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Jong YJ, Chang JG, Lin SP, Yang TY, Wang JC, Chang CP, Lee CC, Li H, Hsieh-Li HM, Tsai CH. Analysis of the mRNA transcripts of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene in the tissue of an SMA fetus and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of normals, carriers and SMA patients. J Neurol Sci 2000; 173:147-53. [PMID: 10675659 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. The gene most highly associated with SMA is the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. In this study, we present an analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the SMN gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal subjects, SMA carriers and patients from 20 SMA families. We found at least 6-8 different transcripts of SMN gene formed by alternative splicing involving exons 3, 5 and 7. We compared transcripts from the different types of SMA and found no definite differences in transcript patterns and amounts. Normal subjects with the telomeric SMN (SMN(T)) gene only had variable splicing resulting in several transcripts, the most dominant being a transcript containing all coding regions. However, SMA patients with the centromeric SMN (SMN(C)) gene only had a higher degree of splice variation and tended to show little or no exon 7. These results demonstrate that SMN(T) and SMN(C) genes participate in alternative splicing phenomena. The different splicing patterns support the view that the SMN(T) gene is responsible for SMA disease. We also analyzed the transcripts from several tissues of an SMA fetus who had a homozygous SMN(T) gene deletion. Different splicing patterns were also found in these tissues, and were similar to the splicing pattern of leukocytes. We compared the major transcripts from exons 4 to 8 of both the SMN(T) and SMN(C) genes and found that the relative proportion varied among normal subjects, SMA carriers and patients. This approach could be used as a novel diagnostic method. We suggest that analyzing the mRNA expression of the SMN gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells offers an apparently reliable technique for separating SMA patients, carriers, and normal individuals.
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Gourlay J, Yang TY, Ishikawa M, Walker AC. Low-order adaptive optics for free-space optoelectronic interconnects. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:714-720. [PMID: 18337946 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The concept of adaptive optics for improving the cost-performance of free-space optoelectronic interconnects is discussed. Adaptive optics as a design option for optical interconnect systems is presented and discussed. A practical demonstrator that performs low-order correction was built and tested. Slowly varying misalignments, including thermal effects, were compensated for in a 622-Mbit/s free-space optical data link.
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Lee YJ, Huang FY, Lo FS, Wang WC, Hsu CH, Kao HA, Yang TY, Chang JG. Association of CTLA4 gene A-G polymorphism with type 1 diabetes in Chinese children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52:153-7. [PMID: 10671941 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The CTLA4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4) gene encodes the T cell receptor involved in the control of T cell proliferation and mediates T cell apoptosis. Thus it is a strong candidate gene for T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. There is polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of the CTLA4 gene, providing a A-G exchange. This polymorphism is reportedly associated with type 1 diabetes in Caucasians but not in a small data set of Chinese. We wished to test this polymorphism in a larger and more homogeneous data set of Chinese children with type 1 diabetes and normal adult controls. DESIGN A population-based case-control study of a CTLA4 gene 49 A-G polymorphism was performed to look for an association with type 1 diabetes in Chinese children. PATIENTS We analysed this polymorphism in 253 unrelated children (128 boys) with type 1 diabetes (age at diagnosis 7.1 +/- 3.7 years) and 91 randomly selected normal adults. All individuals were Han Chinese. RESULTS The genotype and gene frequencies of children with type 1 diabetes differed significantly from those of adult controls (P = 0.0091 and P = 0.0051, respectively). Genotype CTLA4 49 G/G and G allele conferred a risk of type 1 diabetes (RR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.31-3.46, P = 0.0022; RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.17-2.43, P = 0.0051, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that CTLA4 49 A-G polymorphism is associated with type 1 diabetes in Han Chinese children. The CTLA4 49 G allele confers an increased risk of type 1 diabetes.
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Lo CP, Ong KC, Yang TY, Agasthian T, Ong YY. Active management of a patient with endstage pulmonary emphysema using lung volume reduction surgery and intensive rehabilitation. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2000; 29:127-31. [PMID: 10748981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and pulmonary rehabilitation are newer options available in the treatment of advanced emphysema. We describe the progress of our first local patient to have undergone these 2 new treatment modalities. CLINICAL PICTURE A 65-year-old man with advanced emphysema, limited by crippling dyspnoea despite maximal medical therapy with inhaled bronchodilator therapy, methylxanthines and supplementary oxygen. TREATMENT Physical reconditioning with a 4-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme, followed by LVRS and a further 6-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. OUTCOME Dramatic improvements in spirometric indices, arterial blood gases, exercise capacity and overall functional status. Improvements maintained at one-year follow up period. CONCLUSIONS LVRS with pulmonary rehabilitation is an exciting new treatment option in a select group of patients with advanced emphysema. Their role in improving overall performance status and quality of life should be considered in patients otherwise considered to have reached the limits of medical therapy.
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Peng CT, Tsai CH, Lin TP, Perng LI, Kao MC, Yang TY, Wang NM, Liu TC, Lin SF, Chang JG. Molecular characterization of secretor type alpha(1, 2)-fucosyltransferase gene deficiency in the Philippine population. Ann Hematol 1999; 78:463-7. [PMID: 10550557 DOI: 10.1007/s002770050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the seven mutations which are responsible for the deficiency of the secretor type alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene product, Se enzyme, in the Philippine population. One hundred and one unrelated Filipinos in Taiwan were studied. A new mutation, a 3-base pair deletion from nt 688 through 690, was found in two (0. 1%) of 202 chromosomes. The frequencies of six other mutated alleles were as follows: 71/202 (35.2%) were cDNA 385 A-->T missensed mutation (se2), 28/202 (13.9%) were C571T nonsense mutation (se3), 16/202 (7.9%) were G849A nonsense mutation (se4), 4/202 (1.9%) were G428A nonsense mutation (se1), and 81/202 (40.1%) were wild-type allele (Se). No C628T nonsense mutations (se5) or fusion genes of pseudogene and FUT2 gene (se 6) were found in this population. For the molecular basis of phenotype Le(a+ b-): eight cases had se2/se2, six cases had se2/se3, two cases had se3/se4, one case was homozygous of se4, one case was se3/se1, and two cases were se2/se7. For the Le(a+ b+) phenotype: four cases had se2/se2, two cases had se2/se3, one case was se3/se3, and one case was se2/se4. For the Le(a- b+) phenotype: 16 cases were Se/Se, 21 cases were Se/se2, six cases were Se/se3, five cases were Se/se4, and two cases had Se/se1. Our results suggest that the genotypes of the alpha(1, 2)-fucosyltransferase gene in phenotypes Le(a+ b+) and Le(a+ b-) are the same. Other factors that play important roles may cause the differences between these two phenotypes. Several hotspot mutations in the alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene are responsible for the nonsecretor phenotype.
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Chang JG, Yang TY, Liu TC, Lin TP, Hu CJ, Kao MC, Wang NM, Tsai FJ, Peng CT, Tsai CH. Molecular analysis of secretor type alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase gene mutations in the Chinese and Thai populations. Transfusion 1999; 39:1013-7. [PMID: 10533829 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39091013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human Lewis histo-blood group system belongs to a family of structurally related oligosaccharides. The mutations of fucosyltransferase genes alpha(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (FUT2 or Se) and alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase (FUT3 or Le), are responsible for the polymorphism of Lewis blood group phenotypes. However, a population study of the FUT2 mutation in Chinese and Thais has not yet been done, and there is some controversy about the phenotypes of Le(a+b+) and Le(a+b-). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS One hundred twentyfour Chinese and 70 Thais were phenotyped for Lea and Le(b). DNA samples were studied by polymerase chain reaction and then by a restriction enzyme digestion method to distinguish wild-type and six known mutations. Direct sequencing was done for controls and some uncertain cases. RESULTS A new mutation, C302T mutation, was found in 2 of 136 chromosomes in the Thai population; none were discovered in Chinese. The frequencies of the normal and six mutant alleles among Chinese and Thais, respectively, were as follows: 134 (54.0%) of 248 and 58 (41.4%) of 140 were wild-type (Se); 0 of 248 and 2 of 140 (both 1.4%) had the G428A mutation; 120 (48.4%) of 248 and 75 (53.6%) of 140 had the A385T mutation; 2 (0.81%) of 248 and 0 of 140 had the C571T mutation; and 1 (0.4%) of 248 and 3 (2.2%) of 140 had the G849A mutation. Only 1 Chinese (0.4%) of 248 had the C628T mutation, and none had fusion gene mutation. CONCLUSION The FUT2 genes encoding for the phenotypes Le(a+b+) and Le(a+b-) are the same. The function and character of the mutant enzyme may play an important role in the phenotype. The methods used in this study are clinically applicable in population studies of the FUT2 gene polymorphism to explore relationships among different ethnic groups and correlations between phenotype and genotype.
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Lin SP, Chang JG, Jong YJ, Yang TY, Tsai CH, Wang NM, Li H, Hsieh-Li HM, Hu CJ. Prenatal prediction of spinal muscular atrophy in Chinese. Prenat Diagn 1999; 19:657-61. [PMID: 10419615 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199907)19:7<657::aid-pd602>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We used linkage analysis, non-isotope SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) and PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) for prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A total of 26 cases from 20 SMA families (16, type 1 and 4) were evaluated. 5 out of 26 fetuses were affected and, following genetic counselling, the parents decided to terminate the pregnancies. Aborted fetal tissues were examined and the diagnosis was confirmed in each case. The 21 unaffected cases were either normals (12 cases) or carriers (9 cases). These children have been followed for six months to two and a half years. No false-negative or false-positive results on prenatal testing were found. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis of SMA is reliable and accurate.
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Chang JG, Yang TY, Perng LI, Wang NM, Peng CT, Tsai CH. Hb Siriraj: a G-->A substitution at codon 7 of the beta-globin chain creates an MboII cutting site. Hemoglobin 1999; 23:197-9. [PMID: 10335989 DOI: 10.3109/03630269908996166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chang JG, Chen YJ, Perng LI, Wang NM, Kao MC, Yang TY, Chang CP, Tsai CH. Mutation analysis of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in cancers of the digestive tract. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35:647-51. [PMID: 10492641 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 10q23.3 gene PTEN (phosphatase and Tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) or MMAC1 (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1) was recently reported to undergo frequent mutation, including mutations and deletions in multiple advanced cancers. This study showed that the aberrant transcripts of this gene are frequently found in cancers of the digestive tract, paired non-cancerous tissues and normal peripheral mononuclear cells. Sequence analysis of the aberrant transcripts revealed three types of deletions: (i) a deletion junction with a splicing-like donor or acceptor sequence; (ii) several-base homology near or between the donor acceptor site at the deletion junction; and (iii) deletion with insertion. From these results, it is suggested that aberrant transcripts of PTEN/MMAC1 found by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction are a common (or natural) phenomenon unrelated to oncogenesis. The mechanism producing these aberrant transcripts needs further investigation. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing to analyse for small base changes of the genomic DNA of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene revealed no point mutations or small base changes.
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Chang JG, Wang JC, Yang TY, Tsan KW, Shih MC, Peng CT, Tsai CH. Human RhDel is caused by a deletion of 1,013 bp between introns 8 and 9 including exon 9 of RHD gene. Blood 1998; 92:2602-4. [PMID: 9746809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Chang JG, Yang TY, Perng LI, Wang JC, Tsan KW. Hb Köln [beta98(FG5)Val-->Met]: the first case found in a Chinese family. Hemoglobin 1998; 22:535-6. [PMID: 9859938 DOI: 10.3109/03630269809071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Walker AC, Yang TY, Gourlay J, Dines JA, Forbes MG, Prince SM, Baillie DA, Neilson DT, Williams R, Wilkinson LC, Smith GR, Desmulliez MP, Buller GS, Taghizadeh MR, Waddie A, Underwood I, Stanley CR, Pottier F, Vögele B, Sibbett W. Optoelectronic Systems Based on InGaAs- Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Smart-Pixel Arrays and Free-Space Optical Interconnects. APPLIED OPTICS 1998; 37:2822-2830. [PMID: 18273228 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Free-space optical interconnects have been identified as a potentially important technology for future massively parallel-computing systems. The development of optoelectronic smart pixels based on InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well modulators and detectors flip-chip solder-bump bonded onto complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits and the design and construction of an experimental processor in which the devices are linked by free-space optical interconnects are described. For demonstrating the capabilities of the technology, a parallel data-sorting system has been identified as an effective demonstrator. By use of Batcher's bitonic sorting algorithm and exploitation of a perfect-shuffle optical interconnection, the system has the potential to perform a full sort on 1024, 16-bit words in less than 16 mus. We describe the design, testing, and characterization of the smart-pixel devices and free-space optical components. InGaAs-CMOS smart-pixel, chip-to-chip communication has been demonstrated at 50 Mbits/s. It is shown that the initial system specifications can be met by the component technologies.
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Tong B, Grimes HL, Yang TY, Bear SE, Qin Z, Du K, El-Deiry WS, Tsichlis PN. The Gfi-1B proto-oncoprotein represses p21WAF1 and inhibits myeloid cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:2462-73. [PMID: 9566867 PMCID: PMC110626 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.5.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/1997] [Accepted: 02/01/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi-1 is a cellular proto-oncogene that was identified as a target of provirus integration in T-cell lymphoma lines selected for interleukin-2 (IL-2) independence in culture and in primary retrovirus-induced lymphomas. Gfi-1 encodes a zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor. Here we show that Gfi-1B, a Gfi-1 related gene expressed in bone marrow and spleen, also encodes a transcriptional repressor. IL-6-induced G1 arrest and differentiation of the myelomonocytic cell line M1 were linked to the downregulation of Gfi-1B and the parallel induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1. Experiments addressing the potential mechanism of the apparent coordinate regulation of these genes revealed that Gfi-1B represses p21WAF1 directly by binding to a high-affinity site at -1518 to -1530 in the p21WAF1 promoter. Forced expression of Gfi-1B, but not of Gfi-1B deletion mutants lacking the repressor domain, blocked the IL-6-mediated induction of p21WAF1 and inhibited G1 arrest and differentiation. We conclude that Gfi-1B is a direct repressor of the p21WAF1 promoter, the first such repressor identified to date, and that sustained expression of Gfi-1B blocks IL-6-induced G1 arrest and differentiation of M1 cells perhaps because it prevents p21WAF1 induction by IL-6.
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Chang JG, Jong YJ, Lin SP, Soong BW, Tsai CH, Yang TY, Chang CP, Wang WS. Molecular analysis of survival motor neuron (SMN) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes of spinal muscular atrophy patients and their parents. Hum Genet 1997; 100:577-81. [PMID: 9341874 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have assayed deletions of two candidate genes for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the survival motor neuron (SMN) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes, in 101 patients from 86 Chinese SMA families. Deletions of exons 7 and 8 of the telomeric SMN gene were detected in 100%, 78.6%, 96.6%, and 16.7%, in type I, II, III, and adult-onset SMA patients, respectively. Deletion of exon 7 only was found in eight type II and one type III patient. One type II patient did not have a deletion of either exon 7 or 8. The prevalence of deletions of exons 5 and 6 of the NAIP gene were 22.5% and 2.4% in type I and II SMA patients, respectively. We also examined four polymorphisms of SMN genes and found that there were only two, SMN-2 and CBCD541-2, in Chinese subjects. In our study, analysis of the ratio of the telomeric to centromeric portion (T/C ratio) of the SMN gene after enzyme digestion was performed to differentiate carriers, normals, and SMA patients. We found the T/C ratio of exon 7 of the SMN gene differed significantly among the three groups, and may be used for carrier analysis. An asymptomatic individual with homozygous deletion of exons 7 and 8 of the SMN gene showed no difference in microsatellite markers in the SMA-related 5q11.2-5q13.3. In conclusion, SMN deletion in clinically presumed child-onset SMA should be considered as confirmation of the diagnosis. However, adult-onset SMA, a heterogeneous disease with phenotypical similarities to child-onset SMA, may be caused by SMN or other gene(s).
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Abstract
There is a high prevalence of thalassemia in the Taiwan area. Prenatal diagnosis of severe forms of thalassemia is important for the prevention of this disease. We performed prenatal diagnosis in 167 cases, of which 59 cases were diagnosed by chorionic villi biopsy, 91 cases by amniotic fluid analysis, and 17 cases by cord blood analysis. Hb Bart's hydrops was detected by amplifying the break junction area of the alpha-thalassemia-1 Southeast Asia (SEA)-type gene, and beta-thalassemia major was detected by using naturally occurring restriction sites and the amplified created restriction sites (ACRS) method. Screening for hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's hydrops revealed 26 cases of Hb Bart's hydrops, 67 cases of alpha-thalassemia-1 (including 6 Hb Bart's hydrops falsely diagnosed as alpha-thalassemia-1 from chorionic villi samples), and 38 normal cases. Screening for beta-thalassemia major revealed 8 cases of beta-thalassemia major, 17 cases of beta-thalassemia minor, and 11 normal cases. In cases of alpha-thalassemia, maternal tissue contamination in the chorionic villi samples occurred in the diagnosis of the carrier state and further amniotic fluid analysis will be necessary. There were no any false-positive or false-negative results in beta-thalassemia major screening. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis is a reliable and accurate screening method for thalassemia and may be valuable in other areas of high prevalence for thalassemia in Southeast Asia and in Southern China.
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Chang JG, Liu HJ, Huang JM, Yang TY, Chang CP. Multiplex mutagenically separated PCR: diagnosis of beta-thalassemia and hemoglobin variants. Biotechniques 1997; 22:520-7. [PMID: 9067032 DOI: 10.2144/97223rr03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid and simple method, termed multiplex mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR), was developed to detect several molecular defects in the hemoglobin gene in one PCR. This technique, in which different-size allele-specific primers were used, specifically amplified both normal and mutant alleles of the globin gene in the same reaction. Subsequent gel electrophoresis showed at least one of the two allelic products at the same locus or two of the several allelic products of different loci and provided a within-assay quality control for the exclusion of false-negative results. In our study, the four most common beta-thalassemia mutations, together with four other common hemoglobin variants in Chinese, were tested. Using multiplex MS-PCR 6 to 12 primers were added simultaneously into one reaction tube to identify one to four mutations. Not only is this multiplex MS-PCR method reliable and non-isotopic, the results can be obtained in less than one working day.
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Chang JY, Yang TY, Chang CP, Chang JG. The effect of "chi-han (hot nature)" Chinese herbs on the secretion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha by mononuclear cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1996; 12:18-24. [PMID: 8871284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of "chi-han (hot nature)" Chinese herbs on the secretion of the cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha was investigated by studying the in vitro effect of the "hot nature" Chinese herbs Radix aconiti, Evodia rutaecarpa, Zingiberis rhizoma, and Cortex cinnamomi. An ethanolic extract of each of these Chinese medicinal herbs was added to human peripheral mononuclear cell culture medium and allowed to react for various specified lengths of time. The culture medium supernatants were collected and tested for their cytokine levels at specified time intervals. We found different reaction patterns of cytokine secretion among these "hot nature" Chinese herbs. Radix aconiti extract showed an augmentative effect on the secretion of cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha with 20% to 50% concentrations of the pure herbal extract, especially when the reaction time was 18 or 24 hours. Evodia rutaecarpa extract showed a biphasic effect on the secretion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha when the reaction time was 18 or 24 hours. The secretion of cytokines was stimulated by low concentrations of the herbal extract, but inhibited by higher concentrations of the extract. Zingiberis rhizoma extract also showed a biphasic effect on the secretion of cytokine IL-1 beta when the reaction time was 18 or 24 hours. As for Cortex cinnamomi extract, no significant augmentative effect on cytokine secretion was found in our study. In consideration of the pyrogenic property of cytokines, it would appear that "hot nature" Chinese herbs can be further divided into different subgroups with minute differences based on their different effects on cytokine secretion.
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Chang JG, Jong YJ, Huang JM, Wang WS, Yang TY, Chang CP, Chen YJ, Lin SP. Molecular basis of spinal muscular atrophy in Chinese. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 57:1503-5. [PMID: 8533782 PMCID: PMC1801417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Yang TY, Courtney RJ. Influence of the host cell on the association of ICP4 and ICP0 with herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology 1995; 211:209-17. [PMID: 7645212 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1995.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ICP4 and ICP0 are two immediate-early proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 associated with the transcriptional activation of viral genes within infected cells. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that approximately 100-200 molecules each of ICP4 and ICP0 are associated with the tegument region of virions purified from Vero and HEp-2 cells (F. Yao and R. J. Courtney, 1989, J. Virol. 63, 3338-3344 and 1992, J. Virol. 66, 2709-2716). However, other studies have shown that ICP4 molecules are primarily associated with non-capsid-containing light (L) particles obtained from BHK-21 cells and purified by 5-15% continuous Ficoll gradients (J. McLauchlan and F. J. Rixon, 1992, J. Gen. Virol. 73, 269-276). To reconcile these findings with regard to the association of immediate-early protein with virions obtained from different cell lines, our studies have focused on determining if the host cell type influences the amounts of ICP4 and ICP0 associated with the capsid-containing heavy (H) virus particles (purified virions) compared to the amounts associated with L particles. Virus particles were purified from three different cell lines, Vero, HEp-2, and BHK-21 cells. The H and L virus particles were resolved on 5-15% Ficoll gradients. The results presented indicate that although ICP4 and ICP0 are readily detectable in H particles obtained from Vero and HEp-2 cells, minimal amounts of ICP4 and ICP0 are associated with H particles obtained from BHK-21 cells. The data suggest that the host cell may influence the relative amounts of ICP4 and ICP0 associated with the tegument region of virus particles. Finally, physical particle counts of the H and L particles also suggest that the host cell influences the relative number of L particles produced within the cell.
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Zhou SM, Gi LX, Yang TY. [Teeth extractions in 35 patients with hemophilia]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 1994; 29:291-3. [PMID: 7743865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chen GB, Tang MH, Yang TY. [The use of monoclonal antibodies for immunologic typing and prognosis prediction in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 1993; 32:405-8. [PMID: 7903627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immunologic phenotypes of 68 cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that the frequencies of myeloid antigens expressed on ANLL cells are CD15 > CD33 > CD13 > CD14 and there were few cases expressing lymphoid antigens. The expression of myeloid antigen on leukemia cells is not only the evidence for diagnosis ANLL, but also is valuable predicting prognosis. In cases with the ratio of CD33/CD13 < 1, the complete remission (CR) rate was higher than those with CD33/CD13 > 1 (P < 0.05). Patients with expression of CD15 antigen on their leukemia cells appeared to be associated with long survival.
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Lin SF, Yang TY, Inukai T, Yamasaki M, Tsai YC. Purification and characterization of a novel glucooligosaccharide oxidase from Acremonium strictum T1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1118:41-7. [PMID: 1764476 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel glucooligosaccharide oxidase was purified 495-fold from wheat bran culture of a soil-isolated Acremonium strictum strain T1 with an overall yield of 21%. This enzyme was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 61 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. Its isoelectric point was pH 4.3-4.5. This enzyme contained 1 mol of FAD per mol of enzyme and showed absorption maxima at 274, 379 and 444 nm. This enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.0 to 11.0 with an optimal reaction pH of 10.0. The optimal reaction temperature was 50 degrees C. It was stable up to 50 degrees C for 1 h at pH 7.8. This enzyme oxidized those oligosaccharides with glucose residue on the reducing end and each sugar residue jointed by alpha or beta-1,4 glucosidic bond. The relative activity of this enzyme toward maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, maltoheptaose, lactose, cellobiose and glucose was 100:94:74:46:66:56:64:47:59. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the discovery of an glucooligosaccharide oxidase as judged from enzyme substrate specificity.
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Tsai YC, Yang TY, Cheng SW, Li SN, Wang YJ. High-yield extraction and purification of glutathione reductase from baker's yeast. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 21:175-85. [PMID: 1798694 DOI: 10.1080/10826069108018012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase was extracted from toluene-treated baker's yeast cells by a two-stage buffer autolysis method. The yeast cells were treated with toluene for 1 h at 40 degrees C. After removal of the toluene, the cells were then allowed to autolysis in buffer for 72 h at 4 degrees C. The cells were collected and resuspended in buffer. A second stage autolysis was carried out for another 96 h at 4 degrees C. The enzyme was purified to 786-fold from the second stage cell autolysate by using two steps of affinity chromatography with triazine dyes (Yellow H-E4G and Yellow H-E6G) coupled to Sepharose CL-4B. By using this simplified method, 1.44 mg (165 units/mg) of glutathione reductase was obtained from 65 g (wet weight) of yeast cells, equivalent to 80% enzyme recovery.
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Le XF, Yang TY, Yang XY, Wang XM. Characteristics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in China. Clinical analysis of 476 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1990; 103:885-9. [PMID: 2125909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
476 cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) were analysed and compared with PNH patients in foreign countries and its classification was discussed. The clinical characteristics in Chinese PNH patients were: males were affected more; the age of onset was young; more common in north China; hemoglobinuria as an initial symptom was less common; thrombosis as a complication was relatively rare; the common causes of death were heart failure, infections and hemorrhage; and bone marrow picture might show mild dyshematopoiesis.
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Kern JR, Lokensgard DM, Yang TY. Chromatographic separation of the diastereomers of a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel antagonist as the bis-3,5-dinitrobenzoates. J Chromatogr A 1988; 457:309-16. [PMID: 3243886 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The diastereomeric components of the calcium channel antagonist RS-93522-004 are separated as the bis-3,5-dinitrobenzoate ester by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The diastereomer ratio determination is shown to be precise, accurate and sensitive, and is not affected by the reaction yield of the derivatization with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. The four individual stereoisomers of RS-93522-004 were independently shown to have equal reactivity toward 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride.
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