predicted by severity of withdrawal, SADQ and living circumstances at intake in that order of importance.
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Waller S. [Professional reading and writing]. SOINS. FORMATION, PEDAGOGIE, ENCADREMENT : AVEC LA PARTICIPATION DU CEEIEC 1998:5-8. [PMID: 9534592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shaw GK, Waller S, Latham CJ, Dunn G, Thomson AD. Alcoholism: a long-term follow-up study of participants in an alcohol treatment programme. Alcohol Alcohol 1997; 32:527-35. [PMID: 9269861 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a long-term follow-up study of 112 alcoholic patients admitted to an intensive 1-month residential programme. Outcomes at the 6-month and 1-year stages were reported in an earlier paper [G. K. Shaw et al. (1990) British Journal of Psychiatry 157, 190-196]. The length of the follow-up period in this study was an average of 9 years. Eighteen patients had died before the long-term follow-up stage, and of the remaining 94 a total of 60 patients were followed up. This study shows that major improvements on social, psychological and drinking behaviour measures, made at 6 months and 1 year follow-up, were, on the whole, maintained and there was a progressive improvement on most variables at each follow-up stage. Major improvements were achieved by those patients whose drinking was categorized as 'abstinent', 'controlled' and 'improved'. The proportion of patients categorized as 'unchanged' dropped from 43% at 6 months to 33% at 1 year and to 15% at 9 years. By the 1-year follow-up stage, the unchanged group showed deterioration on psychological variables such as neuroticism, self-esteem and satisfaction with life situations, continued to make use of health service resources, and the high level of alcohol-related physical and social complications remained unchanged. This group had similar results at long-term follow-up with the exception of neuroticism, which was significantly lower in all drinking categories.
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Waller S, Fairhall KM, Xu J, Robinson IC, Murphy D. Neurohypophyseal and fluid homeostasis in transgenic rats expressing a tagged rat vasopressin prepropeptide in hypothalamic neurons. Endocrinology 1996; 137:5068-77. [PMID: 8895381 DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.11.8895381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a transgenic system that, for the first time, facilitates monitoring of the regulatory dynamics of a central peptidergic system from transcription of a neuropeptide gene to the storage and release of the mature secretory product. A rat vasopressin (VP) transgene (5-VCAT-3), the expression of which is restricted to hypothalamic vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons in rats, contains a sequence that, if translated, would place a unique hexadecapeptide (DRSAGYYGLFKDRKEK, abbreviated to DR-12-EK) at the C-terminus of the VP precursor. We have raised an antibody against this "tag" and, using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, RIA, and HPLC, have shown for the first time that a VP transgene RNA is translated into a protein product found, in a processed form, in secretory granules in the posterior pituitaries of transgenic rats. Disruption of the C-terminus of the VP precursor by the peptide tag is well tolerated and does not disrupt VP production or disturb salt and water balance. An osmotic stimulus increased hypothalamic DR-12-EK levels, but changes in posterior pituitary DR-12-EK levels were more complex. After 5 days of salt-loading, DR-12-EK levels fell, as would be expected if its release was coordinate with that of VP. However, after 10 days of salt-loading, posterior pituitary DR-12-EK levels increased, despite the lower level of VP. This probably reflects the greater response of the transgene to osmotic challenge at the RNA level, increasing the proportion of DR-12-EK-containing translation products transported to the posterior pituitary relative to those derived from the endogenous gene. The exaggerated response of the tagged transgene to osmotic challenge at both RNA and protein levels affords a new opportunity to study the regulatory dynamics of the VP system at the molecular level, but within the physiologically advantageous context of the intact animal.
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Waller S. Using IRS--identify ... respond ... support--to solve security problems. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE PROTECTION MANAGEMENT : PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR HOSPITAL SECURITY 1995; 11:86-91. [PMID: 10144031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Shaw GK, Waller S, Majumdar SK, Alberts JL, Latham CJ, Dunn G. Tiapride in the prevention of relapse in recently detoxified alcoholics. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 165:515-23. [PMID: 7804666 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.165.4.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate the effect of tiapride (100 mg three times a day for at least one month) on outcome following detoxification. METHOD The setting was a tertiary referral centre. The study design was randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. One hundred routinely admitted alcohol-dependent patients were entered, and 54 completed the trial. Outcome was assessed by considering drinking status at three months and six months follow-up, and by comparing psychological status at intake and follow-up using the Crown-Crisp Experiential index, the Litman Self-esteem scale and a Satisfaction with Life Situations scale. We also compared performance over the six months before admission with the three and six months of follow-up on measures of health, social and drinking variables. RESULTS Tiapride proved better (usually at statistically highly significant levels) than placebo at promoting: abstinence, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life situations; and at reducing: alcohol consumption, use of health service resources, and levels of neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS Tiapride merits serious consideration in the longer-term treatment of alcoholic patients.
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Petersson B, Waller S, Vinnars E, Wernerman J. Long-term effect of glycyl-glutamine after elective surgery on free amino acids in muscle. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1994. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607194018004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Walker PA, Leong LE, Ng PW, Tan SH, Waller S, Murphy D, Porter AG. Efficient and rapid affinity purification of proteins using recombinant fusion proteases. Nat Biotechnol 1994; 12:601-5. [PMID: 7764949 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0694-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the affinity purification of recombinant fusion proteins, the rate-limiting step is usually the efficient proteolytic cleavage and removal of the affinity tail and the protease from the purified recombinant protein. We have developed a rapid, convenient and efficient method of affinity purification which can overcome this limitation. In one example of the method, the protease 3C from a picornavirus (3Cpro), which cleaves specific sequences containing a minimum of 6-7 amino acids, has been expressed as a fusion with glutathione S-transferase. The resultant recombinant 'fusion protease' cleaves fusion proteins bearing (from the amino-terminus) the same affinity tail as the fusion protease, a 3Cpro cleavage recognition site, and the recombinant protein of interest. The recombinant protein is purified in a single chromatographic step which removes both the affinity tail and the fusion protease. The advantages over existing methods include much improved specificity of proteolytic cleavage, complete removal of the protease and the affinity tail in one step, and the option of adding any desired amount of fusion protease to ensure efficient cleavage. The potential flexibility of the method is shown by the use of various affinity tails and alternative fusion proteases.
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Waller S, Steinert RF. Symptomatic intraocular reflections from oval intraocular lens implants. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116:374-6. [PMID: 8357066 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cornell CN, Tyndall D, Waller S, Lane JM, Brause BD. Treatment of experimental osteomyelitis with antibiotic-impregnated bone graft substitute. J Orthop Res 1993; 11:619-26. [PMID: 8410460 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The model of Norden was used to induce osteomyelitis in the left tibia of New Zealand White rabbits. Twenty-one days following inoculation, the animals had primary debridement and then were randomized into one of three treatment groups. Group I received no additional treatment; in Group II, plain hydroxyapatite beads were packed into the defect; and in Group III, gentamicin crobefat-loaded hydroxyapatite beads were packed into the defect. The animals were observed for 40 days after the primary debridement and then were killed. The intensity of infection was determined by swab cultures and quantitative bacterial cultures of the debrided material. At primary debridement, all of the animals in each group were equally infected. At the time of secondary debridement, only the animals in Group III had a statistically significant reduction in infection (p < 0.001). In this study, we demonstrated that an antibiotic-loaded osteoinductive ceramic bead can effectively eliminate bacteria from an osteomyelitic cavity.
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Moreno RJ, Weisman J, Waller S. Neuroretinitis: an unusual presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis. ANNALS OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1992; 24:68-70. [PMID: 1562128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroretinitis is a clinical condition usually seen in young healthy adults that is characterized by rapid profound unilateral loss of vision. Funduscopic findings include swollen disc, splinter hemorrhages, and macular star. Catscratch fever and leptospirosis have been suggested as possible etiologies in this condition. We report a case of a patient with neuroretinitis whose only laboratory abnormality was an elevated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin G Toxoplasma titer. The patient responded favorably to treatment with clindamycin, triple sulfa, and systemic corticosteroids. We recommended toxoplasmic serology be added to the workup of patients with neuroretinitis.
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Crooks V, Waller S, Smith T, Hahn TJ. The use of the Karnofsky Performance Scale in determining outcomes and risk in geriatric outpatients. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY 1991; 46:M139-44. [PMID: 2071835 DOI: 10.1093/geronj/46.4.m139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) was evaluated in a geriatric outpatient population with regard to three issues: its strength of association with widely used and validated geriatric instruments; its ability to predict patient outcomes; and its ability to serve as an identifier of high-risk patients. The 134-patient sample was given a comprehensive geriatric assessment which included the KPS, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, and other psychosocial and sensory tests. The KPS, ADL, and IADL were significantly correlated with each other, and the KPS showed the strongest associations with other functional measures. The KPS was also highly predictive of outcomes, performing better or equally well as the ADL and IADL. The KPS designation of high- and low-risk groups resulted in statistically significant score differences between groups in all but one assessment area, demonstrating better ability to discriminate than either the ADL or IADL. Thus, the KPS was shown to serve as an effective proxy score for a patient's health and functional status. It also was a significant predictor of hospitalizations, survival time, community residence, and institutionalization. Finally, the KPS was shown to adequately distinguish risk groups to aid in the targeting of services to ambulatory geriatric patients.
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Shaw GK, Waller S, McDougall S, MacGarvie J, Dunn G. Alcoholism: a follow-up study of participants in an alcohol treatment programme. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157:190-6. [PMID: 2224369 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.157.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twelve alcoholic patients treated by an intensive one-month residential programme were followed up for one year. As a group, they were socially disadvantaged and highly dependent on alcohol. Outcome of treatment was assessed at six months and one year following discharge by multiple measures which included assessments of drinking behaviour, measurements of social stability, neuroticism and self-esteem, and self-ratings of satisfaction with important aspects of day-to-day living. During the first six months following treatment, 37% were abstinent or drinking in controlled fashion; during the second six months, 53% achieved this status. Improvement in drinking status was positively related to improvements in all other outcome variables.
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