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Arikawa Y, Yamanoi K, Nakazato T, Estacio ES, Shimizu T, Sarukura N, Nakai M, Hosoda H, Norimatsu T, Hironaka Y, Azechi H, Izumi N, Murata T, Fujino S, Yoshida H, Kamada K, Usuki Y, Suyama T, Yoshikawa A, Satoh N, Kan H. Down-scattered neutron imaging detector for areal density measurement of inertial confinement fusion. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:10D303. [PMID: 21033829 DOI: 10.1063/1.3475535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A custom developed (6)Li glass scintillator (APLF80+3Pr) for down-scattered neutron diagnostics in inertial confinement fusion experiments is presented. (6)Li provides an enhanced sensitivity for down-scattered neutrons in DD fusion and its experimentally observed 5-6 ns response time fulfills the requirement for down-scattered neutron detectors. A time-of-flight detector operating in the current mode using the APLF80+3Pr was designed and its feasibility observing down-scattered neutrons was demonstrated. Furthermore, a prototype design for a down-scattered neutron imaging detector was also demonstrated. This material promises viability as a future down-scattered neutron detector for the National Ignition Facility.
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Sakawa Y, Nakamura H, Oshima S, Hatakeyama M, Kageiwa N, Hino S, Tanimoto S, Tanabe M, Habara H, Homma H, Norimatsu T, Jitsuno T, Cai H, Zhou W, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Nagatomo H, Nishimura H, Tanaka KA, Mima K, Azechi H. A model experiment of a double-cone target using a gap target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Iwamoto A, Fujimura T, Nakai M, Nagai K, Norimatsu T, Azechi H, Maekawa R, Sakagami H. Study on possible fuel layering sequence for FIREX target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fujimura T, Nakai M, Iwamoto A, Hayashi N, Tanabe M, Izawa YU, Nagai K, Homma H, Nishimura H, Norimatsu T, Azechi H. Laser machining for fabrication of targets used in the FIREX-I project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Azechi H, Sakaiya T, Watari T, Karasik M, Saito H, Ohtani K, Takeda K, Hosoda H, Shiraga H, Nakai M, Shigemori K, Fujioka S, Murakami M, Nagatomo H, Johzaki T, Gardner J, Colombant DG, Bates JW, Velikovich AL, Aglitskiy Y, Weaver J, Obenschain S, Eliezer S, Kodama R, Norimatsu T, Fujita H, Mima K, Kan H. Experimental evidence of impact ignition: 100-fold increase of neutron yield by impactor collision. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:235002. [PMID: 19658942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.235002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We performed integrated experiments on impact ignition, in which a portion of a deuterated polystyrene (CD) shell was accelerated to about 600 km/s and was collided with precompressed CD fuel. The kinetic energy of the impactor was efficiently converted into thermal energy generating a temperature of about 1.6 keV. We achieved a two-order-of-magnitude increase in the neutron yield by optimizing the timing of the impact collision, demonstrating the high potential of impact ignition for fusion energy production.
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Nakamura H, Chrisman B, Tanimoto T, Borghesi M, Kondo K, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T, Sentoku Y, Kodama R. Superthermal and efficient-heating modes in the interaction of a cone target with ultraintense laser light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:045009. [PMID: 19257436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between a relativistic-intensity laser pulse and a cone-wire target are studied by changing the focusing point of the pulse. The pulse, when focused on the sidewall of the cone, produced superthermal electrons with an energy >10 MeV, whereas less energetic electrons approximately 1 MeV were produced by the pulse when focused on the cone tip. Efficient heating of the wire was indicated by significant neutron signals observed when the pulse was focused on the tip. Particle-in-cell simulation results show reduced heating of the wire due to energetic electrons produced by specularly reflected light at the sidewall.
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Kunugi T, Nakai T, Kawara Z, Norimatsu T, Kozaki Y. Investigation of cascade-type falling liquid-film along first wall of laser-fusion reactor. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fukada S, Edao Y, Yamaguti S, Norimatsu T. Tritium recovery system for Li–Pb loop of inertial fusion reactor. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rassuchine J, d'Humières E, Baton S, Fuchs J, Guillou P, Koenig M, Kodama R, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Batani D, Morace A, Redaelli R, Gremillet L, Rousseaux C, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Santos JJ, Adams J, Korgan G, Malekos S, Sentoku Y, Cowan TE. Enhanced energy localization and heating in high contrast ultra-intense laser produced plasmas via novel conical micro-target design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Nakamura H, Sentoku Y, Matsuoka T, Kondo K, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Shiraga H, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T, Kodama R. Fast heating of cylindrically imploded plasmas by petawatt laser light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:165001. [PMID: 18518210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We produced cylindrically imploded plasmas, which have the same density-radius product of the imploded plasma rhoR with the compressed core in the fast ignition experiment and demonstrated efficient fast heating of cylindrically imploded plasmas with an ultraintense laser light. The coupling efficiency from the laser to the imploded column was 14%-21%, implying strong collimation of energetic electrons over a distance of 300 microm of the plasma. Particle-in-cell simulation shows confinement of the energetic electrons by self-generated magnetic and electrostatic fields excited along the imploded plasmas, and the efficient fast heating in the compressed region.
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Lei AL, Pukhov A, Kodama R, Yabuuchi T, Adumi K, Endo K, Freeman RR, Habara H, Kitagawa Y, Kondo K, Kumar GR, Matsuoka T, Mima K, Nagatomo H, Norimatsu T, Shorokhov O, Snavely R, Yang XQ, Zheng J, Tanaka KA. Relativistic laser channeling in plasmas for fast ignition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:066403. [PMID: 18233928 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.066403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental observation suggesting plasma channel formation by focusing a relativistic laser pulse into a long-scale-length preformed plasma. The channel direction coincides with the laser axis. Laser light transmittance measurement indicates laser channeling into the high-density plasma with relativistic self-focusing. A three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation reproduces the plasma channel and reveals that the collimated hot-electron beam is generated along the laser axis in the laser channeling. These findings hold the promising possibility of fast heating a dense fuel plasma with a relativistic laser pulse.
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Lei AL, Tanaka KA, Kodama R, Kumar GR, Nagai K, Norimatsu T, Yabuuchi T, Mima K. Optimum hot electron production with low-density foams for laser fusion by fast ignition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:255006. [PMID: 16907316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.255006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a foam cone-in-shell target design aiming at optimum hot electron production for the fast ignition. A thin low-density foam is proposed to cover the inner tip of a gold cone inserted in a fuel shell. An intense laser is then focused on the foam to generate hot electrons for the fast ignition. Element experiments demonstrate increased laser energy coupling efficiency into hot electrons without increasing the electron temperature and beam divergence with foam coated targets in comparison with solid targets. This may enhance the laser energy deposition in the compressed fuel plasma.
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Dezulian R, Canova F, Barbanotti S, Orsenigo F, Redaelli R, Vinci T, Lucchini G, Batani D, Rus B, Polan J, Kozlová M, Stupka M, Praeg AR, Homer P, Havlicek T, Soukup M, Krousky E, Skala J, Dudzak R, Pfeifer M, Nishimura H, Nagai K, Ito F, Norimatsu T, Kilpio A, Shashkov E, Stuchebrukhov I, Vovchenko V, Chernomyrdin V, Krasuyk I. Hugoniot data of plastic foams obtained from laser-driven shocks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:047401. [PMID: 16711961 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.047401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present Hugoniot data for plastic foams obtained with laser-driven shocks. Relative equation-of-state data for foams were obtained using Al as a reference material. The diagnostics consisted in the detection of shock breakout from double layer Al/foam targets. The foams [poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) with density 130 > rho > 60 mg/cm3] were produced at the Institute of Laser Engineering of Osaka University. The experiment was performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44 microm wavelength and irradiances up to a few 10(14) W/cm2. Pressures as high as 3.6 Mbar (previously unreached for such low-density materials) where generated in the foams. Samples with four different values of initial density were used, in order to explore a wider region of the phase diagram. Shock acceleration when the shock crosses the Al/foam interface was also measured.
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Iwamoto A, Maekawa R, Mito T, Okamoto M, Motojima O, Sugito S, Okada K, Nakai M, Norimatsu T, Nagai K. Cool-down performance of the apparatus for the cryogenic target of the FIREX project. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kodama R, Sentoku Y, Chen ZL, Kumar GR, Hatchett SP, Toyama Y, Cowan TE, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Izawa Y, Key MH, Kitagawa Y, Kondo K, Matsuoka T, Nakamura H, Nakatsutsumi M, Norreys PA, Norimatsu T, Snavely RA, Stephens RB, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T. Plasma devices to guide and collimate a high density of MeV electrons. Nature 2005; 432:1005-8. [PMID: 15616556 DOI: 10.1038/nature03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of ultra-intense lasers has facilitated new studies in laboratory astrophysics and high-density nuclear science, including laser fusion. Such research relies on the efficient generation of enormous numbers of high-energy charged particles. For example, laser-matter interactions at petawatt (10(15) W) power levels can create pulses of MeV electrons with current densities as large as 10(12) A cm(-2). However, the divergence of these particle beams usually reduces the current density to a few times 10(6) A cm(-2) at distances of the order of centimetres from the source. The invention of devices that can direct such intense, pulsed energetic beams will revolutionize their applications. Here we report high-conductivity devices consisting of transient plasmas that increase the energy density of MeV electrons generated in laser-matter interactions by more than one order of magnitude. A plasma fibre created on a hollow-cone target guides and collimates electrons in a manner akin to the control of light by an optical fibre and collimator. Such plasma devices hold promise for applications using high energy-density particles and should trigger growth in charged particle optics.
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Habara H, Lancaster KL, Karsch S, Murphy CD, Norreys PA, Evans RG, Borghesi M, Romagnani L, Zepf M, Norimatsu T, Toyama Y, Kodama R, King JA, Snavely R, Akli K, Zhang B, Freeman R, Hatchett S, MacKinnon AJ, Patel P, Key MH, Stoeckl C, Stephens RB, Fonseca RA, Silva LO. Ion acceleration from the shock front induced by hole boring in ultraintense laser-plasma interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 70:046414. [PMID: 15600537 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.046414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ion-acceleration processes have been studied in ultraintense laser plasma interactions for normal incidence irradiation of solid deuterated targets via neutron spectroscopy. The experimental neutron spectra strongly suggest that the ions are preferentially accelerated radially, rather than into the bulk of the material from three-dimensional Monte Carlo fitting of the neutron spectra. Although the laser system has a 10(-7) contrast ratio, a two-dimensional magnetic hydrodynamics simulation shows that the laser pedestal generates a 10 mum scale length in the coronal plasma with a 3 mum scale-length plasma near the critical density. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, incorporating this realistic density profile, indicate that the acceleration of the ions is caused by a collisionless shock formation. This has implications for modeling energy transport in solid density plasmas as well as cone-focused fast ignition using the next generation PW lasers currently under construction.
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Zheng J, Tanaka KA, Sato T, Yabuuchi T, Kurahashi T, Kitagawa Y, Kodama R, Norimatsu T, Yamanaka T. Study of hot electrons by measurement of optical emission from the rear surface of a metallic foil irradiated with ultraintense laser pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:165001. [PMID: 15169237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons and optical emission are measured from the rear surface of a metallic foil. The spectra of the optical emission in the near infrared region have a sharp spike around the wavelength of the incident laser pulse. The optical emission is ascribed to coherent transition radiation due to microbunching in the hot electron beam. It is found that the optical emission closely correlates with the hot electrons accelerated in resonance absorption.
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Okihara S, Esirkepov TZ, Nagai K, Shimizu S, Sato F, Hashida M, Iida T, Nishihara K, Norimatsu T, Izawa Y, Sakabe S. Ion generation in a low-density plastic foam by interaction with intense femtosecond laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:026401. [PMID: 14995560 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Energetic proton generation in low-density plastic (C5H10) foam by intense femtosecond laser pulse irradiation has been studied experimentally and numerically. Plastic foam was successfully produced by a sol-gel method, achieving an average density of 10 mg/cm(3). The foam target was irradiated by 100 fs pulses of a laser intensity 1 x 10(18) W/cm(2). A plateau structure extending up to 200 keV was observed in the energy distribution of protons generated from the foam target, with the plateau shape well explained by Coulomb explosion of lamella in the foam. The laser-foam interaction and ion generation were studied qualitatively by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, which indicated that energetic protons are mainly generated by the Coulomb explosion. From the results, the efficiency of energetic ion generation in a low-density foam target by Coulomb explosion is expected to be higher than in a gas-cluster target.
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Goodin D, Nobile A, Hoffer J, Nikroo A, Besenbruch G, Brown L, Maxwell J, Meier W, Norimatsu T, Pulsifer J, Rickman W, Steckle W, Stephens E, Tillack M. Addressing the issues of target fabrication and injection for inertial fusion energy. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Izumi N, Sentoku Y, Habara H, Takahashi K, Ohtani F, Sonomoto T, Kodama R, Norimatsu T, Fujita H, Kitagawa Y, Mima K, Tanaka KA, Yamanaka T. Observation of neutron spectrum produced by fast deuterons via ultraintense laser plasma interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:036413. [PMID: 11909268 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.036413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first precise spectral measurement of fast neutrons produced in a deuterated plastic target irradiated by an ultraintense sub-picosecond laser pulse. The 500-fs, 50-J, 1054-nm laser pulse was focused on the deuterated polystyrene target with an intensity of 2 x 10(19) W/cm(2). The neutron spectra were observed at 55 degrees and 90 degrees to the rear target normal. The neutron emission was 7 x 10(4) per steradian for each detector. The observed neutron spectra prove the acceleration of deuterons and neutron production by d(d,n)3He reactions in the target. The neutron spectra were compared with Monte Carlo simulation results and the deuteron's directional anisotropy and energy spectrum were studied. We conclude that 2% of the laser energy was converted to deuterons, which has an energy range of 30 keV up to 3 MeV.
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Kang YG, Nishihara K, Nishimura H, Takabe H, Sunahara A, Norimatsu T, Nagai K, Kim H, Nakatsuka M, Kong HJ, Zabusky NJ. Blast-wave-sphere interaction using a laser-produced plasma: an experiment motivated by supernova 1987A. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:047402. [PMID: 11690182 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.047402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present x-ray shadowgraphs from a high Mach number ( approximately 20) laboratory environment that simulate outward flowing ejecta matter from supernovae that interact with ambient cloud matter. Using a laser-plastic foil interaction, we generate a "complex" blast wave (a supersonic flow containing forward and reverse shock waves and a contact discontinuity between them) that interacts with a high-density (100 times ambient) sphere. The experimental results, including vorticity localization, compare favorably with two-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations.
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Norimatsu T, Nagai K, Takaki T, Yamanaka T. Issues in capsule fabrication and injection into a wet-walled IFE reactor. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kodama R, Norreys PA, Mima K, Dangor AE, Evans RG, Fujita H, Kitagawa Y, Krushelnick K, Miyakoshi T, Miyanaga N, Norimatsu T, Rose SJ, Shozaki T, Shigemori K, Sunahara A, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Toyama Y, Yamanaka T, Zepf M. Fast heating of ultrahigh-density plasma as a step towards laser fusion ignition. Nature 2001; 412:798-802. [PMID: 11518960 DOI: 10.1038/35090525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern high-power lasers can generate extreme states of matter that are relevant to astrophysics, equation-of-state studies and fusion energy research. Laser-driven implosions of spherical polymer shells have, for example, achieved an increase in density of 1,000 times relative to the solid state. These densities are large enough to enable controlled fusion, but to achieve energy gain a small volume of compressed fuel (known as the 'spark') must be heated to temperatures of about 108 K (corresponding to thermal energies in excess of 10 keV). In the conventional approach to controlled fusion, the spark is both produced and heated by accurately timed shock waves, but this process requires both precise implosion symmetry and a very large drive energy. In principle, these requirements can be significantly relaxed by performing the compression and fast heating separately; however, this 'fast ignitor' approach also suffers drawbacks, such as propagation losses and deflection of the ultra-intense laser pulse by the plasma surrounding the compressed fuel. Here we employ a new compression geometry that eliminates these problems; we combine production of compressed matter in a laser-driven implosion with picosecond-fast heating by a laser pulse timed to coincide with the peak compression. Our approach therefore permits efficient compression and heating to be carried out simultaneously, providing a route to efficient fusion energy production.
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Nagai K, Nakajima M, Norimatsu T, Izawa Y, Yamanaka T. Solvent removal during curing process of highly spheric and monodispersed-sized polystyrene capsules from density-matched emulsions composed of water and benzene/1,2-dichloroethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0518(20000915)38:18<3412::aid-pola210>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Norimatsu T, Izawa Y, Mima K, Gresho PM. Modeling of the Centering Force in a Compound Emulsion to Make Uniform Plastic Shells for Laser Fusion Targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.13182/fst99-a11963918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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