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Wong B, Signorovitch J, Hu S, Bange J, Rybalsky I, Shellenbarger K, Tian C, Swallow E, Song J, Ward S. Relationships between ambulatory function and body composition in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ward S, Newman A, Murray A, Woods R, McNeil J. EVIDENCE FOR THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ASPIRIN IN THE PREVENTION OF FRAILTY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Baboo J, Kilbride P, Delahaye M, Gaddum N, Blanco M, Morris J, Milne S, Callens S, Ward S. The important relationship between cooling and thawing rates on human t cell quality. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Morris J, Baboo J, Milne S, Lamb S, Nancekievill A, Creasy C, Kilbride P, Delahaye M, Gaddum N, Blanco M, Callens S, Ward S. Completing the cold chain: The development of GMP compliant dry thawers. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Delahaye M, Fraser H, Partington L, Popova D, Gaddum N, Callens S, Ward S, Thomas D. Characterisation of a dynamic modular automated system for the scale-up of allogeneic and autologous cell therapy products. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hasan J, Bell M, Kushinga G, Nicholas N, Delahaye M, Kerby J, Baptista R, Ward S. A semi-automated cost-efficient process for the closed expansion and harvest of pluripotent stem cells using a hollow fibre bioreactor and continuous centrifugation. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gaddum N, Baptista R, Delahaye M, Fraser H, Partington L, Popova D, Mirmalek-Sani H, Ward S. CFD simulation of small-scale single-use stirred tank bioreactors; Comparisons and perspectives. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Popova D, Dhadda P, Bell M, Amable P, Murrell J, McCoy R, Callens S, Kerby J, Ward S. Developing integrated single-use upstream and downstream platform processing options for allogeneic cell therapy applications: Linking the stirred tank bioreactor to the TFF. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ward S, Mena M, Bouillot P, Kollath C, Giamarchi T, Schmidt KP, Normand B, Krämer KW, Biner D, Bewley R, Guidi T, Boehm M, McMorrow DF, Rüegg C. Bound States and Field-Polarized Haldane Modes in a Quantum Spin Ladder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:177202. [PMID: 28498681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.177202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of one-dimensional systems is to understand their physics beyond the level of known elementary excitations. By high-resolution neutron spectroscopy in a quantum spin-ladder material, we probe the leading multiparticle excitation by characterizing the two-magnon bound state at zero field. By applying high magnetic fields, we create and select the singlet (longitudinal) and triplet (transverse) excitations of the fully spin-polarized ladder, which have not been observed previously and are close analogs of the modes anticipated in a polarized Haldane chain. Theoretical modeling of the dynamical response demonstrates our complete quantitative understanding of these states.
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Ward K, Spurr L, Goldman NR, Margaritopoulos GA, Kokosi M, Renzoni E, Chua F, Maher TM, Ward S, Wells AU. P248 Patient eligibility for anti-fibrotic therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can be altered by use of different sets of reference values for calculation of fvc percent predicted. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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El-Sayed C, Radley S, Mytton J, Evison F, Ward S. Acute diverticulitis: Risk of readmission and emergency surgery following an admission for acute diverticulitis. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Forbes SA, Beare D, Bindal N, Bamford S, Ward S, Cole CG, Jia M, Kok C, Boutselakis H, De T, Sondka Z, Ponting L, Stefancsik R, Harsha B, Tate J, Dawson E, Thompson S, Jubb H, Campbell PJ. COSMIC: High-Resolution Cancer Genetics Using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 91:10.11.1-10.11.37. [PMID: 27727438 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COSMIC (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk) is an expert-curated database of somatic mutations in human cancer. Broad and comprehensive in scope, recent releases in 2016 describe over 4 million coding mutations across all human cancer disease types. Mutations are annotated across the entire genome, but expert curation is focused on over 400 key cancer genes. Now encompassing the majority of molecular mutation mechanisms in oncogenetics, COSMIC additionally describes 10 million non-coding mutations, 1 million copy-number aberrations, 9 million gene-expression variants, and almost 8 million differentially methylated CpGs. This information combines a consistent interpretation of the data from the major cancer genome consortia and cancer genome literature with exhaustive hand curation of over 22,000 gene-specific literature publications. This unit describes the graphical Web site in detail; alternative protocols overview other ways the entire database can be accessed, analyzed, and downloaded. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Stone A, Blakely C, Bochantin K, Krawczel PD, Myers M, Nolan DT, Petersson-Wolfe CS, Pighetti GM, Ward S, Bewley JM. 0761 Housing and demographic effects on somatic cell score in southeast United States dairies. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Goemans N, Signorovitch J, Swallow E, Song J, Ward S. Development of a prognostic model for 1-year change in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nolan DT, Blakely C, Krawczel PD, Petersson-Wolfe CS, Pighetti GM, Stone A, Ward S, Bewley JM. 0585 Perceived mastitis costs and milk quality management practices among Southeastern United States dairy producers. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zaman O, Richards P, Ward S, Bortolami O, Collins K, Cheung K, Robinson T, Audisio R, Reed M, Wyld L. 83. Risk factors for surgical morbidity in older women with breast cancer: An interim analysis of the Bridging the Age Gap in Breast Cancer Study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Penny S, Abelin J, Saeed A, Malaker S, Trantham P, Shabanowitz J, Ward S, Hunt D, Cobbold M. Phosphopeptides as novel tumour antigens in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xie B, Ward S, Furutani-Seiki M, Mackenzie A, Mrsny R. Yes-associated protein signalling in pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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69
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Ward S, Outram S. Medicine: in need of culture change. Intern Med J 2016; 46:112-6. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Revitt O, Ward S, Morgan MD, Singh SJ, Singh SJ. P138 Early vs delayed rehabilitation: A randomised controlled trial: Abstract P138 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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De Lauretis A, Ward S, Murray C, Clayman C, Ong V, Denton C, Bikov A, Visca D, Lindahl G, Chetta A, Aiello M, Wuyts W, Kreuter M, Maher T, Stock C, Wells AU, Renzoni E. P32 Role of non acid and proximal reflux in scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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72
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Menon A, Hull J, Chung KF, Usmani O, Ward S. P239 Low prevalence of extra-thoracic airway hyper-responsiveness in UK patients with chronic refractory cough. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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73
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Orton CM, George PM, Ward S, Menzies-Gow A, Hull JH. P77 Hypoxic challenge testing for fitness to fly in severe asthma. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hopkins PA, Little H, Ward S, Harrington C, Feehan A, Peters K, Mcloone A, Dowling M, Chang T, Bell C. The clinical and operational consequences of prolonged occupancy strain and the use of non-intensive care beds to deliver critical care in a central london teaching hospital. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796228 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ward S, Bélanger M, Donovan D, Carrier N. Systematic review of the relationship between childcare educators' practices and preschoolers' physical activity and eating behaviours. Obes Rev 2015; 16:1055-70. [PMID: 26345462 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The role of childcare educators is important given that 81% of preschoolers living in developed countries receive childcare outside their home. Since children learn by observing and imitating others, childcare educators may play a role in promoting healthy eating behaviours and physical activity in young children. Six databases were searched for quantitative peer-reviewed, English or French primary studies reporting the correlates, predictors or effectiveness of childcare educators' practices on preschoolers' healthy eating and physical activity behaviours. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Fifteen articles were included in this review: 10 measured physical activity levels and five assessed eating behaviours. The quality score was rated as low for eight of these articles, and as moderate for the remaining seven. Two of four cross-sectional studies reported a positive relationship between educators and children's behaviours. Eleven intervention studies reported significant favourable effects of interventions. Educators may play a positive role in promoting healthy behaviours in children, but this is mainly based on a small number of intervention type studies of low or moderate quality. The influence of specific components of educators' practices on children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviours remains inconclusive.
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Green E, Harris T, Tempest E, Brierley W, Riley B, Sattar H, Ward S. WHY DO ADULTS WITH PALLIATIVE CARE NEEDS PRESENT TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT? Arch Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-205372.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ward S, Sykes BW, Brown H, Bishop A, Penaluna LA. A comparison of the prevalence of gastric ulceration in feral and domesticated horses in the UK. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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78
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Rajan N, Brown S, Ward S, Hainsworth P, Hodgkinson P, Pieniazek P, Husain A, Plummer R. Mesenteric cysts in naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: a mimic of metastatic disease. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:684-5. [PMID: 26473628 PMCID: PMC4832287 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ward S, Bélanger M, Donovan D, Carrier N. Peer influence on healthy eating and physical activity of preschoolers: A systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv171.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ressel L, Ward S, Kipar A. Equine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours Exhibit Variable Differentiation, Proliferation Activity and KIT Expression. J Comp Pathol 2015; 153:236-43. [PMID: 26292768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine cutaneous mast cell tumours (CMCTs) are generally considered to be benign skin lesions, although recurrent and multicentric tumours have been described. For canine CMCTs, grading and prognostic approaches are well established and aberrant KIT expression as well as high proliferation indices are associated with poor outcome. However, in the case of equine CMCTs, morphological features, proliferative activity and KIT expression pattern have not been assessed or related to biological behaviour, and there is discussion as to whether CMCTs are true neoplastic processes. The present study describes 45 equine CMCTs in terms of their morphology and KIT and PCNA expression by immunohistochemistry. KIT expression was classified as membranous (I), cytoplasmic and focally stippled (II) or diffuse cytoplasmic (III). A large proportion of the tumours were multinodular or diffuse dermal infiltrates of mast cells with mild anisokaryosis, a low proliferative rate and a dominance of KIT pattern I, representing well-differentiated CMCTs. In approximately one third of the cases, the mast cells exhibited more infiltrative growth, moderate to marked anisokaryosis and a higher degree of proliferation. These were classified as poorly differentiated CMCTs and exhibited only KIT patterns II and III. These findings indicate that there is a subgroup of poorly differentiated equine CMCTs, in which there is an association between aberrant KIT expression, high proliferative rate and potential aggressive behaviour, all features that confirm at least the poorly differentiated CMCT as a true neoplastic processes.
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Essig S, Ward S, Steiner MA, Friedman DJ, Geisz JF, Stradins P, Young DL. Progress Towards a 30% Efficient GaInP/Si Tandem Solar Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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82
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Morgan J, Richards P, Ward S, Francis M, Lawrence G, Collins K, Reed M, Wyld L. Case-mix analysis and variation in rates of non-surgical treatment of older women with operable breast cancer. Br J Surg 2015; 102:1056-63. [PMID: 26095684 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-surgical management of older women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive operable breast cancer is common in the UK, with up to 40 per cent of women aged over 70 years receiving primary endocrine therapy. Although this may be appropriate for frailer patients, for some it may result in treatment failure, contributing to the poor outcomes seen in this age group. Wide variation in the rates of non-operative management of breast cancer in older women exists across the UK. Case mix may explain some of this variation in practice. METHODS Data from two UK regional cancer registries were analysed to determine whether variation in treatment observed between 2002 and 2010 at hospital and clinician level persisted after adjustment for case mix. Expected case mix-adjusted surgery rates were derived by logistic regression using the variables age, proxy Charlson co-morbidity score, deprivation quintile, method of cancer detection, tumour size, stage, grade and node status. RESULTS Data on 17,129 women aged 70 years or more with ER-positive operable breast cancer were analysed. There was considerable variation in rates of surgery at both hospital and clinician level. Despite adjusting for case mix, this variation persisted at hospital level, although not at clinician level. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates variation in selection criteria for older women for operative treatment of early breast cancer, indicating that some older women may be undertreated or overtreated, and may partly explain the inferior disease outcomes in this age group. It emphasizes the urgent need for evidence-based guidelines for treatment selection criteria in older women with breast cancer.
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Ward S, Rubin J. MB-23 * CO-INHIBITION OF THE SONIC HEDGEHOG AND CXCR4 PATHWAYS UNIQUELY BLOCKS TUMOR INITIATING CELL FUNCTION IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mlotha R, Waterhouse D, Dzinjalamala F, Ardrey A, Molyneux E, Davies GR, Ward S. Pharmacokinetics of anti-TB drugs in Malawian children: reconsidering the role of ethambutol. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1798-803. [PMID: 25759035 PMCID: PMC4498297 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines for dosing of anti-TB drugs in children advocate higher doses for rifampicin and isoniazid despite limited availability of paediatric data on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs, especially from Africa, where the burden of childhood disease remains high. Methods Thirty children aged 6 months to 15 years underwent intensive pharmacokinetic sampling for first-line anti-TB drugs at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol were dosed at 10, 5, 25 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Plasma drug concentrations were determined using sensitive, validated bioanalytical methods and summary pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis. Results The median (IQR) Cmax was 2.90 (2.08–3.43), 3.37 (2.55–4.59), 34.60 (32.30–40.90) and 1.20 (0.85–1.68) mg/L while the median (IQR) AUC0–∞ was 16.92 (11.10–22.74), 11.48 (7.35–18.93), 333.50 (279.50–487.2) and 8.65 (5.96–11.47) mg·h/L for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, respectively. For all drugs, pharmacokinetic parameters relating to drug absorption and exposure were lower than those published for adults, though similar to existing paediatric data from sub-Saharan Africa. Weight and/or dose predicted at least one measure of exposure for all drugs. Age-related decreases in CL/F for rifampicin and pyrazinamide and a biphasic elimination pattern of isoniazid were observed. Predicted AUC0–∞ for rifampicin dosed at 15 mg/kg was comparable to that of adults while the dose required to achieve ethambutol exposure similar to that in adults was 55 mg/kg or higher. Conclusions These data support recently revised WHO recommendations for dosing of anti-TB drugs in children, but dosing of ethambutol in children also appears inadequate by comparison with adult pharmacokinetic data.
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Orton C, Ward S, Jordan S, Menzies-Gow A, Hull JH. Flow-volume loop: window to a smooth diagnosis? Thorax 2015; 70:302, 304. [PMID: 25595507 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Panchasara B, Haji G, Ward S, Menzies-Gow A, Hull J. P47 Continuous Laryngoscopy During Exercise (cle): A Practical And Valuable Test In A Respiratory Service? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baird T, O'Donohue K, Posthumus T, Ward S, Eliel M, Dalton J, Gauvin D. Essential variability in standard clinical pathology biomarkers in beagle dogs instrumented with chronic indwelling telemetry devices. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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O'Donohue K, Ward S, Eliel M, Dalton J, Gauvin D, Baird T. Epicardial (EPI) and intravascular (IV) electrocardiogram (ECG) signal characteristics in cynomolgus monkeys: A comprehensive one-year review. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ward S, Chandrasekhar J, Glover C. SINGLE CENTRE REVIEW OF OUTCOMES WITH ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION FOR DRUG-REFRACTORY HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Boutselakis C, Forbes SA, Gunasekaran P, Jia M, Beare D, Bindal N, Kok CY, Leung K, Minjie D, Shepherd R, Bamford S, Ward S, Cole C, Teague JW, Stratton M, Campbell P, McDermott U. Abstract 5326: COSMIC: Enhancing the world's knowledge of somatic mutations in human cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
COSMIC, the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk) is the world's largest and most comprehensive online resource for exploring the impact of somatic mutations in human cancer. Now running for over 10 years, the 67th release (Oct 2013) describes 1592109 mutations in 947213 tumour samples across 25606 genes. This information is curated manually from the scientific literature, and automatically from genome resequencing consortium data portals. Full curation of the scientific literature provides in-depth understanding of the impact that each gene has in human cancer, and this has been achieved for 127 point-mutated cancer genes, and 185 fusion gene pairs. Curated genes are selected from the Cancer Gene Census (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/census), a listing of all genes with substantial evidence implicating them in cancer promotion, currently numbering 513 and updated frequently.
The mutations discovered in the re-sequencing of over 8000 tumour genomes are now present in COSMIC (viewable in isolation from the genic curations, http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/wgs). In addition, the Sanger has now fully exome sequenced 1015 common cancer cell lines, identifying 1146874 coding mutations annotated for functional significance, and this is available exclusively in COSMIC at (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cell_lines). While COSMIC has focused on point mutations and gene fusions, many other mutation mechanisms cause oncogenesis and these are now being integrated. The 67th COSMIC release includes copy number mutations integrated into the database and major web page views. To allow easy graphical examination of this data, copy number information was reduced to ‘gain’ and ‘loss’ annotations for inclusion in histograms and tables, with much more precise detail available with a further click. Copy number data is available in detail for every gene in COSMIC, and also for every tissue. Exploring cancer via COSMIC’s Cancer Browser (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/browse/tissue), results not just in a plot of the most mutated genes, but now also a circular genome plot summarizing the copy number gains and losses across all the samples from that tumour type, all explorable in more detail via clicks on the pictures.
As the genomic data increases in COSMIC, it is becoming more important to qualitatively annotate the information, indicating which is more important or significant to oncogenesis. We are now building systems to better highlight known or putative functional mutations, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of cancer genome resequencing.
Citation Format: C Boutselakis, S A. Forbes, P Gunasekaran, M Jia, D Beare, N Bindal, C Y. Kok, K Leung, D Minjie, R Shepherd, S Bamford, S Ward, C Cole, J W. Teague, M Stratton, P Campbell, U McDermott. COSMIC: Enhancing the world's knowledge of somatic mutations in human cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5326. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5326
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Panchasara B, Nelson C, Niven R, Ward S, Hull JH. Lesson of the month: Rowing-induced laryngeal obstruction: a novel cause of exertional dyspnoea: characterised by direct laryngoscopy. Thorax 2014; 70:95-7. [PMID: 25260575 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a key differential diagnosis for unexplained dyspnoea in athletes. The gold standard means for diagnosis of EILO is direct laryngoscopy, performed continuously, while an athlete undertakes the specific sport that precipitates their symptoms. This report provides the first descriptions of rowing-associated EILO in two competitive rowers presenting with unexplained dyspnoea and cough. The report describes the methodology and safety of the use of continuous laryngoscopy in the context of maximal rowing ergometry and the use of this technique as a therapeutic tool to provide biofeedback.
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Ward S, Scope A, Rafia R, Pandor A, Harnan S, Evans P, Wyld L. Gene expression profiling and expanded immunohistochemistry tests to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer management: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2014; 17:1-302. [PMID: 24088296 DOI: 10.3310/hta17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression profiling (GEP) and expanded immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests aim to improve decision-making relating to adjuvant chemotherapy for women with early breast cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nine GEP and expanded IHC tests compared with current prognostic tools in guiding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer in England and Wales. The nine tests are BluePrint, Breast Cancer Index (BCI), IHC4, MammaPrint, Mammostrat, NPI plus (NPI+), OncotypeDX, PAM50 and Randox Breast Cancer Array. DATA SOURCES Databases searched included MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. Databases were searched from January 2009 to May 2011 for the OncotypeDX and MammaPrint tests and from January 2002 to May 2011 for the other tests. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review of the evidence on clinical effectiveness (analytical validity, clinical validity and clinical utility) and cost-effectiveness was conducted. An economic model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment guided by four of the nine test (OncotypeDX, IHC4, MammaPrint and Mammostrat) compared with current clinical practice in England and Wales, using clinicopathological parameters, in women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+), lymph node-negative (LN-), human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative (HER2-) early breast cancer. RESULTS The literature searches for clinical effectiveness identified 5993 citations, of which 32 full-text papers or abstracts (30 studies) satisfied the criteria for the effectiveness review. A narrative synthesis was performed. Evidence for OncotypeDX supported the prognostic capability of the test. There was some evidence on the impact of the test on decision-making and to support the case that OncotypeDX predicts chemotherapy benefit; however, few studies were UK based and limitations in relation to study design were identified. Evidence for MammaPrint demonstrated that the test score was a strong independent prognostic factor, but the evidence is non-UK based and is based on small sample sizes. Evidence on the Mammostrat test showed that the test was an independent prognostic tool for women with ER+, tamoxifen-treated breast cancer. The three studies appeared to be of reasonable quality and provided data from a UK setting (one study). One large study reported on clinical validity of the IHC4 test, with IHC4 score a highly significant predictor of distant recurrence. This study included data from a UK setting and appeared to be of reasonable quality. Evidence for the remaining five tests (PAM50, NPI+, BCI, BluePrint and Randox) was limited. The economic analysis suggests that treatment guided using IHC4 has the greatest potential to be cost-effective at a £20,000 threshold, given the low cost of the test; however, further research is needed on the analytical validity and clinical utility of IHC4, and the exact cost of the test needs to be confirmed. Current limitations in the evidence base produce significant uncertainty in the results. OncotypeDX has a more robust evidence base, but further evidence on its impact on decision-making in the UK and the predictive ability of the test in an ER+, LN-, HER- population receiving current drug regimens is needed. For MammaPrint and Mammostrat there were significant gaps in the available evidence and the estimates of cost-effectiveness produced were not considered to be robust by the External Assessment Group. LIMITATIONS Methodological weaknesses in the clinical evidence base relate to heterogeneity of patient cohorts and issues arising from the retrospective nature of the evidence. Further evidence is required on the clinical utility of all of the tests and on UK-based populations. A key area of uncertainty relates to whether the tests provide prognostic or predictive ability. CONCLUSIONS The clinical evidence base for OncotypeDX is considered to be the most robust. The economic analysis suggested that treatment guided using IHC4 has the most potential to be cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000; however, the evidence base to support IHC4 needs significant further research. STUDY REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2011:CRD42011001361, available from www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42011001361.
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Ward S, Kipar A, Ressel L. C-KIT Pattern Expression Analysis in Equine Mast Cell Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Diao K, Farmani R, Fu G, Astaraie-Imani M, Ward S, Butler D. Clustering analysis of water distribution systems: identifying critical components and community impacts. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2014; 70:1764-1773. [PMID: 25500465 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Large water distribution systems (WDSs) are networks with both topological and behavioural complexity. Thereby, it is usually difficult to identify the key features of the properties of the system, and subsequently all the critical components within the system for a given purpose of design or control. One way is, however, to more explicitly visualize the network structure and interactions between components by dividing a WDS into a number of clusters (subsystems). Accordingly, this paper introduces a clustering strategy that decomposes WDSs into clusters with stronger internal connections than external connections. The detected cluster layout is very similar to the community structure of the served urban area. As WDSs may expand along with urban development in a community-by-community manner, the correspondingly formed distribution clusters may reveal some crucial configurations of WDSs. For verification, the method is applied to identify all the critical links during firefighting for the vulnerability analysis of a real-world WDS. Moreover, both the most critical pipes and clusters are addressed, given the consequences of pipe failure. Compared with the enumeration method, the method used in this study identifies the same group of the most critical components, and provides similar criticality prioritizations of them in a more computationally efficient time.
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Hull JH, Backer V, Ward S, Usmani O, Menzies-Gow A. S93 Laryngeal obstruction during exercise is prevalent in severe asthma: Abstract S93 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gibb M, Willott V, Lohar S, Ward S, Bolton C, McAlinden P, De-Soyza A, Singh S. P48 An evaluation to understand the use of technology within a COPD population. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gott M, Ingleton C, Gardiner C, Richards N, Cobb M, Ryan T, Noble B, Bennett M, Seymour J, Ward S, Parker C. Transitions to palliative care for older people in acute hospitals: a mixed-methods study. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImproving the provision of palliative and end-of-life care is a priority for the NHS. Ensuring an appropriately managed ‘transition’ to a palliative approach for care when patients are likely to be entering the last year of life is central to current policy. Acute hospitals represent a significant site of palliative care delivery and specific guidance has been published regarding the management of palliative care transitions within this setting.Aims(1) to explore how transitions to a palliative care approach are managed and experienced in acute hospitals and to identify best practice from the perspective of clinicians and service users; (2) to examine the extent of potentially avoidable hospital admissions amongst hospital inpatients with palliative care needs.DesignA mixed-methods design was adopted in two hospitals in England, serving diverse patient populations. Methods included (1) two systematic reviews; (2) focus groups and interviews with 58 health-care professionals to explore barriers to, and facilitators of, palliative care transitions in hospital; (3) a hospital inpatient survey examining palliative care needs and aspects of management including a self-/proxy-completed questionnaire, a survey of medical and nursing staff and a case note review; (4) in-depth interviews with 15 patients with palliative care needs; (5) a retrospective case note review of all inpatients present in the hospital at the time of the survey who had died within the subsequent 12 months; and (6) focus groups with 83 key decision-makers to explore the implications of the findings for service delivery and policy.ResultsOf the 514 patients in the inpatient survey sample, just over one-third (n = 185, 36.0%) met one or more of the Gold Standards Framework (GSF) prognostic indicator criteria for palliative care needs. The most common GSF prognostic indicator was frailty, with almost one-third of patients (27%) meeting this criteria. Agreement between medical and nursing staff and the GSF with respect to identifying patients with palliative care needs was poor. In focus groups, health professionals reported difficulties in recognising that a patient had entered the last 12 months of life. In-depth interviews with patients found that many of those interviewed were unaware of their prognosis and showed little insight into what they could expect from the trajectory of their disease. The retrospective case note review found that 35 (7.2%) admissions were potentially avoidable. The potential annual cost saving across both hospitals of preventing these admissions was approximately £5.3M. However, a 2- or 3-day reduction in length of stay for these admissions would result in an annual cost saving of £21.6M or £32.4M respectively.ConclusionsPatients with palliative care needs represent a significant proportion of the hospital inpatient population. There is a significant gap between NHS policy regarding palliative and end-of-life care management in acute hospitals in England and current practice.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Ward S. Atlas of Pain Management Injection Techniques. Br J Anaesth 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fellegara I, Baird A, Ward S. Coral reproduction in a high-latitude, marginal reef environment (Moreton Bay, south-east Queensland, Australia). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2012.752766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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