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Once-daily S/GSK1349572 combination therapy in antiretroviral-naïve adults: rapid and potent 24-week antiviral responses in SPRING-1 (ING112276). J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112866 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-o50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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52
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Novel monitoring technique to minimise the risk for patients participating in pilot studies of investigational compounds. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3113014 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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53
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Prognostic significance of S100A4 expression in biliary tract cancers. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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272 Oncologic safety and QoL of immediate latissimus dorsi myocutanous flap. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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55
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Activity of the integrase inhibitor S/GSK1349572 in subjects with HIV exhibiting raltegravir resistance: week 24 results of the VIKING study (ING112961). J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112867 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-o51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Prognostic Factors for Locoregional Recurrence in Operable Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Preoperative Systemic Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic factors affecting locoregional recurrence (LRR) in potentially operable breast cancer patients receiving preoperative systemic chemotherapy (PST).Methods: We reviewed the records of 316 breast cancer patients treated with PST (doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, 101; docetaxel /capecitabine, 103; paclitaxel/gemcitabine, 43; doxorubicin/docetaxel, 69) followed by surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy between 2002 and 2006. The majority of patients had clinical positive axillary lymph nodes. To define the prognostic factors for LRR, age, clinical stage, hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status, clinical and pathologic response, type of operation, pathological characteristics including tumor size, tumor grade, nodal status, number of positive axillary nodes, size of metastatic lymph node and status of resection margin and tumor multiplicity before and after PST were analyzed.Results: Overall 52 patients (16.5%) in the primary tumor and 87 patients (27.5%) in the axillary nodes achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR), and 206 patients (65.2%) underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS). With a median follow-up of 52.4 month (range: 4.7 - 89.4), total 18 (5.7%) patients developed LRR; 2 of 110 (1.8%) patients with mastectomy vs. 16 of 206 (7.7%) patients with BCS (p=0.04). Other significant factors in the univariate analysis were clinical T stage, HR status, clinical response and tumor multiplicity. A pCR in the primary tumor or node was not a prognostic factor for LRR in this study. In multivariate analysis, clinical T stage (T3/4, HR 7.8; 95% CI, 2.33-26.24; P=0.001), hormone receptor status (negative, HR 6.2; 95% CI, 1.91-20.22; P=0.002) and type of surgery (BCS, HR 9.5; 95% CI, 1.97-46.37; P=0.005) were independent prognostic factors. Among patients with BCS, advanced clinical T stage (HR 12.4; 95% CI, 3.45-44.56; P<0.001), negative hormone receptor (HR 4.74; 95% CI, 1.33-16.96; P=0.02), non-responding disease (HR 6.54; 95% CI, 1.07-40.12; P=0.04) and multiple tumors (HR 4.36; 95% CI, 1.06-17.90; P=0.04) developed more frequent LRR.Conclusions: Significantly more patients with advanced clinical T stage, negative HR status and BCS developed LRR in operable breast cancer treated with PST. Moreover, in patients with BCS after PST, clinically non-responding disease and multiple tumors showed unfavorable prognosis besides the larger tumors and negative hormone receptor.Partly supported by NCC Grant No 0610240
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1095.
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Prognosis of Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Poorer Than the Rest of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The biologic behavior of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) has not been well elucidated due to its rarity and heterogeneity. This study was designed to assess the clinical and tumor characteristics and outcomes of MBC patients as compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in general and the triple-negative (TN) subtype.Materials and methods: This study included 35 MBC and 2,839 IDC patients diagnosed at the National Cancer Center, Korea between 2000 and 2008. We, retrospectively, reviewed the clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes.Results: The mean age was 47.4 years for MBC group and 48.3 years for IDC group. The MBC group presented with larger tumors (≥ T2, 78.8% vs 41.0%; P<0.001), higher histologic grade (grade 3, 92.0% vs 44.6%; P<0.001), fewer ER and PgR positivity (ER+, 14.3% vs 69.0% ; P<0.001 and PgR+, 25.7% vs 66.1%; P<0.001), higher Ki-67 expression (35.5%±26.2% vs 20.6% ±19.8%; P=0.024) and more TN subtypes (48.6% vs 11.9%; P<0.001) than IDC group. Excluding de novo stage IV patients, 14 of 32 (43.7%) MBC patients and 260 of 2782 (9.4%) IDC patents developed disease recurrence with a median follow-up of 36.2 months (range, 4.9-117.8 months). MBC was a poor prognostic factor for disease recurrence in univariate and multivariate analysis (HR 5.19; 95% CI, 2.04-13.18; P=0.001). MBC patients demonstrated aggressive pathologic features and experienced more disease recurrence (HR 4.77; 95% CI, 1.99-11.44; P=0.001) even when compared with 330 patients with TN subtype.Conclusions:Patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma appeared to have inherent aggressive tumor biology with poorer clinical outcomes than those with IDC in general and TN subtype.Partly supported by NCC Grant No 0610240
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4057.
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Abstract
Inadvertent hypothermia is common during spinal anaesthesia. This study was based on the hypothesis that phenylephrine might attenuate core hypothermia by inhibiting core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat during spinal anaesthesia. In this prospective randomized study, 20 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either normal saline (control group) or continuously-infused phenylephrine 0.5 μg/kg per min (phenylephrine group). Core temperature, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored. Mean ± SE core temperature at the end of surgery was significantly higher in the phenylephrine-treated group compared with the control group (35.9 ± 0.1 °C versus 35.0 ± 0.1 °C, respectively), although there was no significant difference in baseline core temperature (both groups 36.3 ± 0.1 °C). Mean HR and MAP were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, continuously-infused phenylephrine attenuated core hypothermia during spinal anaesthesia without any haemodynamic complications.
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Efficacy of emergent percutaneous cardiopulmonary support in cardiac or respiratory failure: fight or flight? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 9:269-73. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2008.194860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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60
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0236 Clinicopathologic features of microinvasive cancer compared with DCIS. Breast 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(09)70253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Coating of peanuts with edible whey protein film containing alpha-tocopherol and ascorbyl palmitate. J Food Sci 2009; 73:E349-55. [PMID: 19019105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) coating solution incorporating ascorbic palmitate (AP) and alpha-tocopherol (tocopherol) were characterized, and the antioxidant activity of dried WPI coatings against lipid oxidation in roasted peanuts were investigated. The AP and tocopherol were mixed into a 10% (w/w) WPI solution containing 6.7% glycerol. Process 1 (P1) blended an AP and tocopherol mixture directly into the WPI solution using a high-speed homogenizer. Process 2 (P2) used ethanol as a solvent for dissolving AP and tocopherol into the WPI solution. The viscosity and turbidity of the WPI coating solution showed the Newtonian fluid behavior, and 0.25% of critical concentration of AP in WPI solution rheology. After peanuts were coated with WPI solutions, color changes of peanuts were measured during 16 wk of storage at 25 degrees C, and the oxidation of peanuts was determined by hexanal analysis using solid-phase micro-extraction samplers and GC-MS. Regardless of the presence of antioxidants in the coating layer, the formation of hexanal from the oxidation of peanut lipids was reduced by WPI coatings, which indicates WPI coatings protected the peanuts from oxygen permeation and oxidation. However, the incorporation of antioxidants in the WPI coating layer did not show a significant difference in hexanal production from that of WPI coating treatment without incorporation of antioxidants.
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189 Caffeine markedly sensitizes human mesothelioma cell lines to pemetrexed-induced cell death. Lung Cancer 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(07)70265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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63
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Dynamic Head Space Analyses of Orange Juice Flavor Compounds and Their Absorption into Packaging Materials. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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64
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65
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Effect of Soybean Varieties and Growing Locations on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soymilk and Tofu. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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69
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Changes of Volatile Compounds, Lactic Acid Bacteria, pH, and Headspace Gases in Kimchi, a Traditional Korean Fermented Vegetable Product. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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73
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Abstract
Four families with a history of esophageal cancer were studied and their family trees analyzed. All the families had lived in Chaoshan for about 20 generations, speak Chanshan dialect, and generally have a predilection for drinking scalding Gong Fu tea and eating pickled Chinese cabbage. The majority of the esophageal cancer patients of the first generation were diagnosed 40 or 50 years ago after presenting with the typical symptom of dysphagia, whereas patients of the second and third generations were diagnosed mainly by means of radiography and pathology. The ratio of male to female patients was 14:5, which corresponds to that in the general population. The average age at occurrence of esophageal carcinoma in the patients studied was lower than in the general population and had progressively decreased from generation to generation.
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The differential effect of injecting estradiol-17beta, testosterone, and hydrocortisone during the immune adaptive period on the fertility of female mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2001; 46:288-97. [PMID: 11642678 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Female mice injected with estradiol-17beta (E2) and testosterone during the immune adaptive period are infertile as adults. Study 1 examined the effect of the day of injection of E2 and testosterone on the incidence of infertility in two strains of mice. Study 2 examined the effect of hydrocortisone on E2-induced infertility. METHOD OF STUDY Study 1: Neonatal (C57BL/6J x A/J)F1 B6A and (C3H/HeJ x 129J)F1 C31 female mice were injected from 0 to 3 and from 3 to 6 days of age with either 20 microg E2 or 20 microg testosterone. Animals were tested for fertility by mating with fertile males. Study 2: Neonatal B6A females were injected with 20 microg E2 with/without 1000 microg hydrocortisone on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. At adulthood, ovaries were examined for the presence of corpora lutea (CLs). RESULTS Study 1: The incidence of E2-induced infertility in adult B6A and C31 females decreased over three consecutive matings. In contrast, the incidence of testosterone-induced infertility in adult B6A and C31 females increased. E2 caused the highest incidence of infertility in C31 females when injected prior to 3 days of age. In B6A mice, E2 caused the highest incidence of infertility when injected after 3 days of age. Study 2: When hydrocortisone was injected with E2, 90% of the B6A females had ovaries with CLs at 100 days of age. Without hydrocortisone, only 16% of the B6A females injected with E2 had ovaries with CLs. CONCLUSION Study 1: The incidence of infertility caused by injections of E2 is dependent on the strain of mice and the day(s) injected. The incidence of infertility caused by injections of testosterone is independent of the strain of mice. Study 2: Hydrocortisone prevents E2-induced infertility. It is proposed that injections of E2 during the immune adaptive period alter T-cell maturation, which contributes to E2-induced infertility.
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Characterization of euploid backcross progenies derived from interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. eichingeri by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Genome 2001; 44:86-95. [PMID: 11269361 DOI: 10.1139/gen-44-1-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and GISH (genomic in situ hybridization) were performed on euploid plants derived from crosses between Oryza sativa (2n = 24, AA) and two brown planthopper-resistant accessions of O. eichingeri (2n = 24, CC). After screening with 164 RFLP markers, 60 of the 67 euploid plants were identified as introgression lines, each carrying 1-6 small O. eichingeri segments integrated on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, or 10. In the somatic chromosome preparations of F1 hybrid, O. eichingeri chromosomes, fluorescing greenish-yellow in the sequential GISH, appeared to be longer and to contain more heterochromatin than O. sativa ones, and this karyotypic polymorphism can be used to detect some introgressed O. eichingeri segments in euploid plants. In addition, GISH identification presented direct evidence for the transfer of small segments from O. eichingeri to O. sativa chromosome(s) which were subsequently recognized according to their condensation pattern, arm ratio, and chromosome length. The present results would contribute to the molecular mapping and selection of O. eichingeri--derived brown planthopper-resistant gene and positive yield QTLs.
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[Information technology of modern NIR spectral analysis]. GUANG PU XUE YU GUANG PU FEN XI = GUANG PU 2000; 20:777-780. [PMID: 12938466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The main points, flowdiagram and the levels of optimization and building models of modern NIRS analysis are described in this paper. The strategy of how to apply and develop the technology of Near-Infrared spectroscopy analysis in our country is also described. In order to develop the technology of NIRS, the Industrialization and Democratization should combined.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-12 in patients with RA. IL-12 (p70) and its associated cytokines were measured in sera and synovial fluid (SF) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. Seven American College of Rheumatology (ACR) core set measures as well as IL-12 levels were sequentially monitored at the commencement and 4 months after treatment with a low-dose steroid and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In sera, 64 (42.2%) of 152 RA patients had detectable concentrations of IL-12 (p70), whereas one (1.4%) of 69 osteoarthritis (OA) patients and five (10%) of 50 healthy controls had detectable IL-12 (P < 0.001). The median level of circulating IL-12 was also higher in RA patients (P < 0.001). In SF, the number of patients with detectable IL-12 and the median IL-12 levels were significantly higher in RA patients (n = 53) than in OA patients (n = 22). In paired samples (n = 53) of sera and SF from RA patients, IL-12 levels were higher in the SF than in sera (P < 0.001). Patients with detectable IL-12 (n = 51) in sera had higher tender joint scores (P = 0.003), swollen joint scores (P < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP; P = 0.036), than those without (n = 55). Four months after treatment with DMARDs, the improved group showed a larger IL-12 decrease than the non-improved group (P = 0.017). The levels of IL-12 correlated positively with those of IL-2, interferon-gamma, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, but were correlated inversely with those of IL-10. Our results demonstrate that IL-12 levels reflect RA disease activity and that IL-12 is involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. An IL-12 blockade could be useful for the treatment of RA.
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B-myb proto-oncogene products interact in vivo with each other via the carboxy-terminal conserved region. FEBS Lett 1999; 460:363-8. [PMID: 10544265 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vivo binding assay, we investigated whether B-myb oncogene products (B-myb) can associate with each other. Specificity tests of the yeast two-hybrid system showed a self-association of B-myb proteins in yeast. Cotransfection experiments demonstrated that B-myb proteins form a complex in vivo. Deletion analysis revealed that this binding was sufficiently mediated by the carboxy-terminal conserved region of B-myb. In addition, the B-myb self-association is directly dependent on the amount of expressed B-myb in cells and slightly increased by the dephosphorylation state. These results suggested that B-myb could form a complex and influence its transcriptional activity.
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Abstract
The Mediator complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for both general and regulated transcription of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and is composed of two stable subcomplexes (Srb4 and Rgr1 subcomplexes). To decipher the function of each Mediator subcomplex and to delineate the functional relationship between the subcomplexes, we characterized the compositions and biochemical activities of PolII-Mediator complexes (holoenzymes) prepared from several Mediator mutant strains of S. cerevisiae. We found that holoenzymes devoid of a functional Gal11 module were defective for activated but not basal transcription in a reconstituted in vitro system. This activation-specific defect was correlated with a crippled physical interaction to transcriptional activator proteins, which could be bypassed by artificial recruitment of a mutant holoenzyme to a promoter. Consistent with this observation, a direct interaction between Gal11 and gene-specific transcriptional activator proteins was detected by far-Western analyses and column binding assays. In contrast, the srb5 deletion mutant holoenzyme was defective for both basal and activated transcription, despite its capacity for activator binding that is comparable to that of the wild-type holoenzyme. These results demonstrate that the Gal11 module of the Rgr1 subcomplex is required for the efficient recruitment of PolII holoenzyme to a promoter via activator-specific interactions, while the Srb4 subcomplex functions in the modulation of general polymerase activity.
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A transcriptional mediator protein that is required for activation of many RNA polymerase II promoters and is conserved from yeast to humans. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:4622-32. [PMID: 9234719 PMCID: PMC232315 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.8.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A temperature-sensitive mutation was obtained in Med6p, a component of the mediator complex from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mediator complex has been shown to enable transcriptional activation in vitro. This mutation in Med6p abolished activation of transcription from four of five inducible promoters tested in vivo. There was no effect, however, on uninduced transcription, transcription of constitutively expressed genes, or transcription by RNA polymerases I and III. Mediator-RNA polymerase II complex isolated from the mutant yeast strain was temperature sensitive for transcriptional activation in a reconstituted in vitro system due to a defect in initiation complex formation. A database search revealed the existence of MED6-related genes in humans and Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that the role of mediator in transcriptional activation is conserved throughout the evolution.
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Abstract
The influence of cigarette yield and length of smoking experience on smoking behaviour and biomarker levels was sought in 108 smokers who have never changed cigarette class. Smoking parameters carboxyhaemoglobin percentage (COHb), urinary nicotine, and its metabolites, mutagens, and thioethers were measured. Cigarette yield does not affect daily consumption or smoke volume puffed per cigarette. But the inhalation depth increases with decreasing cigarette yield and with length of smoking habit. The COHb level after the first cigarette in the morning increases significantly with CO cigarette yield and length of smoking experience. In the evening, only the cigarette yield has an effect on COHb level. Biomarker levels excreted in urine are generally lower for females than for males. They tend to increase with smoking history. Only COHb level and total urinary nicotine metabolites (Barlow index) are weakly correlated with cigarette yield. The absence of significant differences due to cigarette class in urinary biomarkers can be explained by changes in inhalation depth, individual differences of metabolism, and limited specificity of some markers (mutagens, thioethers).
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Structure-mutagenicity relationships in series of 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-1,4-diones, tetrahydro-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-1,4-diones and 11H-pyrido[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline-1,4-diones with leukemia cytotoxic properties. Relations with topoisomerase I inhibiting properties. Mutat Res 1994; 311:149-56. [PMID: 7526168 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(94)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Six heterocyclic quinones with topoisomerase I inhibiting properties and cytotoxic activities on L1210 leukemia cells were studied for their mutagenicity in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The tested compounds are 3-methoxyindolo[3,2-c]quinoline-1,4-diones and their derivatives in which the common pyrroloquinoline nucleus is annelated either with a benzene or a cyclohexane on a pyridine ring. Almost all quinones were found to be direct-acting mutagens at different levels in all strains, mainly TA97a and TA98. Relations were established between their structure and their mutagenic activities. The mutagenicity was found to be influenced (i) by the nature of the fourth nucleus: the pyridinic compounds were the most active, the non-aromatic ones were practically inactive; (ii) by the presence of a methyl group in the 6-position that decreased the mutagenicity. Then, the mutagenic properties were compared with the topoisomerase I inhibiting property that is one of the possible mechanisms of action for these cytotoxic quinones. The results indicated a correlation between mutagenicity and enzyme inhibiting properties.
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The transcription activation domains of v-Myc and VP16 interact with common factors required for cellular transformation and proliferation. CELL GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION : THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH 1994; 5:563-73. [PMID: 8086335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The amino terminus of the avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29 v-Myc oncoprotein contains sequences that are essential for cellular transformation (S. Farina, et al. J. Virol., 66: 2698-2708, 1992; S. Min and E. J. Taparowsky. Oncogene, 7:1531-1540, 1992) and for the ability to activate gene transcription (S. Min and E. J. Taparowsky. Oncogene, 7:1531-1540, 1992). To investigate the molecular interactions that mediate these v-Myc-associated activities, we performed competition assays in which various regions of the v-Myc amino terminal transcription activation domain (TAD) were examined for their ability to inhibit transcription activation by v-Myc, VP16, and the myogenic regulatory factor MyoD. Overexpression of these transcriptional activators also was used to investigate whether Myc-interacting proteins were required for cellular transformation and cell proliferation events. Our results demonstrate that at least two distinct cellular activities interact with the v-Myc TAD and that it is the synergism between these activities that is required for v-Myc to function fully as a transcriptional activator. In addition, v-Myc activators squelch VP16- and MyoD-dependent transcription activation, suggesting that the v-Myc TAD interacts with a component of the general transcription machinery. In support of this observation, we found that overexpression of the v-Myc TAD inhibits ras-mediated cellular transformation as well as cell proliferation, underscoring the critical role these amino terminal Myc-interacting factors play in regulating the physiology of both normal and transformed cells.
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Functional analysis of the carboxy-terminal transforming region of v-Myc: binding to Max is necessary, but not sufficient, for cellular transformation. Oncogene 1993; 8:2691-701. [PMID: 8378081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism by which the Myc protein contributes to cell growth and development, our laboratory is studying functions of the avian myelocytomatosis virus 29 (MC29) Gag-Myc protein (v-Myc) in the mouse fibroblast cell line C3H10T1/2. Previously, we identified two specific regions in v-Myc which are required for co-transformation with activated H-ras. One maps to the amino-terminal portion of v-Myc (amino acids 1-137) and has the potential to activate transcription of a basal promoter. The second region spans the carboxy-terminal region of v-Myc (amino acids 244-410), contains a basic/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper motif and specifies the nuclear location of the protein. In this study, we have generated a series of deletion mutations within the MC29 gag-myc gene to define precisely the carboxy-terminal transforming region using the co-transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells as an assay. v-Myc proteins encoded by selected deletion mutations were also examined for their intracellular location, the ability to interact with the Max protein and the potential to bind specifically to DNA. Our results demonstrate that integrity of both the basic/helix-loop-helix and the leucine zipper motifs of v-Myc is required for co-transforming activity, but that the major nuclear localization signal sequence of v-Myc can be deleted without compromising the ability of v-Myc to cooperate with activated H-Ras p21 to transform C3H10T1/2 cells. In addition, while the binding of v-Myc to Max is necessary for ras/myc co-transformation, it is not sufficient, and also requires the integrity of Myc sequences specifying site-specific DNA binding.
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Determination of urinary 3-methylhistidine by high-performance liquid chromatography with o-phthaldialdehyde precolumn derivatization. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1992; 581:272-6. [PMID: 1452618 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80281-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method to measure the concentration of 3-methylhistidine in human urine with o-phthaldialdehyde precolumn derivatization is described. A clear separation of the 3-methylhistidine derivative from other derivatives in urine was achieved within 25 min. The linearity, recovery and coefficients of variation were determined. The method was successfully applied to clinical assays and used for diagnostic purposes.
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86
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Structure-mutagenicity relationships in a series of indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-1,4-diones that have shown cytotoxic properties on leukemia cells. Mutat Res 1992; 280:225-31. [PMID: 1382223 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(92)90052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of seven 6-methylindolo[3,2-c]quinoline-1,4-diones substituted either in the 2 position or in 3 position by various groups were examined for their ability to induce mutation in the Ames test at several concentrations in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102). First, relationships were established between their mutagenic activities and either the nature or the position of the substituent on the quinonic nucleus. Compounds substituted in the 2 position were less mutagenic than the 3 isomers. In the second study, the mutagenic properties were compared to the in vitro antitumor activity. Interestingly, some very cytotoxic quinones were only weak mutagens. So where the cytotoxicity is similar, the less mutagenic compounds may be suitable for clinical use as antitumor drugs, in order to avoid important side effects; the Ames test can then be used guide the selection of molecules for further in vivo antitumor screening. It can also be very helpful in selecting the best candidate molecules to be synthesized.
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87
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v-Myc, but not Max, possesses domains that function in both transcription activation and cellular transformation. Oncogene 1992; 7:1531-40. [PMID: 1630816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated expression of myc gene family members is associated with the development of malignant neoplasms in several species. Despite the evidence linking expression of this family of nuclear proteins with the proper control of cellular growth and development, the function of the myc protein remains unknown. Intrigued by the observed structural similarity between the myc protein and several eukaryotic transcription factors, we have investigated the ability of the MC29 viral myc protein to activate transcription of a heterologous promoter in C3H10T1/2 cells. Overlapping portions of v-myc coding sequences were inserted 3' to the yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain and tested for their ability to activate transcription of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene containing GAL4 binding sites. Two transcription activation domains were identified within the amino terminus of v-Myc. The importance of these regions for cellular transformation was examined using ras/myc co-transformation assays. Our results demonstrate that deletion of either of the transcription activation domains, or the DNA-binding and protein oligomerization domains, abolishes the ability of v-Myc to cooperate with Ras to transform C3H10T1/2 cells. Similarly, we investigated whether Max, the protein-binding partner of Myc, also possesses the potential to activate transcription. Interestingly, chimeric GAL4/Max proteins were not functional in our assays, suggesting that the potential of the Myc-Max complex to influence gene expression and function in cellular transformation relies primarily on sequences found within the amino terminus of Myc.
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88
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Structure-activity relationships of a series of antitumoral 5,8-quinazolinediones in mutagenicity studies. Mutat Res 1991; 261:51-6. [PMID: 1715513 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four antitumoral 5,8-quinazolinediones were examined for their ability to induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium. Each compound was tested at several concentrations in 4 strains. Relationships were established between the structure of the quinones and their mutagenic activities. The mutagenicity was influenced by (i) the nature of the substituent(s) of the quinonic moiety: the methoxyquinone had no mutagenic properties and the aziridinylquinones were mutagenic in the 4 strains with or without activation by S9 mix; (ii) the presence or the absence of a diaminopolymethylenic chain in the 4 position; (iii) the monomeric or the dimeric structure of the tested compound. Interestingly, the data indicated that the aziridinylquinazolinedione bearing the dimethylaminopropylamino chain in the 4 position was less mutagenic and had greater antitumor activity than the dimeric quinone.
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89
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[The relationship between maturity of Christian faith and anxiety of patients with cancer]. KANHO HAKHOE CHI [THE JOURNAL OF NURSES ACADEMIC SOCIETY] 1989; 19:118-26. [PMID: 2739232 DOI: 10.4040/jnas.1989.19.1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the maturity of Christian faith and anxiety. Nurses are concerned with the spiritual dimension of clients' experience. The subjects of this study were patients with cancer in Y. University Hospital in Seoul. Subjects were selected who knew their diagnosis, were aged 20 or older and agreed to the interview. A total of 35 patients were interviewed from August 1 to September 15, 1988. The instruments used in this study were the maturity of Christian faith scale developed by H.S. Choi and modified by the investigator, and an anxiety scale developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed by statistical methods including Frequency, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results included the following: Hypothesis, "That as the degree of maturity of Christian faith of the patients increases, the degree of state anxiety will decrease", was supported (gamma = -.8061, p less than .001). According to this study, maturity of Christian faith is significantly related to the reduction of anxiety of patients with cancer. In a holistic approach to their clients, nurses may have confidence that the maturity of Christian faith of their clients will contribute to the reduction of anxiety.
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90
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Abstract
We have analyzed the mechanism controlling the infiltration of lymphocytes into tumor tissues. W3/25 (+) (helper/inducer phenotype) T cells obtained from tumor tissues of T-9 sensitized rats produced soluble factors. We demonstrated that the soluble factors were responsible for the infiltration of T lymphocytes into tumor tissues by using a modified Boyden chamber technique. We established a system in which we stained filters of the Boyden chamber by an immunoperoxidase technique, thus directly determining the phenotype of cells that had actually migrated into the filters in response to the soluble factors. Upon fractionation of soluble factors produced by W3/25 (+) T cells, four peaks of lymphocyte migration factor (LMF) activity were detected. Peaks B and C exhibited strong LMF activity and specifically attracted R1-10B5 (+) (suppressor/killer phenotype) T cells. Thus, the infiltration of R1-10B5 (+) T cells into tumor tissues was partly explained by LMF produced by tumor-infiltrating W3/25 (+) T cells. The expression of a putative receptor for LMF by lymphocytes may also influence the degree of lymphocyte infiltration into tumors.
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91
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Abstract
Experiments to evaluate the genotoxic potentialities of urban air particles sampled in Paris (France) after organic solvent extraction have been carried out using four in vitro genotoxicity tests. The two bacterial tests (the Ames test and the SOS Chromotest) demonstrate the genotoxicity of the organic extracts of atmospheric particles; two additional tests (induction of 6-thioguanine mutants and sister chromatid exchanges), carried out on V79 Chinese hamster cells, also confirm these potentialities. These results show clearly that particulate organic extracts induce point mutations in both bacteria and mammalian cells, or the cellular response (SOS repair) to these mutations in bacteria; likewise, they are responsible for clastogenic effects in mammalian cells. Genotoxicity is due either to direct genotoxic chemicals or to active metabolic products of the action of microsomal enzymes. The optimalization of testing procedures is discussed in order to appreciate the contribution of genotoxicity tests to the study of atmospheric pollution.
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92
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Mutagenicity in urine from nurses handling cytostatic agents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER & CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1986; 22:1489-93. [PMID: 3595674 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(86)90085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A cohort study of 29 nurses who extensively handle cytostatic drugs, 29 controls matched on sex and age, and seven patients under chemotherapy was carried out between 1983 and 1985. In a first study, urinary mutagenicity assays performed with the Ames test towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with and without S9 mix gave an increased mutagenic activity, although not significant, for nurses as compared to controls, after adjustment on smoking habits. The results of mutagenicity assays for patients were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than for non-smoker nurses and non-smoker controls with TA 98 without S9 mix. Of the 29 pairs, complementary assays were performed for non-smokers, that is 11 nurses and 11 matched controls, with TA 98, TA 100 and TA 1535 +/- S9 mix. A significant increase in mutagenic activity (P less than 0.05) was detected for nurses as compared to matched controls towards TA 98 with and without S9 mix. Moreover, the mutagenicity was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in nurses who handled at least one electrophilic agents as compared to nurses who handled non-electrophilic drugs towards TA 98 with and without S9 mix.
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93
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94
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Steady nonionic countergradient transport through membranes by coupled diffusion. AIChE J 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690250312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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