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Yu CX, Wu GC, Xu SF, Chen CH. Melatonin attenuates the intensity of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 2000; 52:263-6. [PMID: 11956578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of exogenously administered melatonin on the intensity of beta-endorphin (beta-Ep) immunoreactivity of the neuron in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus with an aim to explore the possible mechanisms of the analgesic effect of melatonin. The experimental rats were divided into two groups, one injected intraperitoneally with melatonin (110 mg/kg) and the other with only a vehicle. One hour after injection, the brain was processed for coronal sections, which were stained with immunohistochemical ABC technique. The integral optical density (IOD) and mean optical density (OD) of the stained sections were measured with a computer-assisted image-processing and analytical system. beta-Ep immunoreactivity was much decreased in the sections treated with melatonin and the IOD and OD were also decreased significantly (P<0.01; P<0.05). The above results suggest that melatonin may result in a decrease of beta-Ep content in the arcuate nucleus, as a result of increased beta-Ep release induced by administration of melatonin. It is likely that the analgesic effect of melatonin may be in part mediated by the release of beta-endorphin from the arcuate nucleus.
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Yu CX, Wu GC, Xu SF, Chen CH. Effect of melatonin on pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000; 21:421-4. [PMID: 11324439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe altered expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA localized in neurons in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus following exogenous administration of melatonin. METHODS The experimental animals were divided into two groups injected i.p. with melatonin 90 mg.kg-1 and vehicle at 12 h interval (9:00 am and 9:00 pm). Twelve hours after the last injection, the rat brains were processed for coronal sections and nonradioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry technic was used. The integral optical density (IOD) and mean optical density (OD) of the stained brain sections were measured using the computer-assisted image processing technique. RESULTS The POMC mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus showed obvious enhancement in the brain sections of rats treated with melatonin. The IOD and OD values in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus area were increased significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively) with melatonin treatment. CONCLUSION Melatonin may enhance the POMC mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus of rat hypothalamus.
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Yu CX, Zhu CB, Xu SF, Cao XD, Wu GC. Selective MT(2) melatonin receptor antagonist blocks melatonin-induced antinociception in rats. Neurosci Lett 2000; 282:161-4. [PMID: 10717416 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) luzindole (a selective MT(2) melatonin receptor antagonist) and prazosin (a selective MT(3) melatonin receptor antagonist) on melatonin-induced antinociception, so as to clarify which of melatonin receptor subtypes within the central nervous system (CNS) was mediating antinociception. The pain threshold of rats was measured by the hot water (50 degrees C) tail-flick test. It was found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) melatonin (30, 60, 120 mg/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent antinociception. Luzindole (50, 100 microgram) administered intracerebroventricularly antagonized significantly the antinociceptive effect induced by i.p. melatonin (120 mg/kg), whereas prazosin (50 microgram) did not. Neither luzindole (100 microgram, i.c.v.) nor prazosin (50 microgram, i.c.v.) affected the nociceptive threshold when given alone. The results suggest that melatonin-induced antinociception is mediated through the MT(2) melatonin receptor subtype within the CNS.
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Li XY, Zhu CB, Chen HN, Zhu YH, Wu GC, Xu SF. Effects of fenfluramine combined with electroacupuncture on monoamine release in periaqueductal gray of rat brain. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1999; 20:597-600. [PMID: 10678120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the changes of monoamines in ventrolatoral periaqueductal gray of rat brain before and after electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia (EAA) was enhanced by fenfluramine (Fen), a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) releaser. METHODS Monoamines were collected by in vivo microdialysis and measured by HPLC connected with electrochemical detector. RESULTS The level of norepinephrine (Nor) after EA was decreased (P < 0.05 vs NS group). The contents of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in periaqueductal gray dialysate were increased (P < 0.05 vs NS group). When Fen was combined with EA, the level of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were further increased (P < 0.05 vs NS + EA group). There was no obvious change of Nor, DA, and HVA. CONCLUSION Fen potentiating EAA may be related to further activation of serotoninergic system.
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Cheng GX, Zhu XH, Men XQ, Wang L, Huang QH, Jin XL, Xiong SM, Zhu J, Guo WM, Chen JQ, Xu SF, So E, Chan LC, Waxman S, Zelent A, Chen GQ, Dong S, Liu JX, Chen SJ. Distinct leukemia phenotypes in transgenic mice and different corepressor interactions generated by promyelocytic leukemia variant fusion genes PLZF-RARalpha and NPM-RARalpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:6318-23. [PMID: 10339585 PMCID: PMC26879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.11.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a specific chromosome translocation involving RARalpha and one of four fusion partners: PML, PLZF, NPM, and NuMA genes. To study the leukemogenic potential of the fusion genes in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with PLZF-RARalpha and NPM-RARalpha. PLZF-RARalpha transgenic animals developed chronic myeloid leukemia-like phenotypes at an early stage of life (within 3 months in five of six mice), whereas three NPM-RARalpha transgenic mice showed a spectrum of phenotypes from typical APL to chronic myeloid leukemia relatively late in life (from 12 to 15 months). In contrast to bone marrow cells from PLZF-RARalpha transgenic mice, those from NPM-RARalpha transgenic mice could be induced to differentiate by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). We also studied RARE binding properties and interactions between nuclear corepressor SMRT and various fusion proteins in response to ATRA. Dissociation of SMRT from different receptors was observed at ATRA concentrations of 0.01 microM, 0.1 microM, and 1.0 microM for RARalpha-RXRalpha, NPM-RARalpha, and PML-RARalpha, respectively, but not observed for PLZF-RARalpha even in the presence of 10 microM ATRA. We also determined the expression of the tissue factor gene in transgenic mice, which was detected only in bone marrow cells of mice expressing the fusion genes. These data clearly establish the leukemogenic role of PLZF-RARalpha and NPM-RARalpha and the importance of fusion receptor/corepressor interactions in the pathogenesis as well as in determining different clinical phenotypes of APL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Nuclear
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Growth
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Phenotype
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Zinc Fingers
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Gao X, Xin BM, Zhu CB, Wu GC, Xu SF. [Effect of intrathecal injection of dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists on pain and acupuncture analgesia in rats]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1998; 50:43-8. [PMID: 11324516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Some selective dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists were tested on rat tail flick model to investigate the role of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor in pain and acupuncture analgesia (AA). It was found that intrathecal administration (i.t.) of D2 receptor agonist LY171555 or D1/D2 receptor agonist apomorphine increased pain threshold and had a potentiating effect on AA. In contrast, D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 had no effect. It D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride attenuated the effect of AA. The results suggest that D2 receptor is involved in pain modulation and activation of D2 receptor and enhances AA in the spinal cord, while such effect is absent in D1 receptor and inactivation of D1 receptor attenuates AA.
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Zhu CB, Zhang XL, Xu SF, Cao XD, Wu GC, Li MY, Cui DF, Qi ZW. Antagonistic effect of orphanin FQ on opioid analgesia in rat. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1998; 19:10-4. [PMID: 10375749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of orphanin FQ (OFQ), a newly discovered heptadecapeptide, on nociception and opioid analgesia. METHODS The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intrathecal (i.t.h.) injections were used to give the drugs. The tail-flick model of rats were used to test the pain threshold. RESULTS OFQ (i.c.v. or i.t.h.) 0.1 microgram had no effect on nociception but 0.5-10 micrograms induces hyper-reaction of rat to noxious electric stimulus; the decapeptide (OFQ1-10 i.c.v.), a fragment of the OFQ, did not affect the pain reaction of rats. Fentanyl (1 microgram, i.c.v. or i.t.h.), a selective mu-receptor agonist, DSLET (5 micrograms, i.c.v. or i.t.h.), a selective delta-receptor agonist, or U50488H (1 microgram, i.t.h.), a kappa-receptor agonist, induced an increase in pain threshold, when OFQ (0.1 or 1 microgram) was added together with one of them (except for the ith injection of DSLET), the increase of pain threshold was reduced obviously. CONCLUSION OFQ induces hyperalgesia and antagonizes opioid analgesia mediated by mu- and delta-receptors in the brain and by mu- and kappa- but not delta-receptors in the spinal cord of rats.
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Zhu CB, Cao XD, Xu SF, Wu GC. Orphanin FQ potentiates formalin-induced pain behavior and antagonizes morphine analgesia in rats. Neurosci Lett 1997; 235:37-40. [PMID: 9389590 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to observe the effect of orphanin FQ (OFQ, also known as 'nociceptin'), a newly-discovered neuropeptide, on pain behavior and morphine analgesia evaluated by formalin test in rats. It was found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 0.1 microg OFQ had no effect on formalin-induced pain behavior; but 1, 5, 10 or 20 microg OFQ produced prolonged lifting, licking, biting or shaking of the affected paw with higher pain scoring in dose dependent manner. Repeated i.c.v. injection of antisense olignucleotide (ASO) complementary to OFQ receptor but not mismatch olignucleotide (MSO) resulted in the decrease of pain behavior; in such circumstances, OFQ showed no enhancing effect on formalin nociception. OFQ (0.1 or 1 microg, i.c.v.) significantly attenuated morphine analgesia and ASO could validly antagonize the effect of it. Pretreatment with MSO had no such effect. The present results suggest that OFQ enhances the pain behavior of rat and antagonizes morphine analgesia in formalin test.
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Zhang XL, Zhu CB, Xu SF, Cao XD, Wu GC, Li MY, Cui DF, Chi CW. [Effect of intrathecal or intracerebroventricular administrition of OFQ on pain threshold and acpuncture analgesia in rats]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1997; 49:575-80. [PMID: 9813499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Orphanin FQ (OFQ) is a newly discovered 17-amino-acid peptide capable of inducing hyperalgesia. In the present study, the effects of OFQ on basal pain threshold and acupuncture anlgesia (AA) in rats were observed using the tail-flick test. It was found that intrathecal (i.t.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administrition of 0.1 microgram OFQ had no effect on basal pain threshold of rats, while 1 microgram OFQ could lower the threshold. However, OFQ at both the doses (0.1 or 1.0 microgram) administered by either i.t. or i.c.v. injection could antagonize AA with that occuring in the brain being more prominent then in the spinal cord. When the rats were repeatedly treated with antisense oligonucleotide to block synthesis of OFQ receptor, pain threshold increased significantly. At such instance, when the OFQ was combined with acupuncture, the effect of AA showed no obvious change. The above results show that the OFQ at small dose has no effect on pain threshold but can lower it at larger dose; while in both cases OFQ can antagonize AA.
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Expression of preproopiomelanocortin mRNA and preprodynorphin mRNA in brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1997; 18:391-4. [PMID: 10322923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the expressions of prepropiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA between 16-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). METHODS The expression of POMC mRNA and PPD mRNA were detected with nonradioactive in situ hybridization by digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe. RESULTS POMC mRNA mainly was expressed in arcuate nucleus, compared with WKY, SHR had higher level of POMC mRNA (542). PPD mRNA was found in hippocampus, hypothalamus, central gray, nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and thoracic spinal cord (T4-T6). Compared with WKY, PPD mRNA level of SHR decreased in dentate gyrus (2342), NTS (381), and medial preoptic area (467); no difference was observed in arcuate nucleus (263), thoracic spinal cord (750-1800) and CA1, CA2, CA3 of hippocampus (1674, 2014, 2626). CONCLUSION Increase of POMC mRNA in arcuate nucleus and decrease of PPD mRNA in dentate gyrus of SHR may be associated with the genesis of spontaneous hypertension.
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Zhu CB, Li XY, Zhu YH, Wu GC, Xu SF. [Alteration of monoamine contents in microdialysate following droperidol enhanced electroacupuncture]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1997; 49:382-8. [PMID: 9812868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The monoamine contents in microdialysate from rat brain before and after droperidol (DRO), a dopamine (DA) antagonist, enhanced electroacupuncture-induced analgesia (EA) were measured using techniques of in vivo microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC), so as to investigate the monoamine mechanism of the potentiating effect of DRO on acupuncture analgesia (AA). The results showed that the levels of DA and its metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) in perfusate increased after EA (P < 0.05 or 0.01), and further increased after DRO + EA (P < 0.05 and 0.01, vs EA treatment). A significant decrease in norepinephrine (NE) content after EA (P < 0.01) was observed, but no further change after DRO + EA (P > 0.05, vs EA treatment). The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) we elevated after EA treatment, and a further elevation in 5-HT and 5-HIAA contents induced by DRO + EA was noted. The results in the present study suggest that DRO potentiated AA not only via antagonizing the activity of dopaminergic system, but also by coordinating the activities of other monoamines in the brain.
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Da WM, Liu Y, Zhong JT, Bai H, Ji MJ, Wang CB, Lu JZ, Chen JM, Wang YL, Wu XX, Xu SF, Zhang Q, Wei YM. Autologous bone marrow mixed with HLA-haploidentical allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of patients with malignant blood diseases. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:107-12. [PMID: 9116606 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that syngeneic marrow mixed with H-2 haploidentical marrow transplantation could provide not only protection against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) but also anti-leukemic (GVL) effects in mice. In the present studies, we report clinical observations using autologous marrow mixed with HLA-haploidentical allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of patients with malignant blood diseases. Sixteen cases, including 12 with acute leukemia and four with advanced malignant lymphoma, were treated by autologous marrow, which was purged in vitro by hyperthemia (42.5 degrees C for 70 min) following incubation for 5 days with interleukin 2 (IL-2) in liquid culture and mixed with HLA haploidentical marrow cells from their sibling or parent. Acute GVHD was not observed in any patient after transplantation. Hematological rescue in the clinical setting was demonstrated in all cases but one who died early from hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Five cases who were transplanted at the time of CR2 or CR3 and in advanced phase of lymphoma, relapsed 4 to 7 months after transplantation. The relapse rate was 31.3%. None of eight patients who received allogeneic BMT within 2 h after ABMT relapsed with median follow-up of 12 months and two of them died from procedure-related complications. Seven cases are still alive and disease-free with a median follow-up of 12 months. Mixed chimerism was found in 3/6 cases, who had different sex donors, by analysis of sex chromosomes. These results show that mixed transplantation is a safe, effective and new approach to treating patients with malignant tumors. In order to detect the effects of GVL, studies are now in progress in our clinic.
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Zhu CB, Li XY, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Preproopiomelanocortin and preprodynorphin mRNA expressions in rat brain after electroacupuncture + droperidol. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1997; 18:53-5. [PMID: 10072894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the expression of preproopiomelanocortin (POMC) and preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA following the combination of electroacupuncture (EA) with droperidol (Dro), a dopamine receptor antagonist. METHODS The brains and spinal cords of Sprague-Dawley rats were sectioned after combination of EA with Dro, and the gene expression was investigated using nonradioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH). RESULTS Ten hours after EA, the POMC mRNA expression was enhanced; the expression was further enhanced when EA was combined with Dro. The expression of PPD mRNA showed regional difference in central nervous system (CNS): in spinal cord, EA enhanced the PPD mRNA expression and the combination of EA with Dro further promoted the expression; in the brain, the PPD mRNA expression after EA or combination of EA with Dro showed no obvious change in most regions (caudate-putamen, accumbens, arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus) or was decreased in supraoptic nucleus. CONCLUSION Dro combined with EA promoted the expression of POMC mRNA in CNS and PPD mRNA in spinal cord, but reduced or had no effect on PPD mRNA expression in the brain.
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Zheng YH, Xu SF, Fang L. [Oncogenes and function of the gonads]. SHENG LI KE XUE JIN ZHAN [PROGRESS IN PHYSIOLOGY] 1996; 27:344-6. [PMID: 9772388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Zhu CB, Xu SF, Cao XD, Wu GC, Zhang XL, Li MY, Cui DF, Chi CW. Antagonistic action of orphanin FQ on acupuncture analgesia in rat brain. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 1996; 21:199-205. [PMID: 9051167 DOI: 10.3727/036012996816356852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of orphanin FQ (OFQ) (a newly discovered 17-amino acid peptide) on acupuncture analgesia (AA) was assessed in rat tail-flick model. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of OFQ (1 microgram) elicited a significant decrement of pain threshold which was abolished by the repeated pretreatment with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to OFQ receptor. Electroacupuncture (EA) induced an obvious analgesic effect; when OFQ was used combined with EA, it showed a dose-dependent effect on antagonizing the EA analgesia. When rat was repeatedly i.c.v. injected with ASO to block the synthesis of OFQ receptor, the EA analgesia was enhanced markedly. In this instance, the OFQ did not show antagonistic effect on EA analgesia any more. The results suggest that the OFQ play its antagonistic role on EA analgesia via activating OFQ receptor.
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Shi GG, Wei DS, Liu BJ, Xu SF. Effect of phencyclidine on dog coronary artery. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1996; 17:224-6. [PMID: 9812741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of phencyclidine (Phe) on dog coronary artery. METHODS Contraction of spiral strips of dog coronary artery in bioassay and coronary artery blood flow (CBF) using electromagnetic flowmeter on anesthetized dogs were observed. RESULTS Phe 0.1-100 mumol.L-1 induced contraction of strips in a concentration-dependent manner. Dextromethorphan (Dex) 10 mumol.L-1, an antagonist of Phe receptor, antagonized the action of Phe. In vivo, Phe 10 mg.kg-1 increased flow of left circumflex coronary artery of anesthetized dogs from 334 +/- 35 mL.kg-1.min-1 to 510 +/- 58 mL.kg-1.min-1, and both left ventrical pressure (LVP) and blood pressure (BP) rose slowly after medication. Dextromethorphan (Dex) 5 mg.kg-1 also antagonized the effect of Phe. CONCLUSION The regulation of Phe on coronary artery in vivo differs from that in vitro, which may result in the contradictory effects.
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Mapping of preproenkephalin mRNA in brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1996; 17:111-4. [PMID: 9772656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To detect different expression of preproenkephalin mRNA (PPE mRNA) in 16-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). METHODS Nonradioactive in situ hybridization was performed using digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe. RESULTS Compared with WKY rats, PPE mRNA levels of 16-wk-old SHR increased in hypothalamic nuclei (> 20), amygdaloid nuclei (> 23), ventrolateral central gray (21.2), reticular substantia nigra (21.5), interpeduncular nuclei (> 21), nucleus of the solitary tract (30.7), rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus (29.1), gigantocellular reticular nucleus (23.9) and thoracic spinal cord (> 30); decreased in dorsal central gray (22.7). No difference was found in compact substantia nigra (22.8), dentate gyrus (26.2) and CA1, CA2, CA3 of hippocampus (> 25). CONCLUSION PPE mRNA in brain regions involved in modulation of blood pressure may be associated with the genesis of spontaneous hypertension in SHR. Enkephalin, an endogenous ligand of opioid receptors, is important in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of mu agonist [D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAGO) and delta agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE) increased the BP[1]. In situ hybridization study showed preproenkephalin mRNA was localized in hypothalamic nuclei, hippocampus, NTS, and spinal cord[2], where the cardiovascular regulation took place. The icv of mu agonist morphiceptin induced a pressor response in SHR but hypotension in WKY rat, and delta agonist Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr (DTLET) icv decreased BP in SHR but increased BP in WKY[3]. Compared with WKY rats, SHR had greater concentration of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in cortex, pons, and medulla[4], but lower Leu-Enk in suprachiasmatic nucleus[5]. These studies imply that opiate system is disturbed in essential hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine whether the biosynthetic activity of CNS opiates in brain is altered in case of essential hypertension.
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Distributions of mu and delta opioid receptors in central nervous system of SHR rats and normotensive WKY rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1996; 17:28-31. [PMID: 8737447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the distributions of opioid receptor subtypes in central nervous system of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. METHODS [3H] Ohmefentanyl (OMF), [3H]N-methyl-N-[7-(I-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro (4,5)dec-8-yl] benzeneacetamide (U-69593) and [3H]etorphine after suppression of mu and kappa-sites by 15 mumol.L-1 each of unlabeled OMF and trans-(1R,2R)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide hydrochloride (U-50 488H) were used as ligands for mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptor subtypes in autoradiography, respectively. RESULTS Delta receptors had an increase in hypothalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, caudate and interpeduncular nuclei, and a decrease in substantia nigra in SHR than in those of WKY rat. Mu receptors were less concentrated in basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, habenular nuclei and nucleus of solitary tract of SHR than in those of WKY rats. Kappa receptor density was not checked out in the present study. CONCLUSION Distribution of opioid receptor subtypes is related to hypertension of SHR, and delta opioid receptor is more important than mu opioid receptor in the maintenance of hypertension in SHR.
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Li XY, Zhu CB, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Expressions of preproenkephalin mRNA during electroacupuncture analgesia enhanced by fenfluramine. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:431-4. [PMID: 8701761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the changes of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA in rat brain in response to electroacupuncture (EA) combined with fenfluramine (Fen), a releaser of 5-HT. METHODS In situ hybridization histochemistry technique was used to observe the expression of PPE mRNA in rat brain during EA analgesia potentiated by Fen. RESULTS The greatest relative increase of PPE mRNA was seen in lumbar spinal cord (laminae I & II), nucleus raphe magnus, dorsal raphe nucleus, periaqueductal gray, interpeduncular nucleus, preoptic lateral area, amygdala nucleus and caudate-putamen (P < 0.01, vs NS + EA). Moderate increases were found in lateral septal, preoptic medial area, hypothalamus ventromedial nucleus, lumbar spinal laminae III & IV (P < 0.05, vs NS + EA). Thalamus showed no statistical significant change in PPE mRNA. CONCLUSION The enhancing of PPE mRNA in relative brain nuclei is involved in potentiating action of Fen on EA.
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Zhu CB, Li XY, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Binding sites of mu receptor increased when acupuncture analgesia was enhanced by droperidol: an autoradiographic study. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:311-4. [PMID: 7668098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study if mu receptor participates in the process of potentiation of droperidol (Dro) on acupuncture analgesia (AA). METHODS Autoradiographic technic was used. Ohmefentanyl, a highly selective ligand of mu receptors, was used in radio-receptor binding assay in Sprague-Dawley rat brain sections. RESULTS The binding sites of [beta-3H, p-benzoyl-3H]ohmefentanyl were increased greatly in many nuclei of rat brain after AA, and were further increased when AA was enhanced by Dro. Higher increase was seen in caudate nucleus, accumbens, periaqueductal gray (PAG), interpeduncular nucleus, amygdala (P < 0.01 vs rats treated with electroacupuncture alone); moderate increase was noted in thalamus, lateral area of hypothalamus, spinal dorsal horn (P < 0.01 or 0.05); slight increase appeared in septum, preoptic area, hippocampus, substantia nigra (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Mu opioid receptors mediated the Dro-induced enhancement of AA.
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Huang DK, Xu SF. Different distributions of opioid receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:341-4. [PMID: 7668106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the densities of opioid receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with those of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats in central nervous system which are related to the regulation of BP. METHODS [3H] Etorphine, a nonspecific opioid ligand, was used to determine the distributions of opioid receptors in 16-wk-old SHR and WKY rats by quantitative autoradiography. RESULTS The densities of [3H]etorphine in hippocampus (P < 0.01), periaqueductal gray, nucleus of the solitary tract, and thoracic (T4-6) spinal cord (P < 0.05) of SHR were lower than those of WKY rats. But in basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (P < 0.01), habenular nuclei (P < 0.05), and hypothalamic nuclei including arcuate nucleus (P < 0.01), higher densities of opioid receptors were found in SHR. No difference existed in interpeduncular nuclei between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION The difference in distributions of opioid receptors is related to the hypertension in SHR.
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Cheng GX, Wang YG, Zhou XG, Du F, Xiao YD, Xu SF. [A preliminary study on early development of goat (Capra hircus) reconstituted embryos]. SHI YAN SHENG WU XUE BAO 1995; 28:147-55. [PMID: 7571949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Goat reconstituted embryos (REs) have been produced by electrofusion-mediated nuclear transplantation method. Single cell derived from normal embryos or REs developed to 8-cell morula stage or the inner cell mass (ICM) of early blastocyst stage was used to fuse with enucleated mature egg (26-28 hrs after injection of LRH). According to the results summarized in table 1 and 2, we decided to adopt the method to embed REs in agarose and then transfer into goat oviduct lumen of host mother for 4-6 days in vivo culture. Normal fertilized eggs seem to develop synchronously, but that of REs are not. Tables 4 and 5 reveal that REs and embryos reconstituted successively can develop normally, no significant difference was found among their development rates. All these experimental results indicate that nuclei of some blastomeres from normal embryos or REs (derived from eight cells to morula or ICM) retained their totipotency for further development. These nuclei can be reprogrammed in host ooplasm, and developed to term.
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Zhu CB, Li XY, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Preproenkephalin mRNA enhanced by combination of droperidol with electroacupuncture. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:201-4. [PMID: 7660810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA following electroacupuncture (EA) combined with droperidol (Dro), an antagonist of dopamine receptors. METHOD The brains of Sprague-Dawley rats were sectioned after combination of EA with Dro and nonradioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) technic was used. RESULTS Ten hours after EA, the expression of PPE mRNA was enhanced; when EA was combined with Dro, the expression of PPE mRNA was further enhanced in many pain-modulation-related nuclei, such as caudate-putamen, accumbens, septal nucleus, diagonal band nucleus, amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG), interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, and the dorsal horn of spinal cord (layer I-II and III-IV). CONCLUSION Dro promoted EA's action on the PPE mRNA expression, which underlie the mechanisms of Dro potentiation on acupuncture analgesia.
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Yin X, Zhu YH, Xu SF. Phencyclidine receptors in brain and spinal cord of spontaneously hypertensive rats aged 4-16 wk. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1995; 16:58-61. [PMID: 7771199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the relationship between the density of phencyclidine [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine hydrochloride, Phe] receptor binding sites in brain and thoracic spinal cord (T4-6) and the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). METHODS The density of Phe binding sites was determined by autoradiography using [3H]Phe in 4-, 8-, 12- and 16-wk-old rats. RESULTS There were fewer Phe binding sites in the hippocampus and dorsal horn of thoracic spinal cord of SHR at 12 and 16 wk (P < 0.01), when hypertension has established; while at 4 wk of age, before the development of hypertension, more Phe binding sites were found in SHR. As blood pressure began to rise at 8 wk, SHR had more Phe binding sites in hippocampus vs WKY, but no difference was seen between 2 strains in the dorsal horn of thoracic spinal cord. CONCLUSION Phe receptors might be involved in the genesis of SHR hypertension.
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Wang HH, Zhu YH, Xu SF. [The potentiation effect of haloperidol on the binding of etorphine to brain membranes in acupuncture analgesia]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1994; 46:313-9. [PMID: 7973821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
[3H]-etorphine was used in receptor binding studies on membrane preparation from rabbit brain. Scatchard analysis revealed that rabbit brain had two different affinity binding sites. In the high affinity site, the dissociation constant (Kd1) of the control group was 2.57 +/- 0.33 nmol/L. When analgesia was induced by haloperidol or acupuncture, the Kd1 values decreased respectively (P < 0.05) to 1.44 +/- 0.03 nmol/L and 1.53 +/- 0.05 nmol/L. These Kd1 values further decreased to 1.25 +/- 0.03 nmol/L when acupuncture analgesia was potentiated by combined action of acupuncture and i.v. haloperidol (P < 0.01). In case of autoradiographic analysis of brain slices showed that the density of opioid receptors in many brain regions, such as N. Caudatus, preoptic lateral area, N. Paraventricularis, N. Centromedianus, Periaqueductal gray, showed significant increase, a results indicating that the upregulation of opioid receptors in rabbit brain may be one of the mechanisms in the potentiating action of haloperidol on acupuncture analgesia.
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