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Caplan N, Stewart S, Kashyap S, Banaszkiewicz P, St Clair Gibson A, Kader D, Ewen A. The effect of total hip and hip resurfacing arthroplasty on vertical ground reaction force and impulse symmetry during a sit-to-stand task. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2014; 29:1164-9. [PMID: 25293891 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the influence of total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing arthroplasty on limb loading symmetry before, and after, hip reconstruction surgery during a sit-to-stand task. METHODS Fourteen patients were recruited that were about to receive either a total hip prosthesis (n=7) or a hip resurfacing prosthesis (n=7), as well as matched controls. Patients performed a sit-to-stand movement before, 3 months after, and 12 months after surgery. Peak vertical ground reaction force and impulse were measured for each leg, from which ground reaction force and impulse symmetry ratios were calculated. FINDINGS Before surgery, hip resurfacing patients showed a small asymmetry which was not different to normal for ground reaction force (0.88(0.28) vs. 1.00(0.11); p=0.311) or impulse (0.87(0.29) vs. 0.99(0.09); p=0.324) symmetry ratios. Total hip patients offloaded their affected hip by 30% in terms of impulse symmetry ratio (0.71(0.36) vs. 0.99(0.23); p=0.018). At 3 months following surgery asymmetries were seen that were different to normal in both hip resurfacing patients for ground reaction force (0.77(0.16); p=0.007), and total hip patients for ground reaction force (0.70(0.15); p=0.018) and impulse (0.72(0.16); p=0.011) symmetry ratios. By 12 months after surgery total hip patients regained a symmetrical loading pattern for both ground reaction force (0.95(0.06); p=0.676) and impulse (1.00(0.06); p=0.702) symmetry ratios. Hip resurfacing patients, however, performed the task by overloading their operated hip, with impulse symmetry ratio being larger than normal (1.16(0.16); p=0.035). INTERPRETATION Physiotherapists should appreciate the need for early recovery of limb loading symmetry as well as subsequent differences in the responses observed with different prostheses.
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Maciel TT, Merle E, Fricot A, Monteiro R, Moura IC, Seleznik G, Seeger H, Papandile A, Fu K, Poreci U, Czerkowicz J, Rabah D, Ranger A, Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer M, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Anders HJ, Lech M, Wuthrich RP, Ruddle NH, Moeller MJ, Regele H, Kozakowski N, Bauer J, Heikenwalder M, Browning JL, Segerer S, Kirsch AH, Artinger K, Rho E, Wolf AM, Cornez I, Eller P, Wolf D, Rosenkranz AR, Eller K, Rho E, Artinger K, Kirsch AH, Schaubettl C, Aringer I, Rosenkranz AR, Eller P, Eller K, Grande JP, Hartono SP, Kashyap S, Knudsen B. PATHOLOGY INFLAMMATION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bharati P, Bharti A, Bharty M, Kashyap S, Singh U, Singh N. Synthesis, spectral and structural characterization of Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole: A Zn(II) complex acting as a new sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+ in H2O–MeOH medium. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kashyap S, Kashyap K. Profile of lung cancer in predominantly Bidi smoking rural population of Northern Himachal Pradesh. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES 2013; 55:181. [PMID: 24380230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Sharma S, Tandon R, Mohanty S, Kashyap S, Vanathi M. Phenotypic evaluation of severely damaged ocular surface after reconstruction by cultured limbal epithelial cell transplantation. Ophthalmic Res 2013; 50:59-64. [PMID: 23751337 DOI: 10.1159/000346868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical outcome of autologous cultured limbal epithelial cell transplantation (CLECT) followed by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in paediatric eyes and to correlate the clinical outcome with the phenotype of rejuvenated corneal epithelium. METHODS Four patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) underwent autologous CLECT. Cultivated cell sheets were transplanted onto the damaged ocular surface followed by DALK surgery. Excised corneal buttons were subjected to histopathological analysis. Data recorded included age, sex, laterality, nature of injury, follow-up period, severity of stem cell deficiency, visual acuity, Schirmer's test and impression cytology. RESULTS At a mean follow-up period of 19.5 ± 7.4 (range 9-26) months after CLECT, all 4 eyes showed epithelialized and clinically stabilized ocular surface. Manual DALK was performed in all 4 eyes, with a mean follow-up of 9.75 ± 4.5 (range 5-15) months. All eyes exhibited smooth and clear corneal epithelium with improved visual acuity. Excised corneal buttons demonstrated organized corneal epithelial morphology and showed expression of cornea-specific CK3/12 marker. CONCLUSION Restoration of severely damaged ocular surface following chemical injury by using 2-stage meticulous approaches offers a new modality for the treatment of severe LSCD. Transplantation of cultivated autologous limbal epithelial cell sheet followed by DALK surgery can efficiently restore the corneal phenotype with improved vision.
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Kashyap S. Computational Modeling Deduced Three Dimensional Structure of Cry1Ab16 Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis AC11. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 52:263-9. [PMID: 23729892 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first theoretical structural model of newly reported Cry1Ab16 δ-endotoxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis AC11 was predicted using homology modeling technique. Cry1Ab16 resembles the Cry1Aa protein structure by sharing a common three domains structure responsible in pore forming and specificity determination along with few structural deviations. The main differences between the two is in the length of loops, absence of α7b, α9a, α10b, α11a and presence of additional β12b, α13 components while α10a is spatially located at downstream position in Cry1Ab16. A better understanding of the 3D structure shall be helpful in the design of domain swapping and mutagenesis experiments aimed at improving toxicity.
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Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Ahmed Z, Gupta KB, Janmeja AK, Kashyap S, Singh M, Mohan A, Whig J. Tuberculous lymphadenopathy: a multicentre operational study of 6-month thrice weekly directly observed treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:234-9. [PMID: 23317960 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Eight operational locations for the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in six Indian states. OBJECTIVE To assess the 6-month efficacy of an intermittent thrice-weekly directly observed treatment (DOT) regimen for tuberculous peripheral adenopathy and the need for prolongation of treatment to 9 months for non-resolution of lymphadenopathy. DESIGN Patients aged >5 years with tuberculous lymphadenopathy were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for resolution at repeat visits following treatment. Those with poor resolution at 6 months were randomised to extended treatment up to 9 months or observation without additional treatment. RESULTS Resolution of lymphadenopathy was observed at the end of 6 months in 517/551 (93.8%) patients. There was a significant difference in response among patients with and those without the presence of systemic symptoms. There was no association between treatment response and number, size, site, consistency and matting of lymphadenopathy. No differences in response were seen in the remaining 34 patients with or without extended treatment. CONCLUSION The operational efficacy of 6-month thrice-weekly DOT for peripheral tubercular lymphadenopathy was satisfactory. There was no evidence of additional benefits of prolonging treatment to 9 months.
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Jayaraj P, Sen S, Sharma A, Chosdol K, Kashyap S, Rai A, Pushker N, Bajaj M, Ghose S. Epigenetic inactivation of the E-cadherin gene in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:583-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hassouna F, Kashyap S, Laachachi A, Ball V, Chapron D, Toniazzo V, Ruch D. Peculiar reduction of graphene oxide into graphene after diffusion in exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 377:489-96. [PMID: 22503661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, in situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into graphene was preformed, after diffusion in exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayers, using sodium citrate as the reducing agent. First, the graphene oxide was obtained by treating a commercial grade of Expanded Graphite (EG). Based on XRD and Raman spectroscopy results, a complete exfoliation of graphene nanopellets down to one layer was achieved during the oxidation process. Secondly, the diffusion of GO was carried out in an exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayer film made from poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as the polycation and from poly(acrylic acid) as the polyanion. Electrical conductivity of the GO based films was measured during the reduction process as a function of time. The conductivity reached values of the order of 10(-4) S cm(-1), whereas the pristine polyelectrolyte multilayer was highly insulating (∼10(-8) S cm(-1)). The conductivity also reached a maximal value after about 24 h of reduction and decreased for longer reduction duration. Some tentative explanations for this peculiar finding will be given.
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Kashyap S, Singh BD, Amla DV. Computational tridimensional protein modeling of Cry1Ab19 toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis BtX-2. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:788-92. [PMID: 22573155 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1106.06034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We report the computational structural simulation of the Cry1Ab19 toxin molecule from B. thuringiensis BtX-2 based on the structure of Cry1Aa1 deduced by x-ray diffraction. Validation results showed that 93.5% of modeled residues are folded in a favorable orientation with a total energy Z-score of -8.32, and the constructed model has an RMSD of only 1.13. The major differences in the presented model are longer loop lengths and shortened sheet components. The overall result supports the hierarchical three-domain structural hypothesis of Cry toxins and will help in better understanding the structural variation within the Cry toxin family along with facilitating the design of domain-swapping experiments aimed at improving the toxicity of native toxins.
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Singh N, Kashyap S. In silico identification and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase from Phytophthora sojae. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4101-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mehta M, Sethi S, Pushker N, Kashyap S, Sen S, Bajaj MS, Ghose S. Retinoblastoma. Singapore Med J 2012; 53:128-136. [PMID: 22337189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children and one of the very few life-threatening ophthalmic conditions. Genetically, the disease may be heritable or non-heritable. It can have unilateral or bilateral involvement and can present either sporadically or with a positive family history. Leukocoria and strabismus are the most common presentations. Diagnosis is made by indirect ophthalmoscopy aided by imaging techniques. Multidisciplinary management is aimed at saving lives, salvaging the globe and maintaining good vision. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and focal treatments, such as cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, brachytherapy and periocular chemotherapy, form the mainstay of globe preserving treatment in retinoblastoma. In developing countries, retinoblastoma is unfortunately accompanied by a high mortality rate due to delayed diagnosis made at advanced stages of the disease. Early diagnosis and timely management are vital for a good prognosis.
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Pushker N, Meel R, Sharma S, Bajaj MS, Kashyap S, Sen S. Giant orbital schwannoma with fluid-fluid levels. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:1168, 1180-1. [PMID: 20657016 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.170829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yandigeri MS, Yadav AK, Srinivasan R, Kashyap S, Pabbi S. Studies on mineral phosphate solubilization by cyanobacteria Westiellopsis and Anabaena. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261711040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yandigeri MS, Kashyap S, Yadav AK, Srinavasan R, Pabbi S. Studies on mineral phosphate solubilization by cyanobacteria Westiellopsis and Anabaena. MIKROBIOLOGIIA 2011; 80:552-559. [PMID: 22073557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two diazotrophic cyanobacteria, Westiellopsis prolifica and Anabaena variabilis were evaluated for elucidating the possible mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization. Phosphate starved cyanobacteria evaluated for the presence of organic acids, extracellular compounds or enzymes that might have been produced and promoted the mineral phosphate solubilization with Mussorie Rock Phosphate and Tricalcium Phosphate as substrates. Both the cultures did not reveal production of organic acids throughout the incubation period when checked for decrease in pH of the media and thin layer chromatography Thin layer chromatography of culture filtrates showed the presence of hydrocarbon like compound. Further analysis of the culture filtrates with gas liquid chromatography, a single peak near to the retention time of 7.6 was observed in all extracts of culture filtrates irrespective of phosphate source. UV-visible spectra of culture filtrates revealed the absorption maxima of 276 nm. Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric analysis of culture filtrates showed most intense peak in the electron impact (EI) ionization was at m/z 149 and molecular ion peaks at m/z 207 and 167, inferring the presence of phthalic acid. Among the mechanisms in mineral phosphate solubilization, it was evident that these cyanobacteria used phthalic acid as possible mode of P solubilization.
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Glubb DM, Zhang W, Owzar K, Jiang C, Mirza O, Kashyap S, Rzyman W, Jassem J, Hirsch FR, Dziadziuszko R, Innocenti F. Molecular studies support the association between germ-line genetic variants in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kashyap S. Evaluating most probable number method to count and isolate viable methylotrophs. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:46-8. [PMID: 24031603 PMCID: PMC3768911 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine different receptacles were tested with the MPN method to determine which receptacle was most reliable and economical for MPN counts. Results showed that 96 well PCR plate were the best vessels for this type of analysis and facilitated the isolation of viable Methylotrophs.
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Singh G, Gupta R, Kakkar A, Iyer VK, Kashyap S, Bakhshi S, Mathur SR. Fine needle aspiration cytology of metastatic ocular medulloepithelioma. Cytopathology 2010; 22:343-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kashyap S, Shen S, Parker K, Jaffey J, O'Connor A, Wells G. Embryo prediction model decreases twin rates after art. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Behl RK, Kashyap S, Sarkar M. Prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children of 6-13 years of age in Shimla city. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES 2010; 52:145-148. [PMID: 20949732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. However, there is limited data on asthma prevalence among school children in Shimla. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of asthma in Shimla city and also to examine the different factors influencing its occurrence. METHODS This was a questionnaire-based study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood [ISAAC] protocol) carried out in four randomly selected schools in the city of Shimla. The questionnaire was pre-tested in 50 school children. The age group included in the study was 6-13 years. The questionnaire was distributed to all the children (n = 1136). A response rate of 89.5% was achieved. The socio-economic status was determined on the basis of monthly income (cumulative square root value method). The ISAAC questionnaire was given standard scores. Various factors influencing the prevalence of asthma, such as socio-economic status, history of asthma and other allergic disorders in the family, type of cooking fuel used, history of active and passive smoking were elucidated from the history. RESULTS Overall prevalence of asthma in our study was found to be 2.3 percent. Boys had a higher prevalence (3.1%) than girls (1.4%). We found a significant association between asthma prevalence and family history of asthma and other atopic manifestations. There was no significant association of socio-economic factors and exposure to smoking with prevalence of asthma. CONCLUSION In the present study, the prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children in the age group of 6-13 years is 2.3 percent.
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Kashyap S. S-51 Traumatic Dislocation and Fracture Dislocation of Hip: A Retrospective Study of 209 Cases. J Biomech 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(10)70104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kashyap S, Lal M. S-31 Alkaptonuric Ochronosis – A Review of 8 Cases. J Biomech 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(10)70084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nayyar R, Singh P, Panda S, Kashyap S, Gupta NP. Proptosis due to "isolated" soft tissue orbital metastasis of prostate carcinoma. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47:74-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.58867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sahni R, Schulze KF, Ohira-Kist K, Kashyap S, Myers MM, Fifer WP. Interactions among peripheral perfusion, cardiac activity, oxygen saturation, thermal profile and body position in growing low birth weight infants. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:135-9. [PMID: 19785632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the correlation between the 'perfusion index' (PI) and other commonly used estimates of cutaneous blood flow [heart rate (HR), surface temperatures (ST) and central-to-peripheral thermal gradients (C-P grad)] and to use this new non-invasive tool to compare differences between prone and supine sleep position in low birth weight (LBW) infants. METHODS Six-hour continuous recordings of pulse oximetry, cardiac activity and absolute ST from three sites (flank, forearm and leg), along with minute-to-minute assessment of behavioural states were performed in 31 LBW infants. Infants were randomly assigned to the prone or supine position for the first 3 h and then reversed for the second 3 h. PI data were correlated with HR and C-P grad, and compared across sleep positions during quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS). RESULTS Perfusion index correlated significantly with HR (r(2) = 0.40) and flank-to-forearm thermal gradient (r(2) = 0.28). In the prone position during QS, infants exhibited higher PI (3.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.7), HR (158.4 +/- 8.9 vs. 154.1 +/- 8.8 bpm), SpO(2) (95.8 +/- 2.6 vs. 95.2 +/- 2.6%), flank (36.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 36.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C), forearm (36.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 35.5 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and leg (35.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 34.7 +/- 0.7 degrees C) temperatures and narrower flank-to-forearm (0.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C) and flank-to-leg (1.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.7 degrees C) gradients, compared to those of the supine position. Similar differences were observed during AS. CONCLUSION Perfusion index is a good non-invasive estimate of tissue perfusion. Prone sleeping position is associated with a higher PI, possibly reflecting thermoregulatory adjustments in cardiovascular control. The effects of these position-related changes may have important implications for the increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome in prone position.
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