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Zhang Y, Betran AP, Li X, Liu D, Yuan N, Shang L, Lin W, Tu S, Wang L, Wu X, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Zheng L, Gu C, Fang J, Liu Z, Ma L, Cai Z, Yang X, Li H, Zhang H, Zhao X, Yan L, Wang L, Sun X, Luo Q, Liu L, Zhu J, Qin W, Yao Q, Dong S, Yang Y, Cui Z, He Y, Feng X, He L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Wang X, Souza JP, Qi H, Duan T, Zhang J. What is an appropriate caesarean delivery rate for China: a multicentre survey. BJOG 2021; 129:138-147. [PMID: 34559941 PMCID: PMC9297886 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the current status of caesarean delivery (CD) in China, propose reference CD rates for China overall, and by regions, investigate the main indications for CDs and identify possible areas for safe reduction. Design A multicentre cross‐sectional study. Setting A total of 94 hospitals across 23 provinces in China. Population A total of 73 977 randomly selected deliveries. Methods We used a modified Robson classification to characterise CDs in subgroups and by regions, and the World Health Organization (WHO) C‐Model to calculate reference CD rates. Main outcome measures CD rates in China. Results In 2015–2016, the overall CD rate in China was 38.9% (95% CI 38.6–39.3%). Considering the obstetric characteristics of the population, the multivariable model‐based reference CD rate was estimated at 28.5% (95% CI 28.3–28.8%). Accordingly, an absolute reduction of 10.4% (or 26.7% relative reduction) may be considered. The CD rate varied substantially by region. Previous CD was the most common indication in all regions, accounting for 38.2% of all CDs, followed by maternal request (9.8%), labour dystocia (8.3%), fetal distress (7.7%) and malpresentation (7.6%). Overall, 12.7% of women had prelabour CDs, contributing to 32.8% of the total CDs. Conclusions Nearly 39% of births were delivered by caesarean in China but a reduction of this rate by a quarter may be considered attainable. Repeat CD contributed more than one‐third of the total CDs. Given the large variation in maternal characteristics, region‐specific or even hospital‐specific reference CD rates are needed for precision management of CD. Tweetable abstract The caesarean rate in 2015–2016 in China was 38.9%, whereas the reference rate was 28.5%. The caesarean rate in 2015–2016 in China was 38.9%, whereas the reference rate was 28.5%. Linked article This article is commented on by M Varner, p. 148 in this issue. To view this mini commentary visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16953.
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Zhao ZQ, Dong S, Shi JT, Liang HJ, Yan TQ, Guo RL, Yang XD, Tang XM, Zhang X. [The prevention and management of approach-specific complications of abdominal aortic balloon occlusion in pelvic and sacral surgery]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2021; 59:738-745. [PMID: 34404171 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210527-00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the causes,prevention and treatment of femoral artery puncture related complications caused by the application of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in the resection of pelvic and sacral tumors. Methods: Clinical data of 23 patients with femoral artery puncture related complications who received REBOA in the resection of pelvic and sacral tumors from August 2010 to August 2018 at the Musculoskeletal Tumor Center,Peking University People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 8 males and 15 females,with the an age of (37.0±16.2) years (range:15 to 65 years).Arterial access via the Seldinger technique for REBOA was obtained in the right common femoral artery of 18 cases,and in the left of 6 cases.An arterial sheath with a diameter of 11 to 12 F(1 F≈0.33 mm) was used for the patient.The occurrence and treatment of postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: Acute femoral arterial thrombosis occurred in 18 patients,which was managed by open repair 48 hours postoperatively.Among the 349 patients admitted before 2015 who received hemostasis by compression after femoral artery sheath removal,12 patients (3.4%) developed acute femoral artery thrombosis.While the 476 patients admitted after 2015 who used a vascular stapler to close the femoral artery wound,6 patients (1.3%) developed acute femoral artery thrombosis.One case of retroperitoneal hematoma and 1 case of femoral pseudoaneurysm were found and surgically fixed.Postoperative follow-up was (40±18) months (range:13 to 108 months).Three cases with chronic lower extremity ischemia were confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography during 1 to 5 years follow-up.Two of them had minimal symptoms and denied further treatment,while the other one received femoral-femoral artery bypass surgery to restore distal flow for pain and numbness relief. Conclusions: Acute femoral arterial thrombosis was the most common femoral artery puncture.Technique refinement of REBOA,the use of percutaneous suture device and close follow-up can reduce the approach-specific complications,and help to detect and treat the complications timely,which may popularize the clinical application of REBOA.
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Shi HF, Chen L, Wang XX, Jiang H, Dong S, Zhuang Y, Wei Y, Qiao J, Ma XD, Zhao YY. [Incidence and trend of severe postpartum hemorrhage between 2016 and 2019 in China]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2021; 56:451-457. [PMID: 34304436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20210209-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence and trend of severe postpartum hemorrhage (sPPH) in China, and to provide basic data for the development and evaluation of sPPH prevention and control strategy. Methods: Obstetric data was extracted from annual national representative sampling surveys based on the National Clinical Improvement System. From 2016 to 2019, 2 978, 3 400, 4 576 and 4 594 maternity hospitals with sPPH cases were included for statistics. The annual incidence of sPPH was calculated according to province and type of medical institutions and generalized linear model was emplyed to identify the determinants affecting sPPH incidence. Results: In China, sPPH incidence increased from 0.62% in 2016 to 0.93% in 2018, and was 0.92% in 2019. Eighteen provinces had an inverted U-shaped trend of sPPH over time and most of them had the highest incidence in 2018; ten provinces had an upward trend of sPPH and 3 provinces had a U-shaped trend. In 2019, the top five provinces with the highest sPPH incidence were Yunnan (1.88%), Beijing (1.45%), Jiangsu (1.31%), Guizhou (1.26%), and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (1.22%); the top five provinces with the lowest incidence were Henan (0.55%), Jiangxi (0.60%), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (0.64%), Liaoning (0.64%) and Gansu (0.69%). In 2019, the sPPH incidence in different types of medical institutions were as follows: tertiary public general hospital (1.15%), tertiary public specialized hospital (1.02%), secondary public general hospital (0.81%), private hospital (0.61%) and secondary public specialized hospital (0.58%). sPPH incidence was positively associated with proportion of twin pregnancies, macrosomia, primipara, and puerpera aged ≥35 years in maternity hospitals (P<0.05). Conclusions: sPPH incidence generally showes an increasing trend from 2016 and is stable at a high level in recent two years in China. It is warranted to further strengthen the monitoring of postpartum hemorrhage, and improve the capability of hierarchical management and treatment in maternity institutions and regions, in order to reduce sPPH incidence and maternal mortality.
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Caragata EP, Dong S, Dong Y, Simões ML, Tikhe CV, Dimopoulos G. Prospects and Pitfalls: Next-Generation Tools to Control Mosquito-Transmitted Disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 74:455-475. [PMID: 32905752 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-011320-025557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-transmitted diseases, including malaria and dengue, are a major threat to human health around the globe, affecting millions each year. A diverse array of next-generation tools has been designed to eliminate mosquito populations or to replace them with mosquitoes that are less capable of transmitting key pathogens. Many of these new approaches have been built on recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. These initiatives have driven the development of pathogen-resistant lines, new genetics-based sexing methods, and new methods of driving desirable genetic traits into mosquito populations. Many other emerging tools involve microorganisms, including two strategies involving Wolbachia that are achieving great success in the field. At the same time, other mosquito-associated bacteria, fungi, and even viruses represent untapped sources of new mosquitocidal or antipathogen compounds. Although there are still hurdles to be overcome, the prospect that such approaches will reduce the impact of these diseases is highly encouraging.
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Li L, Zou C, Dong S, Wu ZX, Ashby CR, Chen ZS, Qiu C. Lurbinectedin for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Drugs Today (Barc) 2021; 57:377-385. [PMID: 34151904 DOI: 10.1358/dot.2021.57.6.3294559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressive, aggressive metastatic and lethal subtype of lung cancer. Unfortunately, there has been little progress regarding the development of novel treatments for SCLC. However, lurbinectedin, a transcriptional inhibitor, has emerged as a potential novel treatment for cancer. It produces antitumor efficacy by inhibiting oncogenic transcription activity, inducing the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Data from phase I/II trials indicates that lurbinectedin has significant antitumor efficacy and tolerable adverse effects in SCLC patients. Furthermore, lurbinectedin is efficacious in platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant SCLC patients and in those with SCLC relapse after second-line treatment. In 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved lurbinectedin for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic SCLC or for patients that have received platinum-based chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular profile and the preclinical and clinical studies of lurbinectedin in the treatment of SCLC patients.
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Ge J, Zhou Y, Huang M, Gao Q, Dong Y, Dong S. Effects of constant and diel cyclic temperatures on the liver and intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during seawater acclimation. BMC ZOOL 2021; 6:21. [PMID: 37170384 PMCID: PMC10127026 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-021-00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rainbow trout is an economically important fish in aquaculture and is a model species in environmental physiology. Despite earlier research on the seawater adaptability of rainbow trout at different temperature regimes, the influence on the liver and intestine in this species is still unknown. Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of constant and diel cyclic temperatures on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition in the liver and intestine of rainbow trout during seawater acclimation.
Results
At the end of growth trial 1, fish at 9 and 12.5 °C showed significantly higher ratios of unsaturated to saturated (U/S) and unsaturation index (UI) than those at 16 °C in liver and intestine phospholipids. After day 1 of seawater acclimation, the U/S, UI, and average chain length (ACL) of liver and intestinal phospholipids in fish at 16 °C significantly increased. Two weeks after seawater acclimation, the liver and intestinal PLFA composition adapted to salinity changes. In trial 2, significantly higher U/S, UI, and ACL were found in intestinal phospholipids at 13 ± 2 °C. On the first day after seawater acclimation, UI and ACL in liver phospholipids significantly increased at 13 °C, while fish at 13 ± 2 °C showed significantly decreased U/S, UI, and ACL in the intestine. At the end of growth trial 2, liver PLFA compositions were stable, whereas intestinal PLFA at 13 and 13 ± 1 °C showed significantly decreased U/S, UI, and ACL. A two-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis revealed significant effects of different constant temperatures, seawater acclimation, and their interaction on the liver and intestinal phospholipids, a significant effect of diel cyclic temperature on intestinal phospholipids, and the effects of seawater acclimation and its interaction with diel cyclic temperature on liver phospholipids.
Conclusion
Temperatures of 9 and 12.5 °C could elevate membrane fluidity and thickness in the liver and intestine of rainbow trout in freshwater, whereas no significant effects were found with diel temperature variations. After seawater acclimation, constant and diel cyclic temperatures significantly influenced the membrane fluidity and thickness of the liver and intestine. Compared with constant temperature, diel temperature variation (13 ± 2 °C) can enhance the adaptability of rainbow trout during seawater acclimation.
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Han C, Dong S, Li L, Gao Q. Efficacy of using stable isotopes coupled with chemometrics to differentiate the production method and geographical origin of farmed salmonids. Food Chem 2021; 364:130364. [PMID: 34171814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The δ2H and δ18O of 105 salmonids cultured in freshwater and seawater and from different regions were combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF) to create discrimination models. To assess the stability of the discrimination models, seasonal variation in δ2H and δ18O in salmonids cultured in different systems was studied. δ2H and δ18O were significantly different between salmonids cultured in freshwater and seawater and from different geographical origins. δ2H and δ18O of salmonids cultured in an open system were vulnerable to seasonal effects. The KNN model had 100% accuracy for identifying the production methods of salmonids and was less affected by seasonal variation. The RF model had the highest accuracy for identifying the geographical origins of salmonids with an accuracy of over 80%. Thus, δ2H and δ18O were more effective for identifying the production methods of salmonids than their geographical origins.
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Wu ZX, Li J, Dong S, Lin L, Zou C, Chen ZS. Tepotinib hydrochloride for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Drugs Today (Barc) 2021; 57:265-275. [PMID: 33851690 DOI: 10.1358/dot.2021.57.4.3238323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most devastating cancers with high mortality worldwide. By inhibiting the activity of specific molecular targets in the cancer cells, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become a standard treatment in combating NSCLC. Tepotinib hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) TKI developed mainly for selected NSCLC patients with METex14 skipping mutations. Tepotinib demonstrated durable clinical response in phase II clinical trials, which led to its approval for use in Japan and breakthrough therapy designation and accelerated approval in the U.S. These progresses highlighted tepotinib as a promising candidate for NSCLC patients. This review summarizes the pharmacological profile of tepotinib, preclinical studies and landmark clinical trials of tepotinib. In addition, we share our perspectives on the future direction of tepotinib as a novel anticancer drug.
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Dong S, Yao T, Shao ZH, Wu YT, Liu Y, Wu JH, Xue TC, Feng YL, Wang SP. [Related factors and interaction on hepatitis C virus infection in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Taiyuan]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:677-682. [PMID: 34814450 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20201028-01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, influence factors and interaction on HCV infection in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Taiyuan. Methods: Between April-June 2019, three MMT clinics in Taiyuan were selected to conduct a face-to-face questionnaire survey among MMT patients to collect the information about their socio-demographic characteristics, drug use, MMT, sexual behavior and health status. Software EpiData 3.1 was used for real-time double entry to establish the database. Software SAS 9.4 was used to analyze the data, and χ2 test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression model was used for multivariate and interaction analyses. Results: A total of 903 subjects were surveyed among MMT patients, the male to female ratio of was 7.21∶1(743∶103), and the rate of HCV infection was 12.53% (106/846). After adjusting for the confounding factors, being women (OR=1.936, 95%CI: 1.023-3.662), having sex with drug users (OR=2.073, 95%CI: 1.110-3.871) and injection drug use (OR=7.737, 95%CI: 4.614-12.973) might be the risk factors for HCV infection in patients receiving MMT. The results showed that there were multiplicative interactions among women, having sex with drug user and injection drug use on HCV infection. Conclusions: Being women, having sex with drug user and injection drug use were associated with higher risk for HCV infection in patients receiving MMT in Taiyuan. There were multiplication interactions between being women and having sex with drug user, being female and injection drug use, and having sex with drug use and injection drug use on HCV infection.
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Ge J, Huang M, Zhou Y, Liu C, Han C, Gao Q, Dong Y, Dong S. Effects of different temperatures on seawater acclimation in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: osmoregulation and branchial phospholipid fatty acid composition. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:669-679. [PMID: 33818627 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different temperatures on seawater acclimation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in terms of growth performance, osmoregulatory capacity, and branchial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. The fish (initial weight, 94.73 g) were reared at 9, 12.5, and 16 °C for 28 days, then acclimated to seawater, and subsequently reared for 14 days. Sampling points were on the last day in freshwater, and the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 14th days after the salinity reached 30. The results showed the final weight, percent weight gain, and specific growth rate of rainbow trout at 12.5 °C were significantly higher than those at 9 °C, while the thermal growth coefficient at 16 °C was significantly lower than that in other treatments. The branchial PLFA composition in rainbow trout changed more rapidly at 9 and 12.5 °C than at 16 °C. The branchial PLFA composition was significantly affected by temperature and salinity and their interaction. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of phospholipids in the gill at 9 and 12.5 °C was significantly higher than those at 16 °C. Low temperature (9 °C) and seawater acclimation significantly increased the degree of unsaturation of membrane, enhancing membrane fluidity, which is related to Na+-K+ ATPase activity. Responses of plasma ion, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and plasma glucose followed a similar pattern at different temperatures. Overall, the study suggests that 12.5 °C is the ideal temperature for seawater acclimation in rainbow trout.
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Jiang X, Dong S, Liu R, Huang M, Dong K, Ge J, Gao Q, Zhou Y. Effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and their interaction on the growth performance and condition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102928. [PMID: 34016351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The individual effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an important aquaculture species, are clearly established; however, little is known about the interactive effects of these parameters. In this study, the effects of temperature, DO, and their interaction on the growth, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme activity, serum biochemical parameters, and liver IGF-1 expression in rainbow trout were evaluated. Fish (initial weight, 109.98 ± 3.28 g) were reared in a recirculating system for 4 weeks and subjected to 6 treatments at three temperatures (13 °C, 17 °C, and 21 °C) and two DO contents (4.2 mg L-1 and 9.6 mg L-1). Physiological parameters were determined at the end of the trial. Specific growth rate and feed consumption were the highest at 17 °C and the lowest at 21 °C. Additionally, lysozyme, trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities, serum glucose and serum triglyceride contents, and IGF-1 expression decreased significantly at 21 °C and total serum protein and albumin contents were significantly higher at 21 °C than at 13 °C and 17 °C, indicating that high temperature impaired the immunity, digestion, and growth of rainbow trout. However, the adverse effects of high temperature can be alleviated by a high DO content, as evidenced by the smaller increments and decrements of these parameters under hyperoxic conditions than under hypoxic conditions. In response to high temperature stress, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity led to the removal of oxygen free radicals under hyperoxic conditions; however, this increase was inhibited under hypoxia. Our results indicated that high temperatures have adverse effects on rainbow trout, and these harmful effects can be reduced by a high DO content.
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Dong S, Zhang T, Wu T, Zhang L, Sun H, Dong W, Wang H. Drug utilization of paliperidone in adolescent schizophrenia patients: A retrospective cohort study in China. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9476006 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In China, the indications of paliperidone extended in schizophrenia adolescents (12-17 years) was approved by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in 2017. But, the utilization of paliperidone in this group needs to be further investigated. Objectives To assess paliperidone utilization in schizophrenia adolescents. Methods The study employed the electronic medical records (EMRs) database from a psychiatry specialized hospital (PH) and a general hospital (GH), respectively. General information, including birth date, gender, visit date, diagnosis (inpatient and outpatient) with ICD-10 coding, drug characterize, prescription date and dosage, was de-identified and standardized for analysis. Schizophrenia adolescents (ICD-10: F20.x) received at least one prescription of paliperidone between 2018 and 2019 were included in this study. Index date was defined as the date of first identified paliperidone prescription. The patients were followed up until the end of 2019 with the last record, or upon reaching 18 years. The database was analyzed based on days of supply, administration frequency, and daily dose. Results Overall, 112 and 117 eligible patients were included in the present study from PH and GH, respectively. The median drug supply was 179.0 days and 44.0 days, respectively, during which median number of prescriptions patients received was 6.0 and 3.0. Paliperidone was mostly initiated alone (57.1% and 88.9%) with frequency of once daily (97.3% and 88.9%), and the median of average daily dose during follow-up was 5.7 mg/day and 6.0 mg/day, respectively. Conclusions The duration of paliperidone usage was very different in two hospitals, but the dosages in both hospitals were generally agreed with prescribing information.
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Zhang J, Dong S, Zhu Q, Zhao G, Li P, Zhou Q, Yang J, Zhang X, Guan Y, Xia X, Yang X, Zhong W, Wu Y. P59.03 Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Clonal Evolution in Large Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (>7cm) Delineated by Multiregion Sequencing. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Fu R, Chu X, Wen Z, Gong Y, Jiang B, Liao R, Dong S, Nie Q, Chen R, Xia X, Yang X, Zhong W, Wu Y. P56.01 Postoperative ctDNA Positive Presents the High-risk of Recurrence in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tang W, Wu M, Bao H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Su J, Lin J, Xu F, Chen J, Fu R, Chen Y, Wu T, Wu X, Shao Y, Dong S, Nie Q, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhong W. MA13.09 Heterogeneous Genomic Evolution and Immune Microenvironments in Metastatic Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dong S, Wang Q, Kao YR, Diaz A, Tasset I, Kaushik S, Thiruthuvanathan V, Zintiridou A, Nieves E, Dzieciatkowska M, Reisz JA, Gavathiotis E, D’Alessandro A, Will B, Cuervo AM. Chaperone-mediated autophagy sustains haematopoietic stem-cell function. Nature 2021; 591:117-123. [PMID: 33442062 PMCID: PMC8428053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The activation of mostly quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a prerequisite for life-long production of blood cells1. This process requires major molecular adaptations to allow HSCs to meet the regulatory and metabolic requirements for cell division2-4. The mechanisms that govern cellular reprograming upon stem-cell activation, and the subsequent return of stem cells to quiescence, have not been fully characterized. Here we show that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)5, a selective form of lysosomal protein degradation, is involved in sustaining HSC function in adult mice. CMA is required for protein quality control in stem cells and for the upregulation of fatty acid metabolism upon HSC activation. We find that CMA activity in HSCs decreases with age and show that genetic or pharmacological activation of CMA can restore the functionality of old mouse and human HSCs. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insights into a role for CMA in sustaining quality control, appropriate energetics and overall long-term HSC function. Our work suggests that CMA may be a promising therapeutic target for enhancing HSC function in conditions such as ageing or stem-cell transplantation.
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Ge J, Huang M, Zhou Y, Deng Q, Liu R, Gao Q, Dong Y, Dong S. Effects of seawater acclimation at constant and diel cyclic temperatures on growth, osmoregulation and branchial phospholipid fatty acid composition in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:313-325. [PMID: 33575866 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of seawater acclimation at constant and diel temperatures on the growth, osmoregulation, and branchial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish (initial weight, 62.28 ± 0.41 g) were reared at a constant 13.0 °C (CT) or with a diel cycle of either 13.0 ± 1.0 °C (VT2) or 13.0 ± 2.0 °C (VT4) for 6 weeks, and subsequently subjected to seawater acclimation. Diel temperature variations (of up to 4 °C) did not affect the growth rate of rainbow trout maintained in freshwater, but alleviated the impairment on the growth after seawater challenge. Under all temperature conditions, rainbow trout were well prepared to seawater acclimation. The diel cyclic temperature resulted in fish with reduced fluctuations in plasma electrolyte levels, branchial Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and plasma osmolality. In freshwater, the sum of the monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in the VT4 relative to CT and VT2 treatment. Conversely, the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower in the VT4 fish. After seawater transfer, the branchial PLFA profiles of the fish significantly changed, but those in CT and VT2 did not recover afterwards (the degree of unsaturation was downregulated). The PLFA composition of fish in the VT4 treatment appeared to be steadier under seawater acclimation. This study suggests that a diel cyclic temperature (13.0 ± 2.0 °C) can alleviate the impairment of growth, enhance osmoregulation capability, and improve the stability of the branchial PLFA composition in rainbow trout after seawater acclimation.
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Han C, Dong S, Li L, Gao Q, Zhou Y. Assessment of phospholipid fatty acid profiles for discrimination of salmonids cultured in freshwater and seawater. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li S, Chen S, Xie X, Dong S, Li X. Identification of Wild-Type CYP321A2 and Comparison of Allelochemical-Induced Expression Profiles of CYP321A2 with Its Paralog CYP321A1 in Helicoverpa zea. INSECTS 2021; 12:75. [PMID: 33467534 PMCID: PMC7830528 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One possible way to overcome the diversity of toxic plant allelochemicals idiosyncratically distributed among potential host plants is to have more counterdefense genes via gene duplication or fewer gene losses. Cytochrome P450 is the most important gene family responsible for detoxification of the diversity of plant allelochemicals. We have recently reported the identification and cloning of the transposon (HzSINE1)-disrupted non-functional CYP321A2, a duplicated paralog of the xenobiotic-metabolizing P450 CYP321A1 from a laboratory colony of Helicoverpa zea. Here we report the identification of the wild-type intact allele of CYP321A2 from another H. zea colony. This CYP321A2 allele encodes a deduced protein of 498 amino acids and has the P450 signature motifs. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that this CYP321A2 allele was highly expressed in midgut and fat body and achieved the highest expression level in the developmental stage of 5th and 3rd instar larvae. CYP321A2 and CYP321A1 were constitutively expressed in low levels but can be differentially and significantly induced by a range of the plant allelochemicals and plant signal molecules, among which xanthotoxin, flavone, and coumarin were the most prominent inducers of CYP321A2 both in midgut and fat body, whereas flavone, coumarin, and indole-3-carbinol were the prominent inducers of CYP321A1 in midgut and fat body. Moreover, xanthotoxin- and flavone-responsive regulatory elements of CYP321A1 were also detected in the promoter region of CYP321A2. Our results enrich the P450 inventory by identifying an allelochemical broadly induced CYP321A2, a paralog of CYP321A1 in H. zea. Our data also suggest that the CYP321A2/CYP321A1 paralogs are a pair of duplicated genes of multigene families and CYP321A2 could potentially be involved in the detoxification of plant allelochemicals and adaptation of H. zea to its chemical environment.
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Maklar J, Dong S, Beaulieu S, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Windsor YW, Xian RP, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. A quantitative comparison of time-of-flight momentum microscopes and hemispherical analyzers for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123112. [PMID: 33379994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight-based momentum microscopy has a growing presence in photoemission studies, as it enables parallel energy- and momentum-resolved acquisition of the full photoelectron distribution. Here, we report table-top extreme ultraviolet time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) featuring both a hemispherical analyzer and a momentum microscope within the same setup. We present a systematic comparison of the two detection schemes and quantify experimentally relevant parameters, including pump- and probe-induced space-charge effects, detection efficiency, photoelectron count rates, and depth of focus. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both instruments based on exemplary trARPES measurements of bulk WSe2. Our analysis demonstrates the complementary nature of the two spectrometers for time-resolved ARPES experiments. Their combination in a single experimental apparatus allows us to address a broad range of scientific questions with trARPES.
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Beaulieu S, Schusser J, Dong S, Schüler M, Pincelli T, Dendzik M, Maklar J, Neef A, Ebert H, Hricovini K, Wolf M, Braun J, Rettig L, Minár J, Ernstorfer R. Revealing Hidden Orbital Pseudospin Texture with Time-Reversal Dichroism in Photoelectron Angular Distributions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:216404. [PMID: 33274965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.216404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of bulk 2H-WSe_{2} for different crystal orientations linked to each other by time-reversal symmetry. We introduce a new observable called time-reversal dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions (TRDAD), which quantifies the modulation of the photoemission intensity upon effective time-reversal operation. We demonstrate that the hidden orbital pseudospin texture leaves its imprint on TRDAD, due to multiple orbital interference effects in photoemission. Our experimental results are in quantitative agreement with both the tight-binding model and state-of-the-art fully relativistic calculations performed using the one-step model of photoemission. While spin-resolved ARPES probes the spin component of entangled spin-orbital texture in multiorbital systems, we unambiguously demonstrate that TRDAD reveals its orbital pseudospin texture counterpart.
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Wang D, Li J, Zhu G, Zhao K, Jiang W, Li H, Wang W, Kumar V, Dong S, Zhu W, Tian X. Mechanism of the Potential Therapeutic Candidate Bacillus subtilis BSXE-1601 Against Shrimp Pathogenic Vibrios and Multifunctional Metabolites Biosynthetic Capability of the Strain as Predicted by Genome Analysis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581802. [PMID: 33193216 PMCID: PMC7649127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The global shrimp industry has suffered bacterial diseases caused mainly by Vibrio species. The typical vibriosis, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), has resulted in mass mortality and devastating economic losses. Thus, therapeutic strategies are highly needed to decrease the risk of vibriosis outbreaks. Herein, we initially identified that the growth of the causative agent of AHPND, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP AHPND ) and other vibrios in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was inhibited by a Bacillus subtilis strain BSXE-1601. The natural products amicoumacins A, B, and C were purified from the cell-free supernatant from the strain BSXE-1601, but only amicoumacin A was demonstrated to be responsible for this anti-Vibrio activity. Our discovery provided the first evidence that amicoumacin A was highly active against shrimp pathogens, including the representative strain VP AHPND . Furthermore, we elucidated the amicoumacin A biosynthetic gene cluster by whole genome sequencing of the B. subtilis strain BSXE-1601. In addition to amicoumacin A, the strain BSXE-1601 genome harbored other genes encoding bacillibactin, fengycin, surfactin, bacilysin, and subtilosin A, all of which have previously reported antagonistic activities against pathogenic strains. The whole-genome analysis provided unequivocal evidence in support of the huge potential of the strain BSXE-1601 to produce diverse biologically antagonistic natural products, which may facilitate further studies on the effective therapeutics for detrimental diseases in shrimp.
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Huang Q, Hu S, Ran FM, Liang TJ, Wang HX, Chen CC, Zhang J, Ou WL, Dong S, Cai Q, Luo CG, Qian Y. Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in patients with cancer at a cancer-specialized hospital in Wuhan, China - Preliminary results. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:9760-9764. [PMID: 33015823 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with cancer are usually immunosuppressive and susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are infective and cannot be identified by symptom-based screening. There is an urgent need to control virus spread by asymptomatic carriers at cancer centres. We aim to describe the characteristics, screening methods, and outcomes of cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and to further explore anti-tumour treatment for this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed patients with cancer who were admitted to Hubei Cancer Hospital in Wuhan from February 1, 2020, to April 4, 2020. We collected demographic data, laboratory findings, treatment information, nucleic acid and serum test results, chest computed tomography (CT) information and survival status of cancer patients diagnosed with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. RESULTS A total of 16 cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection were confirmed. The most common cancer type was breast cancer. The blood cell counts of most patients were in the normal range. Lymphocytes of 100% of asymptomatic carriers were in the normal range. Thirteen (81.3%) patients were positive for virus-specific IgM antibodies, and three (18.8%) were positive by PCR; only one (6.3%) patient showed novel coronavirus pneumonia features on CT. Three (18.3%) patients died, and the cause of death was considered malignancy caused by delaying anti-tumour treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the lymphocytes of 100% of asymptomatic carriers were in the normal range. This result indicates that the host immunity of asymptomatic carriers is not significantly disrupted by COVID-19. Single PCR detection is not sufficient to screen among asymptomatic individuals, and a combination of PCR tests, serological tests and CT is of great importance. Unless the tumour is life-threatening or rapidly progressing, we advise restarting active anti-tumour therapy after PCR tests become negative.
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Okpechi S, Dong S, Yousefi H, Harman J, Nguyen T, Guidry J, Alahari S. Small molecule compound induces cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis in an in-vitro model of triple negative breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kersalé M, Meinen CS, Perez RC, Le Hénaff M, Valla D, Lamont T, Sato OT, Dong S, Terre T, van Caspel M, Chidichimo MP, van den Berg M, Speich S, Piola AR, Campos EJD, Ansorge I, Volkov DL, Lumpkin R, Garzoli SL. Highly variable upper and abyssal overturning cells in the South Atlantic. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba7573. [PMID: 32821826 PMCID: PMC7406378 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is a primary mechanism driving oceanic heat redistribution on Earth, thereby affecting Earth's climate and weather. However, the full-depth structure and variability of the MOC are still poorly understood, particularly in the South Atlantic. This study presents unique multiyear records of the oceanic volume transport of both the upper (<~3100 meters) and abyssal (>~3100 meters) overturning cells based on daily moored measurements in the South Atlantic at 34.5°S. The vertical structure of the time-mean flows is consistent with the limited historical observations. Both the upper and abyssal cells exhibit a high degree of variability relative to the temporal means at time scales, ranging from a few days to a few weeks. Observed variations in the abyssal flow appear to be largely independent of the flow in the overlying upper cell. No meaningful trends are detected in either cell.
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