Transition-Metal-Free O-Arylation of Alcohols and Phenols with S-Arylphenothiaziniums

Herein, we report the transition-metal-free O-arylation of alcohols and phenols with S-arylphenothiaziniums, which can be easily synthesized from boronic acids. Aryl substituents derived from arylboronic acids were selectively introduced into the hydroxy groups in alcohols and phenols, and a variety of aryl ethers were synthesized. This selectivity is supported by theoretical calculations.

Low risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma among patients with ultrashort-segment Barrett's esophagus in Japan

OBJECTS

Ultrashort-segment Barrett's esophagus (USSBE; length of <1 cm) is very frequently diagnosed in Japan, but the cancer risk of USSBE is unknown. In this study, by retrieving endoscopic images, we retrospectively investigated the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) by the grade of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and compared the findings with those of gastric cancer by the degree of endoscopic gastric atrophy in the same population.

METHODS

Among consecutive participants who had undergone endoscopy for an annual health checkup in 2014, the 9121 who had received at least one follow-up endoscopy by December 2020 were enrolled in this study. Using the retrieved endoscopic images, we retrospectively evaluated BE and gastric atrophy. Information on the subsequent occurrence of EAC and gastric cancer as of December 2020 was also collected. The incidence of cancer by the extent of BE and gastric atrophy was calculated and expressed as the percentage per year.

RESULTS

On reviewing the endoscopic image in 2014, 4190 (45.9%) were found to have been diagnosed with BE, of whom 3318 (36.4%) were judged to have USSBE. During an observation period of 54.1 (17.9) months, 89 gastric cancers and only two EACs were identified. The incidence of EAC in USSBE was 0.0068%/year, which was nearly as low as the incidence of gastric cancer in atrophy-free patients (0.0068% vs. 0.0059%/year).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the prevalence of USSBE is quite high (36.4%), the incidence of EAC in USSBE is very low (0.0068%/year). Accordingly, USSBE can be excluded from targets for endoscopic surveillance in Japan.

High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, M_W, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain [Formula: see text], the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation.

Intraventricular pressure gradient: a promising tool to predict the post-infarction chronic congestive heart failure in rats

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF), the main reason for morbidity and mortality, is considered a serious consequence of myocardial infarction (MI). The use of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) as a chief indicator of CHF becomes limited because of the possible impairment of cardiac function and induced aortic valve damage during its recording. Echocardiography is the gold standard approach to diagnose structural myocardial dysfunction. However, its ability to predict chronic CHF following MI is still limited. Recently, intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) was presented as a non-invasive, highly sensitive preload-independent diastolic function parameter to assess cardiac function, especially during cardiomyopathy. However, there have not been any investigations demonstrating the feasibility of IVPG in the evaluation of post-infarction chronic CHF.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the utility of IVPG to assess the heart function in a rat model with chronic CHF following MI with evaluating its capacity to predict these changes.

Methods

Fifty male rats were included. MI was induced via ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) at the level of the atrioventricular junction (MI animals, n = 35). Sham animals were subjected to the same left thoracotomy procedure without LAD ligation (Sham animals, n = 15). Transthoracic conventional echocardiography and colour M-mode echocardiography (CMME) for IVPG were performed in all animals 6 months post-surgery. The next day, animals were anesthetized, ventilated, and euthanized after the recording of hemodynamics. The heart weight, and lung and liver wet-to-dry weight ratios were recorded. J-tree cluster-analysis was performed based on ten echocardiographic variables indicative of CHF.

Results

Based on the cluster analysis, animals were joined into two clusters; CHF+ (n = 22) and named MI/HF+, and CHF- (n = 28) that was joined from sham (n = 15), and MI/HF- (n = 13). MI/HF+ presented the most severe anatomical and echocardiographic changes indicative of CHF with significant reduction of all IVPG indices and impairment of the hemodynamics. The IVPG indices were significantly (P&lt; 0.0001) correlated with the anatomical and echocardiographic findings, LVDP, LVEDP, HR, -dP/dtmin, and Tau. Meanwhile, LVSP was only significantly correlated with apical IVPG (R = 0.677, P = 0.022). dP/dtmax was significantly correlated with total IVPG, basal IVPG, and apical IVPG (R = 0.797, P = 0.017, R = 0.724, P = 0.003, and R = 0.652, P = 0.026 ; respectively). Moreover, total, basal, mid-to-apical, mid-, and apical IVPG were significant (P&lt; 0.0001) predictors of chronic CHF following MI.

Conclusion

Compared to the structural, and functional indices of conventional echocardiography, IVPG derived from CMME could provide a substantial non-invasive tool to diagnose and predict CHF after long-term MI.

Adequate Protein Intake on Comprehensive Frailty in Older Adults: Kyoto-Kameoka Study

OBJECTIVES

Defining an adequate protein intake in older adults remains unresolved. We examined the association between calibrated protein intake and comprehensive frailty by sex in the Kyoto-Kameoka study.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study of baseline data.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

The study included 5679 Japanese participants aged 65 years or older.

METHODS

Calibration coefficients were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and 7-day dietary records as a reference. Comprehensive frailty was evaluated using the 25-item Kihon Checklist (KCL) and defined as a total KCL score of ≥7points. Sex-specific calibrated protein intakes were presented as % of energy, per kg of actual body weight (BW), and per kg of ideal BW.

RESULTS

Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that calibrated protein intake is inversely associated with comprehensive frailty. The association between protein intake and comprehensive frailty was also evaluated using curve fitting with non-linear regression, a weak U-shaped association was found in males and an L-shaped association in females. Men had a low prevalence of frailty at a calibrated protein intake of 15-17% energy from protein, 1.2 g/kg actual BW/day, or 1.4 g/kg ideal BW/day, and women had a low prevalence of frailty at 17-21% energy from protein or 1.6 g/kg ideal BW/day, with the prevalence of frailty remaining unchanged at higher protein intakes. Meanwhile, the inverse relationship between protein intake per ABW and frailty showed a gradual decrease at 1.4 g/kg ABW/day for protein in women.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

A non-linear relationship was found between calibrated protein intake and frailty, with a U-shaped association in men and an L-shaped association in women. Adequate protein intake in healthy Japanese older adults was higher than the current recommended daily allowance.

N-Methylphenothiazine S-Oxide Enabled Oxidative C(sp2)-C(sp2) Coupling of Boronic Acids with Organolithiums via Phenothiaziniums

Herein, we report the development of a transition-metal-free oxidative C(sp²)-C(sp²) coupling of readily available boronic acids and organolithiums via phenothiazinium ions. Various biaryl, styrene, and diene derivatives were obtained using this reaction system. The key to this process is N-methylphenothiazine S-oxide (PTZSO), which allows efficient conversion of boronic acids to phenothiazinium ions. The mechanism of phenothiazinium formation using PTZSO was investigated using theoretical calculations and experiments, which provided insight into the unique reactivity of PTZSO.

Hybridization of Bogoliubov Quasiparticles between Adjacent CuO_{2} Layers in the Triple-Layer Cuprate Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{2}Cu_{3}O_{10+δ} Studied by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

Hybridization of Bogoliubov quasiparticles (BQPs) between the CuO_{2} layers in the triple-layer cuprate high-temperature superconductor Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Cu_{2}Cu_{3}O_{10+δ} is studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). In the superconducting state, an anticrossing gap opens between the outer- and inner-BQP bands, which we attribute primarily to interlayer single-particle hopping with possible contributions from interlayer Cooper pairing. We find that the d-wave superconducting gap of both BQP bands smoothly develops with momentum without an abrupt jump in contrast to a previous ARPES study. Hybridization between the BQPs also gradually increases in going from the off nodal to the antinodal region, which is explained by the momentum dependence of the interlayer single-particle hopping. As possible mechanisms for the enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature, the hybridization between the BQPs as well as the combination of phonon modes of the triple CuO_{2} layers and spin fluctuations represented by a four-well model are discussed.

Influence of renal dysfunction on clinical outcomes in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a subanalysis of the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled ELDERCARE-AF trial

Background

Renal dysfunction is common in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is thought to be associated with increased risk of thromboembolic and bleeding events. Once-daily low-dose (15 mg) edoxaban was superior to placebo in preventing stroke or systemic embolic events (S/SEE) without significantly increasing major bleeding events in very elderly (≥80 years) non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients in whom standard oral anticoagulant therapy at approved doses was inappropriate (ELDERCARE-AF trial). Little is known about how renal dysfunction affects the effects of low-dose edoxaban in these patients.

Purpose

We used prespecified subgroup analysis to investigate the relation between renal function (assessed by creatinine clearance, CrCl) and the efficacy and safety of edoxaban in elderly NVAF patients.

Methods

ELDERCARE-AF patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to baseline CrCl: normal renal function/mild dysfunction (CrCl &gt;50 mL/min), moderate renal dysfunction (CrCl ≥30 to ≤50 [“30–50”] mL/min) and severe renal dysfunction (CrCl ≥15 to &lt;30 [“15–30”] mL/min). Primary efficacy and safety endpoints were annualized incidence of S/SEE and ISTH-defined major bleeding, respectively.

Results

Of 984 patients randomized to edoxaban 15 mg or placebo (each group N=492), 681 completed the trial. The 303 discontinuations were due to withdrawal of consent (n=158), death (n=135), or other causes (n=10). Discontinuation rate was the same in the edoxaban and placebo groups. S/SEE incidence in patients with CrCl &gt;50, 30–50 and 15–30 mL/min was 2.0%, 1.3% and 3.5%, respectively, in edoxaban, and 4.4%, 4.6% and 9.7%, respectively, in placebo. In those with CrCl 30–50 and 15–30 mL/min, it was significantly lower in edoxaban than in placebo (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.30 [95% CI, 0.10–0.91], p=0.03; and 0.33 [95% CI, 0.16–0.71], p&lt;0.01, respectively). Incidence of major bleeding in patients with CrCl &gt;50, 30–50 and 15–30 mL/min was 1.0%, 1.8% and 6.2%, respectively, in edoxaban, and 0.9%, 1.5% and 2.4%, respectively, in placebo. Incidence of major bleeding in those with CrCl 15–30 mL/min was higher in edoxaban but not significantly (adjusted HR, 2.53 [95% CI, 0.96–6.72], p=0.062). Incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with CrCl 15–30 mL/min was 4.3% in edoxaban and 1.6% in placebo (adjusted HR, 2.61 [95% CI, 0.79–8.68], p=0.12). Incidence of all-cause death in patients with CrCl &gt;50, 30–50 and 15–30 mL/min was 5.8%, 6.8% and 15.2%, respectively, in edoxaban, and 7.0%, 6.3% and 15.5%, respectively, in placebo (no significant intergroup differences).

Conclusions

Incidence of S/SEE, major bleeding and all-cause death increased with declining renal function in elderly NVAF patients. Edoxaban 15 mg remained superior to placebo in preventing S/SEE, even in those with moderate to severe renal dysfunction. Incidence of major bleeding in patients with severe renal dysfunction was higher (non-significantly) with edoxaban than with placebo.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Nivolumab with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab for first-line treatment of advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND

This international, randomized, double-blind phase III study (ONO-4538-52/TASUKI-52) evaluated nivolumab with bevacizumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy as first-line treatment for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Between June 2017 and July 2019, this study enrolled treatment-naïve patients with stage IIIB/IV or recurrent nonsquamous NSCLC without sensitizing EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations. They were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to receive nivolumab or placebo in combination with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab every 3 weeks for up to six cycles, followed by nivolumab/placebo with bevacizumab until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by an independent radiology review committee (IRRC).

RESULTS

Overall, 550 patients from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan were randomized; of these patients, 273 and 275 received the nivolumab and placebo combinations, respectively. In the present preplanned interim analysis with a median follow up of 13.7 months, the IRRC-assessed median PFS was significantly longer in the nivolumab arm than in the placebo arm (12.1 versus 8.1 months; hazard ratio 0.56; 96.4% confidence interval 0.43-0.71; P < 0.0001). The PFS benefit was observed across all patients with any programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels including PD-L1-negative patients. The IRRC-assessed objective response rates were 61.5% and 50.5% in the nivolumab and placebo arms, respectively. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 was comparable between the two arms; treatment-related adverse events leading to death were observed in five and four patients in the nivolumab and placebo arms, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The TASUKI-52 regimen should be considered a viable new treatment strategy for treatment-naïve patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.

POS1482-HPR PAIN CATASTROPHIZING IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDUAL PAIN AFTER REACHING IMPROVED CONDITIONS OF SWOLLEN/TENDER JOINTS AND SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL

Background:

It has long been recognized that immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are prone to coexist with depression due to the effects of cytokines, and that these two illnesses lead to an elevation in patients’ pain. However, we often encounter patients with RA who suffer from residual pain despite an improvement in disease activity and inflammation. The specific psychological factors associated with residual pain have not yet been clarified. In addition to the traditional psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety, we focused on pain catastrophizing due to the distortion of pain perception and explored its association with residual pain.

Objectives:

To examine whether psychological factors, such as pain catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety, are associated with self-reported pain visual analogue scale (pain-VAS) scores in RA patients with 1 or less on 28joints- swollen/tender counts (SJC/TJC) and CRP.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of 290 RA outpatients (85% of whom were women) with scores of less than 1 on SJC, TJC, and CRP, with a median (IQR) age of 66 (57–73) years. The participants completed questionnaires, including pain VAS (0–100 mm), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS, 0–52 scale), and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS, 0–42 scale). Using linear regression analyses, we analysed whether PC (PCS ≥30), depression (HADS-D ≥11), and anxiety (HADS-A ≥11) (independent variables) were associated with pain VAS scores (dependent variable). After univariate regression analysis, multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding factors was performed.

Results:

Patients reported a wide range of pain severity with a median (range) pain VAS score of 9 (0–96mm). The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 5.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, 24.1% of the patients experienced pain catastrophizing. Pain catastrophizing was associated with pain VAS scores in univariate and multivariate analyses (Table 1). The presence of anxiety and depression was not associated with pain VAS scores in any model. Multivariate analysis of other covariates showed that age, disease duration, and presence of SJC/TJC of joints other than the 28 joints were positively correlated with pain VAS scores.

Table 1.

Univariate and multivariate regression analysis for independent variables associated with pain-VAS scores

UnivariateMultivariate independent variablesModel 1*Model 2**Pain catastrophizingEstimate3.74.13.695%CI 0.7 to 6.61.1 to 7.00.5 to 6.6p-value0.0150.0060.021AnxietyEstimate3.74.40.595%CI -1.9 to 9.2 -1.0 to 9.9 -3.5 to 7.9p value0.1980.1080.453DepressionEstimate3.54.23.995%CI -1.9 to 8.9 -1.1 to 9.5 -1.9 to 8.7p-value0.2040.1190.210

The covariates in multivariate analysis are as follows: age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, Steinbrocker’s Stage, prednisolone dosage, biologic agents use, and presence of swollen joint counts/tender joint counts of joints other than the 28 joints.

*Model 1: each psychological independent variable and the above covariates.

**Model 2: all psychological independent variables and the above covariates.

Conclusion:

Pain catastrophizing was associated with pain VAS scores in RA patients with 1 or less on 28joints-SJC/TJC and CRP, emphasising that residual pain in the patients should be treated in a biopsychosocial framework focussing on pain catastrophizing.

Disclosure of Interests:

Tamami Yoshida: None declared, Motomu Hashimoto Speakers bureau: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eisai Co., Ltd.; and Eli Lilly and Company., Grant/research support from: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eisai Co., Ltd.; and Eli Lilly and Company., Kosaku Murakami Speakers bureau: Eisai Co., Ltd.; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Pfizer Inc.; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co; UCB Japan Co., Ltd.; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.; and Astellas Pharma Inc., Consultant of: Eisai Co., Ltd.; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Pfizer Inc.; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co; UCB Japan Co., Ltd.; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.; and Astellas Pharma Inc., Koichi Murata Speakers bureau: Eisai Co., Ltd. and Astellas Pharma Inc., Consultant of: Eisai Co., Ltd. and Astellas Pharma Inc., Kohei Nishitani Grant/research support from: Asahi-Kasei Pharma., Ryu Watanabe Speakers bureau: Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co; Pfizer Inc.; Sanofi S.A.; AbbVie GK; Asahi Kasei Pharma; Eisai Co., Ltd.; Eli Lilly and Company; Bristol-Myers Squibb; and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Teruhide Koyama: None declared, Ritei Uehara: None declared, Masao Tanaka Speakers bureau: AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma., Astellas Pharma Inc., Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Novartis Pharma K.K., Pfizer Inc., Taisyo Pharma., Ltd., UCB Japan Co., Ltd., Grant/research support from: AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma., Astellas Pharma Inc., Ayumi Pharmaceutical Co., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Novartis Pharma K.K., Pfizer Inc., Taisyo Pharma., Ltd., UCB Japan Co., Ltd., Hiromu Ito Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai Co, Taisyo Pharma., and Mochida., Shuichi Matsuda: None declared

POS0824 THE LONG-TERM CLINICAL COURSE OF MUSCULAR VASCULITIS DEPENDING ON THE ANTI-NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY STATUS: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background:

Skeletal muscle is known as one of the organ involvements of primary systemic vasculitis.1,2 Muscle inflammation is detected by magnetic resonance imaging, and necrotizing vasculitis is proved by muscle biopsy.3 As with systemic vasculitis or single organ vasculitis, glucocorticoid (GC) and immunosuppressants are used in its treatment.4 There are not many reports about muscular vasculitis, and its long-term clinical course after initial treatment, including the rates of relapse and mortality, remains unclear.

Objectives:

To identify the predictors of relapse and mortality in patients with muscular vasculitis, especially focusing on the status of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with necrotizing vasculitis with muscle involvements in our hospital between 2004 and 2020. In all cases, muscular vasculitis was identified by muscle biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging. To focus on the clinical features of muscular vasculitis, we excluded patients with such severe organ involvements as cardiovascular, abdominal, cerebral, severe renal, and severe pulmonary involvements. We compared the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse, the overall survival rate, and the dose of GC over 5 years between the ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative groups. A relapse was defined as any new or worsened state of disease activity requiring an escalation of GC dose. Gray’s method was used for assessing the cumulative incidence of relapse. The log-rank test was used for assessing overall survival. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for assessing the dose of GC. The possible factors for relapse in 5 years in a univariate analysis were selected for a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:

Forty-nine patients were enrolled. The median age of onset was 77 (69-82) years and 71.4% were women. There were 30 ANCA-positive patients (90.0% with anti-myeloperoxidase) and 19 ANCA-negative patients. The median age and the number of patients with renal involvements were higher in the ANCA-positive group than in the ANCA-negative group (73.0 ± 9.29 years vs. 79.5 ± 20.28 years, p=0.0062 and 7/30 [23.3%] vs. 0/19 [0.0%], p=0.034, respectively). The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (ver. 3), the induction dose of GC, and the rate of immunosuppressants use were not significantly different between the two groups. During the observational period, 24 patients relapsed. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was significantly higher in the ANCA-positive group than in the ANCA-negative group (p=0.026) (Figure 1). The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the presence of ANCA was an independent risk factor for relapse (hazard ratio: 3.15; 95% confidence interval 1.06–9.38; p=0.040). During the observational period, 9 patients died (3 died from cancer, 1 from interstitial pneumonia, 1 from cerebral hemorrhage, 1 from infection, and 3 from unknown reasons). The ANCA-positive group exhibited a higher mortality rate than the ANCA-negative group without a statistical significance (p=0.12). The 5-year cumulative dose of GC was larger in the ANCA-positive group than in the ANCA-negative group without a statistical significance (14786 [11246–19138] mg vs. 10088 [7129–12634] mg, p=0.12).

Conclusion:

In muscular vasculitis, the presence of ANCA is an independent risk factor for long-term relapse. Stratified treatment depending on the ANCA status may reduce the relapse rate and the occurrence of side effects of GC in patients with muscular vasculitis.

References:

[1]Kitching AR et al. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6(1): 71.

[2]Hernández-Rodríguez J et al. J Autoimmun 2014; 48-49: 84-9.

[3]Ushiyama S et al. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40(10): 1667-74.

[4]Ganeshanandan LR et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50(3): 503-8.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

ANALYSES OF H*(10) DOSE RATES MEASURED IN ENVIRONMENT CONTAMINATED BY RADIOACTIVE CAESIUM: CORRECTION OF DIRECTIONAL DEPENDENCE OF SCINTILLATION DETECTORS

Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured in the environment of the Fukushima prefecture using NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors and CdZnTe/Ge semiconductor detectors. The dose rates obtained at the same locations varied beyond uncertainty (1σ). By replacing the spectrum-dose conversion operators obtained from the anterior-posterior geometry with those from the rotational geometry, the dose rates agreed with each other within uncertainties, except for a CsI(Tl) scintillation detector with a considerably flat crystal configuration, due to its excessive directional dependence.

The utility of patent ductus arteriosus closure with hemostatic clip in dogs

This study investigated the utility of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure with hemostatic clip by comparing with traditional PDA closure. Medical records of 51 dogs with surgical closure of PDA were reviewed and retrospective study was conducted. 29 dogs were treated by procedure with hemostatic clip (Group HC), and 22 dogs were treated by surgical ligation (Group SL). Data pertaining to breed, sex, age and body weight at the time of surgery, echocardiographic minimal ductal diameter, duration of surgery, hemostatic clip size, echocardiographic findings, hemor-rhage, residual ductal flow and recanalization were collected from records. The results showed that procedure with hemostatic clip had been selected in lighter dogs than traditional PDA closure. Duration of surgery performed only hemostatic clip technique was significantly shorter than that in group SL. Preoperative LVIDd, E-wave and FS were significantly lower than postoperative ones. As regard all parameters, the differences between pre- and postoperative periods were not significantly different between group HC and group SL. Hemorrhage, residual ductal flow, and recanalization were not significantly different in both groups. The present study showed that procedure with hemostatic clip is beneficial in that it is available in smaller dogs and can make shorter operation duration than traditional PDA closure. Moreover, the procedure is effective for the resolution of volume overload of the left atrium and ventricle in short-term outcome. Complications including hemorrhage, residual ductal flow and recanaliza-tion were not significantly different with both techniques.