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Gospe SM, Bhatti MT, El-Dairi MA. Emerging Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Optic Neuropathies. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017; 24:135-142. [PMID: 28941529 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited cooperation and attention span often lead to poorly reliable assessments of visual acuity and visual fields in children, making diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric optic neuropathies challenging. As a noninvasive imaging modality, optical coherence tomography (OCT) could offer particular utility in this patient population. OCT provides high-resolution characterization of the optic nerve head, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and cellular layers of the macula, all of which can be used to assess the severity of optic nerve disease qualitatively and quantitatively. Application of OCT to pediatric patients has been limited by technical factors and lack of pediatric normative databases, but with recent technological improvements and rapidly expanding research efforts OCT is poised to revolutionize the management of optic neuropathies in children. We review current and emerging applications of OCT to important pediatric optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, papilledema, optic neuritis, optic pathway gliomas, and congenital optic disc anomalies.
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Weisleder P, Gospe SM, Ng YT, Sahin M. The Pediatric Neurology Trainee Publication Award for 2015. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 63:1-2. [PMID: 28847386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Male Fisher-344 rats were exposed to [14C]toluene by either liquid gavage or vapor inhalation and blood toluene levels were measured by radiospectroscopy. Oral doses of 110, 336, 741, and 911 mg toluene/kg body weight were administered to 82 rats by gavage and blood toluene levels were followed for 6 h. For the inhalation group (120 rats), 3-h exposures to 99, 549, and 1,145 ppm were given and blood toluene levels were measured during this 3-h uptake phase and during a 4-h elimination period. The data for these two exposure methods were fitted to parametric kinetic models, and the resulting curves were then integrated. The blood toluene versus time profiles for oral and inhalation exposures were then compared and the equation: In(oral dosage, mg/kg) = -1.44 + 0.95 In(3-h inhalation exposure concentration, ppm) was derived (where In represents the natural logarithm). This equation describes the relation between toluene inhalation and oral exposure methods used in this study. This investigation demonstrates that oral toluene administration produces high blood toluene concentrations that can simulate the blood levels achieved after inhalation exposure to this solvent.
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Poliachik SL, Friedman SD, Poliakov AV, Budech CB, Ishak GE, Shaw DWW, Gospe SM. Corpus Callosum Diffusion and Connectivity Features in High Functioning Subjects With Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2016; 54:43-8. [PMID: 26547255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this observational study, white matter structure, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task-based responses, and functional connectivity were assessed in four subjects with high functioning pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and age-matched control subjects. METHODS Four male subjects with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (mean age 31 years 8 months, standard deviation 12 years 3 months) and age-matched control subjects (32 years 4 months, standard deviation 13 years) were recruited to participate in the study. Diffusion tensor data were collected and postprocessed in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library to quantify corpus callosum tracts as a means to assess white matter structure. Task-based fMRI data were collected and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library used to assess task response. The fMRI resting-state data were analyzed with the functional connectivity toolbox Conn to determine functional connectivity. RESULTS Subjects with high functioning pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy retained structural white matter connectivity compared with control subjects, despite morphologic differences in the posterior corpus callosum. fMRI task-based results did not differ between subjects with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and control subjects; functional connectivity as measured with resting-state fMRI was lower in subjects with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy for several systems (memory, somatosensory, auditory). CONCLUSION Although corpus callosum morphology is diminished in the posterior portions, structural connectivity was retained in subjects with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, while functional connectivity was diminished for memory, somatosensory, and auditory systems.
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Burns TM, Smith GA, Allen JA, Amato AA, Arnold WD, Barohn R, Benatar M, Bird SJ, Bromberg M, Chahin N, Ciafaloni E, Cohen JA, Corse A, Crum BA, David WS, Dimberg E, Sousa EAD, Donofrio PD, Dyck PJB, Engel AG, Ensrud ER, Ferrante M, Freimer M, Gable KL, Gibson S, Gilchrist JM, Goldstein JM, Gooch CL, Goodman BP, Gorelov D, Gospe SM, Goyal NA, Guidon AC, Guptill JT, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Gwathmey K, Harati Y, Harper CM, Hehir MK, Hobson-Webb LD, Howard JF, Jackson CE, Johnson N, Jones SM, Juel VC, Kaminski HJ, Karam C, Kennelly KD, Khella S, Khoury J, Kincaid JC, Kissel JT, Kolb N, Lacomis D, Ladha S, Larriviere D, Lewis RA, Li Y, Litchy WJ, Logigian E, Lou JS, MacGowen DJ, Maselli R, Massey JM, Mauermann ML, Mathews KD, Meriggioli MN, Miller RG, Moon JS, Mozaffar T, Nations SP, Nowak RJ, Ostrow LW, Pascuzzi RM, Peltier A, Ruzhansky K, Richman DP, Ross MA, Rubin DEVONI, Russell JA, Sachs GM, Salajegheh MK, Saperstein DS, Scelsa S, Selcen D, Shaibani A, Shieh PB, Silvestri NJ, Singleton JR, Smith BE, So YT, Solorzano G, Sorenson EJ, Srinivasen J, Tavee J, Tawil R, Thaisetthawatkul P, Thornton C, Trivedi J, Vernino S, Wang AK, Webb TA, Weiss MD, Windebank AJ, Wolfe GI. Editorial by concerned physicians: Unintended effect of the orphan drug act on the potential cost of 3,4-diaminopyridine. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:165-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertini E, Gospe SM. SSADH deficiency in an adult: Venturing outside of the diagnostic box and inside of the registry. Neurology 2015; 85:842-3. [PMID: 26268899 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gospe SM, Bhatti MT, El-Dairi MA. Anatomic and visual function outcomes in paediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 100:505-9. [PMID: 26269534 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of literature describing risk factors for vision loss in paediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We investigate the final visual function, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT findings in children with papilledema caused by IIH. METHODS Medical records of 31 patients with paediatric IIH (age ≤17 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Optic disc photographs on presentation and automated perimetry, SD-OCT and EDI-OCT imaging on final follow-up visit were statistically analysed to identify patient characteristics and anatomic findings associated with irreversible vision loss. RESULTS Permanent visual acuity or visual field loss developed in 19% of study eyes. Papilledema of modified Frisén grade ≥3 on presentation was highly predictive of permanent vision loss (p<0.001), while associations between pubertal status and visual function outcome failed to reach statistical significance. SD-OCT revealed optic atrophy in 13% and photoreceptor loss in 19% of eyes, with both findings highly associated with vision loss (p<0.0001). Optic disc drusen was noted in 48% of study eyes by EDI-OCT but was not found to be predictive of visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS Clinical observation of high papilledema grade on presentation is predictive of poor visual outcomes. Vision loss is associated not only with optic atrophy but also with photoreceptor damage. Interestingly, a high proportion of study eyes had optic disc drusen, which was not associated with vision loss, but can be a diagnostic challenge in distinguishing true papilledema from pseudopapilledema.
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Ng YT, Gospe SM, Sahin M. Pediatric Neurology 2014 Trainee Publication Award Winner: Dr. Mitchel T. Williams. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 53:103-4. [PMID: 26047694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mefford HC, Zemel M, Geraghty E, Cook J, Clayton PT, Paul K, Plecko B, Mills PB, Nordli DR, Gospe SM. Intragenic deletions of ALDH7A1 in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy caused by Alu-Alu recombination. Neurology 2015. [PMID: 26224730 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of intragenic deletions of ALDH7A1 in patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy but only a single identifiable mutation in ALDH7A1. METHODS We designed a custom oligonucleotide array with high-density probe coverage across the ALDH7A1 gene. We performed array comparative genomic hybridization in 6 patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy but only a single detectable mutation in ALDH7A1 by sequence analysis. RESULTS We found partial deletions of ALDH7A1 in 5 of 6 patients. Breakpoint analysis reveals that the deletions are likely a result of Alu-Alu recombination in all cases. The density of Alu elements within introns of ALDH7A1 suggests susceptibility to recurrent rearrangement. CONCLUSION Patients with clinical pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and a single identifiable mutation in ALDH7A1 warrant further investigation for copy number changes involving the ALHD7A1 gene.
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Gospe SM, Bhatti MT, Chavis PS. Tug of war. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:366-72. [PMID: 25891028 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 74-year-old man had reproducible superior and inferior arcuate visual field defects in the left eye only that were initially believed to be caused by primary open-angle glaucoma. Diagnostic evaluation with the aid of optical coherence tomography revealed extrafoveal vitreomacular traction (VMT) with secondary retinal thickening and schisis. We discuss the evaluation of non-glaucomatous visual field defects and review the literature on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of VMT syndrome.
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Gospe SM. Routine Monitoring of the Electrocardiogram Q-T Interval in the EEG Laboratory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00029238.1992.11080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Friedman SD, Ishak GE, Poliachik SL, Poliakov AV, Otto RK, Shaw DWW, Willemsen MA, Bok LA, Gospe SM. Callosal alterations in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014; 56:1106-10. [PMID: 24942048 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM While there have been isolated reports of callosal morphology differences in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE), a rare autosomal disorder caused by ALDH7A1 gene mutations, no study has systematically evaluated callosal features in a large sample of patients. This study sought to overcome this knowledge gap. METHOD Spanning a wide age range from birth to 48 years, corpus callosum morphology and cross-sectional cerebral area were measured in 30 individuals with PDE (12 males, 18 females, median age 3.92y; 25th centile 0.27, 75th centile 15.25) compared to 30 age-matched comparison individuals (11 males, 19 females, median age 3.85y; 25th centile 0.26, 75th centile 16.00). Individuals with PDE were also divided into age groups to evaluate findings across development. As delay to treatment may modulate clinical severity, groups were stratified by treatment delay (less than or greater than 2wks from birth). RESULTS Markedly reduced callosal area expressed as a ratio of mid-sagittal cerebral area was observed for the entire group with PDE (p<0.001). Stratifying by age (<1y, 1-10y, >10y) demonstrated posterior abnormalities to be a consistent feature, with anterior regions increasingly involved across the developmental trajectory. Splitting the PDE group by treatment lag did not reveal overall or sub-region callosal differences. INTERPRETATION Callosal abnormalities are a common feature of PDE not explained by treatment lag. Future work utilizing tract-based approaches to understand inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity patterns will help in the better understanding the structural aspects of this disease.
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Beatty CW, Ko PR, Nixon J, Gospe SM. Delayed-onset movement disorder and encephalopathy after oxycodone ingestion. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2014; 21:160-5. [PMID: 25149954 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 14-year-old girl with a biphasic course after oxycodone ingestion. Clinically, she had a rapid return to baseline after initial ingestion and presented a week later with new-onset ballism, akathisia, and encephalopathy. Neuroimaging demonstrated bilateral globi pallidi and cerebellar lesions with a relative decrease of metabolite peaks on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Her movement disorder was treated successfully with valproic acid and clonidine. Her cognitive functioning returned to baseline 3 months after ingestion.
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van Karnebeek CDM, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Jaggumantri S, Assmann B, Baxter P, Buhas D, Bok LA, Cheng B, Coughlin CR, Das AM, Giezen A, Al-Hertani W, Ho G, Meyer U, Mills P, Plecko B, Struys E, Ueda K, Albersen M, Verhoeven N, Gospe SM, Gallagher RC, Van Hove JKL, Hartmann H. Lysine-Restricted Diet as Adjunct Therapy for Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy: The PDE Consortium Consensus Recommendations. JIMD Rep 2014; 15:1-11. [PMID: 24748525 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2014_296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy-five percent of patients with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) due to Antiquitin (ATQ) deficiency suffer from developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (IQ < 70) despite seizure control. An observational study showed that adjunct treatment with a lysine-restricted diet is safe, results in partial normalization of lysine intermediates in body fluids, and may have beneficial effects on seizure control and psychomotor development. METHODS In analogy to the NICE guideline process, the international PDE Consortium, an open platform uniting scientists and clinicians working in the field of this metabolic epilepsy, during four workshops (2010-2013) developed a recommendation for a lysine-restricted diet in PDE, with the aim of standardizing its implementation and monitoring of patients. Additionally, a proposal for a further observational study is suggested. RESULTS (1) All patients with confirmed ATQ deficiency are eligible for adjunct treatment with lysine-restricted diet, unless treatment with pyridoxine alone has resulted in complete symptom resolution, including normal behavior and development. (2) Lysine restriction should be started as early as possible; the optimal duration remains undetermined. (3) The diet should be implemented and the patient be monitored according to these recommendations in order to assure best possible quality of care and safety. DISCUSSION The implementation of this recommendation will provide a unique and a much needed opportunity to gather data with which to refine the recommendation as well as improve our understanding of outcomes of individuals affected by this rare disease. We therefore propose an international observational study that would utilize freely accessible, online data sharing technologies to generate more evidence.
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Lechpammer M, Clegg MS, Muzar Z, Huebner PA, Jin LW, Gospe SM. Pathology of inherited manganese transporter deficiency. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:608-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wallace SE, Conta JH, Winder TL, Willer T, Eskuri JM, Haas R, Patterson K, Campbell KP, Moore SA, Gospe SM. A novel missense mutation in POMT1 modulates the severe congenital muscular dystrophy phenotype associated with POMT1 nonsense mutations. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:312-20. [PMID: 24491487 PMCID: PMC3959257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in POMT1 lead to a group of neuromuscular conditions ranging in severity from Walker-Warburg syndrome to limb girdle muscular dystrophy. We report two male siblings, ages 19 and 14, and an unrelated 6-year old female with early onset muscular dystrophy and intellectual disability with minimal structural brain anomalies and no ocular abnormalities. Compound heterozygous mutations in POMT1 were identified including a previously reported nonsense mutation (c.2167dupG; p.Asp723Glyfs*8) associated with Walker-Warburg syndrome and a novel missense mutation in a highly conserved region of the protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 protein (c.1958C>T; p.Pro653Leu). This novel variant reduces the phenotypic severity compared to patients with homozygous c.2167dupG mutations or compound heterozygous patients with a c.2167dupG mutation and a wide range of other mutant POMT1 alleles.
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Segal MM, Williams MS, Gropman AL, Torres AR, Forsyth R, Connolly AM, El-Hattab AW, Perlman SJ, Samanta D, Parikh S, Pavlakis SG, Feldman LK, Betensky RA, Gospe SM. Evidence-based decision support for neurological diagnosis reduces errors and unnecessary workup. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:487-92. [PMID: 23576414 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813483365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using vignettes of real cases and the SimulConsult diagnostic decision support software, neurologists listed a differential diagnosis and workup before and after using the decision support. Using the software, there was a significant reduction in error, up to 75% for diagnosis and 56% for workup. This error reduction occurred despite the baseline being one in which testers were allowed to use narrative resources and Web searching. A key factor that improved performance was taking enough time (>2 minutes) to enter clinical findings into the software accurately. Under these conditions and for instances in which the diagnoses changed based on using the software, diagnostic accuracy improved in 96% of instances. There was a 6% decrease in the number of workup items accompanied by a 34% increase in relevance. The authors conclude that decision support for a neurological diagnosis can reduce errors and save on unnecessary testing.
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Jansen LA, Hevner RF, Roden WH, Hahn SH, Jung S, Gospe SM. Glial localization of antiquitin: implications for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:22-32. [PMID: 24122892 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high incidence of structural brain abnormalities has been reported in individuals with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE). PDE is caused by mutations in ALDH7A1, also known as antiquitin. How antiquitin dysfunction leads to cerebral dysgenesis is unknown. In this study, we analyzed tissue from a child with PDE as well as control human and murine brain to determine the normal distribution of antiquitin, its distribution in PDE, and associated brain malformations. METHODS Formalin-fixed human brain sections were subjected to histopathology and fluorescence immunohistochemistry studies. Frozen brain tissue was utilized for measurement of PDE-associated metabolites and Western blot analysis. Comparative studies of antiquitin distribution were performed in developing mouse brain sections. RESULTS Histologic analysis of PDE cortex revealed areas of abnormal radial neuronal organization consistent with type Ia focal cortical dysplasia. Heterotopic neurons were identified in subcortical white matter, as was cortical astrogliosis, hippocampal sclerosis, and status marmoratus of the basal ganglia. Highly elevated levels of lysine metabolites were present in postmortem PDE cortex. In control human and developing mouse brain, antiquitin immunofluorescence was identified in radial glia, mature astrocytes, ependyma, and choroid plexus epithelium, but not in neurons. In PDE cortex, antiquitin immunofluorescence was greatly attenuated with evidence of perinuclear accumulation in astrocytes. INTERPRETATION Antiquitin is expressed within glial cells in the brain, and its dysfunction in PDE is associated with neuronal migration abnormalities and other structural brain defects. These malformations persist despite postnatal pyridoxine supplementation and likely contribute to neurodevelopmental impairments.
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Jung S, Tran NTB, Gospe SM, Hahn SH. Preliminary investigation of the use of newborn dried blood spots for screening pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy by LC-MS/MS. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:237-40. [PMID: 23953072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
α-AASA and P6C were measured retrospectively in original newborn DBS of five patients with PDE using a LC-MS/MS method we developed previously. Both α-AASA and P6C were elevated markedly in the three newborn DBS stored at -20°C. At room temperature, α-AASA and P6C in DBS appeared stable for 3 days and then decreased by up to 70% after 14 days but remained much higher than control, indicating newborn screening for PDE is feasible.
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Richardson RC, Tarleton JC, Bird TD, Gospe SM. Truncating CLCN1 mutations in myotonia congenita: Variable patterns of inheritance. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:593-600. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tully HM, Dempsey JC, Ishak GE, Adam MP, Mink JW, Dobyns WB, Gospe SM, Weiss A, Phillips JO, Doherty D. Persistent figure-eight and side-to-side head shaking is a marker for rhombencephalosynapsis. Mov Disord 2013; 28:2019-23. [PMID: 24105968 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head-shaking stereotypies have been described in patients with neurological impairment. We noted an unusual preponderance of head shaking in patients with rhombencephalosynapsis (RES). We sought to delineate the movements further and determine whether oculomotor and vestibular testing could reveal their cause. METHODS Information was collected from direct observation, video review and parental questionnaire from 59 patients with RES. Oculomotor and vestibular testing was performed in 4 children. RESULTS Of 59 patients, 50 had persistent head shaking that was often observed years before RES was recognized. Three affected children demonstrated abnormal central vestibular processing. CONCLUSIONS Head-shaking is common in RES. These characteristic movements may provide input to a defective vestibular system or may represent a motor pattern that is usually suppressed by vestibular feedback. Persistent head shaking should alert clinicians to the possible presence of a congenital hindbrain abnormality that affects the vestibulocerebellum, particularly RES.
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Zhou SS, Gospe SM. Double Labeling of Proliferating Neurons with Anti-BrdU and Anti-NeuN: An Improved Immunohistochemical Technique Utilizing Microwave Irradiation. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1998.21.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Salinas RY, Baker SA, Gospe SM, Arshavsky VY. A single valine residue plays an essential role in peripherin/rds targeting to photoreceptor outer segments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54292. [PMID: 23342122 PMCID: PMC3544770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripherin/retinal degeneration slow (rds) is an integral membrane protein specifically localized to the light-sensing organelle of the photoreceptor cell, the outer segment. Within the outer segment, peripherin is found at the edges of photoreceptor discs, where it plays a critical role in disc morphogenesis and maintenance. Peripherin loss or mutations are often associated with severe forms of visual impairments. Like all other resident outer segment proteins, peripherin is synthesized in the photoreceptor cell body and subsequently transported to the outer segment. In an effort to further examine peripherin’s delivery to outer segments, we undertook a careful examination of its targeting sequence. Using a fluorescently labeled reporter expressed in the rods of transgenic tadpoles, we narrowed peripherin’s targeting sequence to ten amino acids within its C-terminal tail. This small stretch of amino acid residues is both necessary and sufficient for outer segment targeting. We also conducted alanine scanning of all residues within this sequence and found that only a single residue, valine at position 332, is essential for outer segment targeting. This valine is conserved in all species and its mutation is sufficient to completely abrogate the targeting of full-length peripherin in mouse rods.
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Mefford HC, Cook J, Gospe SM. Epilepsy due to 20q13.33 subtelomere deletion masquerading as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:3190-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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