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Imamura Y, Migita T, Uriu Y, Otagiri M, Okawara T. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on rabbit heart carbonyl reductase. J Biochem 2000; 127:653-8. [PMID: 10739958 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of flavonoids (galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, morin, and taxifolin) on rabbit heart carbonyl reductase (RHCR) were investigated using 4-benzoylpyridine (4BP) as the substrate. The stereochemical characteristics of the flavonoids were found to be a factor determining their inhibitory potencies toward RHCR. Furthermore, the lipophilicity, and the scavenging or antioxidative effects of the flavonoids were likely to complicate the structure-activity relationship of their inhibitory effects on RHCR. Quercetin inhibited RHCR uncompetitively with respect to NADPH and competitively with respect to 4BP, suggesting that it competes with 4BP at the substrate-binding site of RHCR. RHCR efficiently reduced benzoquinones (1,4-benzoquinone and 2-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) and naphthoquinones (1,4-naphthoquinone and menadione). Galangin was a potent inhibitor of RHCR when menadione was used as the substrate, and prevented the formation of the superoxide anion radical in the presence of RHCR, NADPH, and menadione. Flavonoids may be useful compounds for suppressing the cardiotoxicity of quinones by inhibiting RHCR.
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Liu Q, Zhou YH, Xuan B, Chiou GC, Okawara T. Effects of interleukin-1 blockers on corneal fibroblast proliferation in vitro and ocular inflammation in vivo. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2000; 16:81-96. [PMID: 10673135 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2000.16.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of keratorefractive surgical procedures is limited by the wound healing process in the corneal stroma. The proliferation and matrix synthesis of corneal stromal fibroblasts is the central element of the wound healing process that is triggered by an initial inflammation. In order to develop new therapeutic strategies to reduce wound healing intensity, we investigated the effect of newly synthesized interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers on the proliferation of cultured rabbit corneal fibroblasts and the ocular inflammation induced by IL-1. It was found that the addition of IL-1 blockers, such as CK-135 to CK-145, led to a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation after 24, 48 and 72 hr of incubation. The isotope incorporation study showed that the syntheses ofDNA and mRNA were suppressed whereas that of protein was enhanced or unaffected. These compounds also demonstrated a potent anti-inflammation action in the rat uveitis model. Our results indicate that CK (Chiou-Kumamoto) compounds may be valuable therapeutic agents for the prevention of postoperative complications after corneal keratorefractive surgical procedures.
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Chiou GC, Zhou YH, Xuan B, Yamasaki T, Okawara T. Suppression of interleukin-1alpha-induced uveitis and inhibition of fibroblast-like cell proliferation by synthetic interleukin-1 blockers. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1999; 15:351-62. [PMID: 10463874 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1999.15.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To treat uveitis and prolong the functional life of filtration surgery on glaucomatous eyes, some interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers were used to inhibit IL-1-induced uveitis in rat eyes and to suppress proliferation of fibroblast-like corneal and conjunctival cells in the cell cultures, respectively. It was found in this research that the blood-aqueous barrier can be broken by IL-1alpha to allow fluorescein to enter the eyeballs and to be detected by fluorotron. The uveitis was effectively blocked by the IL-1 blockers studied in this research. It was also noted that the proliferation of fibroblast-like corneal and conjunctival cells was effectively inhibited by IL-1 blockers. The inhibition of cell growth seems to be caused primarily by the inhibition of RNA synthesis. There was a significant difference in the potency of IL-1 blockers to inhibit corneal vs. conjunctival cells. It was noted that conjunctival cells were more easily inhibited by IL-1 blockers than corneal cells. These results indicate that IL-1 blockers can suppress the proliferation of conjunctival cells at dose levels which do not affect the normal cell growth of corneal cells.
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Chiou GC, Xuan B, Yamasaki T, Okawara T. Anti-inflammation and antifibroblastic actions of interleukin-1 blockers. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1998; 14:375-88. [PMID: 9715441 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1998.14.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers, CK 127 and CK 129, were found to inhibit IL-1-induced posterior uveitis very effectively at 3-10 mg/kg i.p. and were more potent than prednisolone which required at least 20 mg/kg i.p. to achieve the same level of anti-uveitis action. CK 127 and CK 129 were also found to be effective in inhibiting fibroblast-like corneal cells at 30-300 micrograms/ml and conjunctival cells at 0.3-10 micrograms/ml. These results indicate that IL-1 blockers are more potent in inhibiting the cell growth of conjunctival cells than that of corneal cells. From in vitro cell culture experiments, it was found that inhibition of cell growth could be due primarily to the inhibition of DNA. Although the inhibition of cell growth was due mainly to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, mRNA synthesis was also markedly inhibited. In both cells, the protein synthesis was unaffected in a few cases and markedly stimulated in most cases.
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Xuan B, Chiou GC, Chen Z, Yamasaki T, Okawara T. Effective treatment of experimental uveitis with interleukin-1 blockers, CK 123 and CK 124. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1998; 14:31-44. [PMID: 9493781 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1998.14.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers are known to inhibit IL-1-induced uveitis. CK 123 and CK 124 are new IL-1 blockers which showed potent anti-uveitis actions that are more potent than the classic corticosteroid, prednisolone. In addition to anti-inflammation, CK 123 and CK 124 were also found to inhibit proliferation of fibroblast-like corneal and conjunctival cells, indicating that these compounds could be used not only as anti-uveitis agents but also as useful agents to prolong the functional period of aqueous humor outflow after trabeculectomy. It was also found that DNA and mRNA synthesis were markedly inhibited by CK 123 and CK 124, yet the protein synthesis was either untouched or enhanced.
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Yamasaki T, Nishida K, Okamoto Y, Okawara T, Furukawa M. A New Approach to Fused 1,2-Diazepines by Cyclization of Enhydrazines with a- and b-Keto Esters. HETEROCYCLES 1998. [DOI: 10.3987/com-97-s(n)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Chiou GC, Chen Z, Xuan B, Yamasaki T, Okawara T. Antagonism of interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced uveitis with synthetic IL-1 blockers. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1997; 13:427-33. [PMID: 9326724 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1997.13.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the discovery of potent interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocking effects by CK-103A (4,6-dihydropyridazino[4,5-c]pyridazin-5 (1H)-ones) on rat uveitis induced by IL-1, numerous derivatives of CK-103A have been synthesized and their efficacies on the same animal model studied. The uveitis was induced by injection of 1 ng IL-1/10 microliters intravitreally. The inflammation reached peak at 12 hr after the injection of IL-1. The prevention/blockade of IL-1-induced uveitis was measured at this peak inflammation time point. It was found that 8 out of 12 CK-analogs studied produced an effective blockade of IL-1-induced uveitis. Most of them were at least equipotent or even more potent than prednisolone in blocking IL-1-induced uveitis. It is concluded that most dihydropyridazinopyridazin derivatives are effective anti-uveitis compounds. Some could be found to be safe and useful for the treatment of this dreadful disease.
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Okamoto Y, Kaneda Y, Yamasaki T, Okawara T, Furukawa M. Simple preparation of fused pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrrolidinones and pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazinones 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a607816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Okawara T, Ehara S, Kagotani H, Okamoto Y, Eto M, Harano K, Yamasaki T, Furukawa M. Preparation and Stereochemistry of Dioxatetraazaperhydroanthracenes and -perylenes from the Reaction of 2-Hydrazinoethanols with Aldehydes and Glutaraldehyde. J Org Chem 1996; 61:4125-4129. [PMID: 11667293 DOI: 10.1021/jo951878p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazinoethanols 1 were reacted with aldehydes 2 and 6 and glutaraldehyde (14) in aqueous solution to give dioxatetraazaperhydroanthracenes 3, 7, 12, and 13 and -perylenes 15 in yields of 19-88 and 42-72%, respectively. Compounds 3, 7, 12, and 15 were deduced by (13)C-NMR spectra to have two C(2) symmetry axes, while compound 12 was shown to have a symmetry axis by X-ray crystallography. The most favorable stereoisomers were consistent with predictions obtained by the semiempirical molecular orbital method AM1. The structure of compound 15 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Okawara T, Okamoto Y, Ehara S, Yamasaki T, Furukawa M. Saturated Polyheteroperylenes from the Reaction of Glyoxal and Pyruvaldehyde with 3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)- and 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamines and Prediction of Their Stereochemistry. HETEROCYCLES 1996. [DOI: 10.3987/com-96-7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okawara T, Okamoto Y, Ehara S, Yamasaki T, Furukawa M. 2:2 Condensation Products from the Reaction of N-Substituted 1,2-Diaminoethanes and 1,3-Diaminopropanes with Succinaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde. HETEROCYCLES 1996. [DOI: 10.3987/com-96-7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okawara T, Okamoto Y, Furukawa M. A Short Three Components Approach to Fused Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrrolidinone. HETEROCYCLES 1996. [DOI: 10.3987/com-96-7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Furukawa M, Yamasaki T, Oda M, Okamoto Y, Okawara T. A New Synthetic Approach to Fused 1,4-Dihydropyridazines. HETEROCYCLES 1996. [DOI: 10.3987/com-96-7405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Furukawa M, Yamasaki T, Yoshihara Y, Okamoto Y, Okawara T. One-Pot Synthesis of New Spiro- and Tricyclic Pyridazino[4,5-c]pyridazinones. HETEROCYCLES 1996. [DOI: 10.3987/com-96-7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okawara T, Matsumoto S, Eto M, Harano K, Furukawa M. A Simple Preparation of 3-Carbamoylfuro[2,3-b]quinoxalin-2-ones. HETEROCYCLES 1995. [DOI: 10.3987/com-95-7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Okawara T, Takaishi H, Okamoto Y, Yamasaki T, Furukawa M. Preparation and Stereochemistry of 1,4,8,11-Tetraazaperhydropyrene Derivatives from N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine. HETEROCYCLES 1995. [DOI: 10.3987/com-95-7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Okawara T, Ehara S, Takenaka A, Hiwatashi T, Furukawa M. The First Formation of Diazepinodiazepine and Diazepinodiazocine from Allenedicarboxylate and Acyclic Triamines and Their Conversion to 12- and 13-Membered Ring Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 1995. [DOI: 10.3987/com-95-7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rohde BH, Okawara T, Varma RS, Chiou GC. Effect of some phytogenic agents and synthetic compounds on complement cascade-mediated hemolysis. Ophthalmic Res 1994; 26:116-23. [PMID: 8196933 DOI: 10.1159/000267401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A variety of anti-inflammatory compounds obtained from various medicinal plants (phytogenic) as well as some synthetic compounds were tested on the complement cascade in vitro. Bovine erythrocytes were treated with rabbit antibovine red blood cell antibody. Rabbit plasma was diluted with veronal buffer and mixed with erythrocytes in the presence or absence of drugs and incubated. Erythrocytes were pelleted and the absorbance of the supernatant at 412 nm determined. Drugs could be grouped into three categories; (a) those with no effect whatsoever; (b) those which produced definite enhancement of the release of hemoglobin by the complement cascade, and (c) prednisolone, which inhibited the release of hemoglobin by the complement cascade. We suggest that prednisolone and the drugs which had no effect on the complement cascade are safer to use as anti-inflammatory agents, while drugs enhancing the complement cascade may have potential adverse properties.
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Chiou GC, Yao QS, Chang MS, Okawara T. Prevention and treatment of ocular inflammation with a new class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 10:335-47. [PMID: 8207338 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1994.10.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
New non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) were tested on lens protein-, endotoxin- and interleukin-1-induced ocular inflammation. It was found that most NSAIAs, including REV 5901, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, CK-17 and CK-102, inhibited lens protein-induced inflammation. Endotoxin induced inflammation indirectly through the release of IL-1 which was inhibited by fewer agents, including CK-17, CK-102 and prednisolone. However, the direct effect of IL-1 can only be suppressed by CK-17 and prednisolone. Therefore, CK-17 could become an important NSAIA which acts similarly to corticosteroids yet produces no steroidal side effects. CK-17 was different from most NSAIAs as it affected little, if any, arachidonate metabolism. Most importantly, CK-17 was found to be 2-fold more potent than prednisolone in inhibiting IL-1-induced uveitis, while no side effects were noted at doses tested to date.
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Chiou GC, Yao QS, Okawara T. Prevention of ocular inflammation induced by lens protein, endotoxin, and interleukin-1 with synthetic interleukin-1 blockers. JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 10:577-86. [PMID: 7836867 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1994.10.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents, yet they produce serious side effects. Although arachidonate metabolite blockers have been developed for the treatment of inflammation, they are much less potent than corticosteroids. Furthermore, they still process serious side effects. In search of potent and safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIA), interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers have been developed. Among 121 CK-analogs studied, CK-17, CK-101A and CK103A have been identified as promising anti-inflammatory agents as potent as prednisolone in inhibiting lens proteins-induced inflammation and twice as potent as prednisolone in inhibiting endotoxin-and IL-1-induced uveitis. No serious side effects could be noticed with the doses of these compounds tested to date. These results indicate that the development of potent NSAIAs is feasible. Moreover, these compounds are not related to arachidonate metabolites.
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Yamasaki T, Yoshihara Y, Okamoto Y, Okawara T, Furukawa M. A new approach to the synthesis of pyridazino[4,5-c]pyridazinones. J Heterocycl Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570290543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Kabashima S, Okawara T, Yamasaki T, Furukawa M. Novel heterocyclization of 4-phenylthiosemicarbazones and related compounds with chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Yamasaki T, Kawaminami E, Uchimura F, Okawara T, Furukawa M. A novel synthesis of 2-arylaminothiazolo[4,5-d]pyridazinones. J Heterocycl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Yamasaki T, Kawaminami E, Yamada T, Okawara T, Furukawa M. Novel heterocyclization of hydrazinopyridazinones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with dehydrogenation and rearrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p19910000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Tomita Y, Kabashima S, Okawara T, Yamasaki T, Furukawa M. Heterocyclization of 2,4-disubstituted thiosemicarbazides with haloketones. J Heterocycl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570270343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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