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Aribi F, Vey C, Topkaya D, Kostakoglu ST, Fournier-dit-Chabert J, Büyükekşi SI, Taşkın GC, Alpugan S, Albrieux F, Gürek AG, Cucca M, Bennis K, Atilla D, Ahsen V, Ducki S, Dumoulin F. Phthalocyanine-chalcone conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A phthalocyanine-chalcone conjugate was previously reported to retain the full photodynamic activity of the phthalocyanine and a slightly lowered antivascular effect of the chalcone. Assuming that it was due to an insufficient release of the chalcone, we described here several grafting modes applied to the preparation of phthalocyanine-chalcone conjugates.
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Zucolotto Cocca LH, Ayhan MM, Gürek AG, Ahsen V, Bretonnière Y, de Paula Siqueira J, Gotardo F, Mendonça CR, Hirel C, De Boni L. Mechanism of the Zn(II)Phthalocyanines' Photochemical Reactions Depending on the Number of Substituents and Geometry. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050635. [PMID: 27187343 PMCID: PMC6274317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and the nonlinear absorption and population dynamics investigation of a series of zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) dissolved in chloroform are reported. In order to determine the relevant spectroscopic parameters, such as absorption cross-sections of singlet and triplet excited states, fluorescence relaxation times, intersystem crossing, radiative decay and internal conversion, different optical and spectroscopic techniques were used. By single pulse and pulse train Z-scan techniques, respectively, singlet and triplet excited states‘ absorption cross-section were determined at 532 nm. Furthermore, the intersystem crossing time was obtained by using both techniques combined with the fluorescence lifetime determined by time-resolved fluorescence. The radiative and internal conversion rates were determined from the fluorescence quantum yield of the samples. Such spectroscopy parameters are fundamental for selecting photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy, as well as for many other applications.
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Dumoulin F, Topkaya D, Yaşar S, Ahsen V, İşci Ü. Covalent or supramolecular combinations of resorcinarenes and porphyrinoids. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461630010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cavitands and porphyrinoids are two major groups of molecules. If cyclodextrins are maybe the most famous type of cavitands, the properties of resorcinarenes are now well known and rise rapidly increasing attention. This mini-review aims at detailing all the combinations of resorcinarenes with porphyrinoids reported so far, evidencing the bright future of such combos. In addition, two newly synthesized porphyrins-resorcinarene hybrids are reported.
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Kuzyniak W, Ermilov EA, Atilla D, Gürek AG, Nitzsche B, Derkow K, Hoffmann B, Steinemann G, Ahsen V, Höpfner M. Tetra-triethyleneoxysulfonyl substituted zinc phthalocyanine for photodynamic cancer therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Basova T, Hassan A, Durmuſ M, Gürek AG, Ahsen V. Liquid crystalline metal phthalocyanines: Structural organization on the substrate surface. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Güngör Ö, Altınbaş Özpınar G, Durmuş M, Ahsen V. The effect of “on/off” molecular switching on the photophysical and photochemical properties of axially calixarene substituted activatable silicon(iv)phthalocyanine photosensitizers. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7634-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicon(iv) phthalocyanines (4 and 5) bearing two calixarene groups as axial ligands were synthesized. Surprisingly, both phthalocyanines were obtained as two different isomers (4a–b and 5a–b).
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Köç M, Zorlu Y, İşci Ü, Berber S, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F. A library of dimeric and trimeric phthalonitriles linked by a single aromatic ring: comparative structural and DFT investigations. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Batat P, Bayar M, Pur B, Çoker E, Ahsen V, Yuksel F, Demirel AL. The optical characterization of metal-mediated aggregation behaviour of amphiphilic Zn(ii) phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15574-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Addition of Ag+ cations induces J-aggregation in ultrathin films of both symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted Zn(ii) phthalocyanines.
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İşci Ü, Beyreis M, Tortik N, Topal SZ, Glueck M, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Kiesslich T, Plaetzer K. Methylsulfonyl Zn phthalocyanine: A polyvalent and powerful hydrophobic photosensitizer with a wide spectrum of photodynamic applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 13:40-47. [PMID: 26529064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomedical photodynamic principle is based on the light-induced and photosensitizer-mediated killing of unwanted or harmful cells by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Motivated by the success of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against several types of tumors, further applications of this approach are constantly identified which require the design and synthesis of novel photosensitizers with specifically tailored properties for a particular clinical application. METHODS Hydrophobic photosensitizers are currently gaining attention and hence a tetramethylsulfonyl Zn(II) phthalocyanine (2) was designed with respect to the desired photoproperties. The photodynamic potential of 2 was assessed by the determination of its photophysical and photochemical properties, and by a large range of biological tests including its phototoxicity against cancer cells and Gram(+) bacteria. Unsubstituted ZnPc was used as a reference compound for comparison purposes. RESULTS Phthalocyanine 2 has a better oxygen generation and is more photostable than ZnPc. 2 is a polyvalent and powerful hydrophobic photosensitizer with a wide spectrum of photodynamic applications against cancer (tested on A431 cells) and for Gram(+) PDI. Against Staphylococcus aureus, a maximum photokilling efficiency of more than 6 log10 steps was induced by a 5μM concentration of 2, outperforming the 3 log10 criterion for an antimicrobial effect (according to the recommendation of the American Society for Microbiology) by more than three orders of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Phthalocyanine 2 has attractive photophysical and -chemical characteristics. Initial evaluation of its application in anti-tumor PDT and PDI suggest potential for further pre-clinical and clinical development of this compound.
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İşci Ü, Faponle AS, Afanasiev P, Albrieux F, Briois V, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Sorokin AB, de Visser SP. Site-selective formation of an iron(iv)-oxo species at the more electron-rich iron atom of heteroleptic μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5063-5075. [PMID: 30155008 PMCID: PMC6088558 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of MS and computation on μ-nitrido bridged diiron complexes reveals H2O2 binding to the complex and generates an oxidant capable of oxidizing methane.
Iron(iv)–oxo species have been identified as the active intermediates in key enzymatic processes, and their catalytic properties are strongly affected by the equatorial and axial ligands bound to the metal, but details of these effects are still unresolved. In our aim to create better and more efficient oxidants of H-atom abstraction reactions, we have investigated a unique heteroleptic diiron phthalocyanine complex. We propose a novel intramolecular approach to determine the structural features that govern the catalytic activity of iron(iv)–oxo sites. Heteroleptic μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine complexes having an unsubstituted phthalocyanine (Pc1) and a phthalocyanine ligand substituted with electron-withdrawing alkylsulfonyl groups (PcSO2R) were prepared and characterized. A reaction with terminal oxidants gives two isomeric iron(iv)–oxo and iron(iii)–hydroperoxo species with abundances dependent on the equatorial ligand. Cryospray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) characterized both hydroperoxo and diiron oxo species in the presence of H2O2. When m-CPBA was used as the oxidant, the formation of diiron oxo species (PcSO2R)FeNFe(Pc1)
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O was also evidenced. Sufficient amounts of these transient species were trapped in the quadrupole region of the mass-spectrometer and underwent a CID-MS/MS fragmentation. Analyses of fragmentation patterns indicated a preferential formation of hydroperoxo and oxo moieties at more electron-rich iron sites of both heteroleptic μ-nitrido complexes. DFT calculations show that both isomers are close in energy. However, the analysis of the iron(iii)–hydroperoxo bond strength reveals major differences for the (Pc1)FeN(PcSO2R)FeIIIOOH system as compared to (PcSO2R)FeN(Pc1)FeIIIOOH system, and, hence binding of a terminal oxidant will be preferentially on more electron-rich sides. Subsequent kinetics studies showed that these oxidants are able to even oxidize methane to formic acid efficiently.
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Topal SZ, İşci Ü, Kumru U, Atilla D, Gürek AG, Hirel C, Durmuş M, Tommasino JB, Luneau D, Berber S, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V. Modulation of the electronic and spectroscopic properties of Zn(II) phthalocyanines by their substitution pattern. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:6897-908. [PMID: 24667853 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four isomerically pure octasubstituted zinc phthalocyanines with variations in the attachment atom and positions of the substituents were selected for a systematic investigation of the effect of the substitution pattern on their electronic and spectroscopic properties. Effects which were investigated are the position, the electron donating and withdrawing properties, and the donating force of the substituent. The results are discussed and interpreted based on theoretical and experimental determination of the orbital levels. This work allows us to highlight which substitution patterns are the most suitable considering different common applications of phthalocyanines.
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Kuzyniak W, Ermilov E, Atilla D, Gürek A, Nitzsche B, Derkow K, Hoffmann B, Steinemann G, Pries A, Ahsen V, Höpfner M. Tetra‐triethyleneoxysulfonyl substituted zinc phthalocyanines are promising new photosensibilisators for cancer treatment with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.785.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Banimuslem H, Hassan A, Basova T, Durmuş M, Tuncel S, Esenpinar AA, Gürek AG, Ahsen V. Copper Phthalocyanine Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Thin Films for Optical Detection. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 15:2157-2167. [PMID: 26413634 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of non-covalently hybridized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and tetra-substituted copper phthalocyanine (CuPcR4) molecules have been produced from their solutions in dimethylformamide (DMF). FTIR spectra revealed the 7π-7π interaction between SWCNTs and CuPcR4 molecules. DC conductivity of films of acid-treated SWCNT/CuPcR4 hybrid has increased by more than three orders of.magnitude in comparison with conductivity of CuPcR4 films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements have shown that films obtained from the acid-treated SWCNTs/CuPcR4 hybrids demonstrated more homogenous surface which is ascribed to the highly improved solubility of the hybrid powder in DMF Using total internal reflection ellipsometry spectroscopy (TIRE), thin films of the new hybrid have been examined as an optical sensing membrane for the detection of benzo[a]pyrene in water to demonstrate the sensing properties of the hybrid.
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Tuncel S, Trivella A, Atilla D, Bennis K, Savoie H, Albrieux F, Delort L, Billard H, Dubois V, Ahsen V, Caldefie-Chézet F, Richard C, Boyle RW, Ducki S, Dumoulin F. Correction to “Assessing the Dual Activity of a Chalcone–Phthalocyanine Conjugate: Design, Synthesis, and Antivascular and Photodynamic Properties”. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:663. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5008426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zorlu Y, Kumru U, İşci Ü, Divrik B, Jeanneau E, Albrieux F, Dede Y, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F. 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-Alkylsulfanyl phthalocyanines: effect of macrocycle distortion on spectroscopic and packing properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6580-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of phthalocyanine macrocycle distortion on its spectroscopic and packing properties is studied, by comparing two phthalocyanines octa-non-peripherally substituted by alkanethiols of different bulkiness (n-hexyl and tert-butyl).
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Tarakci DK, Berber S, Zorlu Y, Atilla D, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F. The synthesis of an octasubstituted monohydroxylated phthalocyanine designed to investigate the effect of the presence of active moieties. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Filling a lack: monofunctionalized octasubstitution, the missing substitution pattern of phthalocyanines.
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Tekdaş DA, Gürek AG, Ahsen V. Asymmetric zinc phthalocyanines substituted with a single carboxyl and triethyleneoxysulfonyl groups: synthesis, characterization and validation for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This work describes modular pathway towards the synthesis of new specific unsymmetrically (AB3) zinc phthalocyanines that contains three polyoxy ethylene and monocarboxylic acid groups as photosensitizers. Their photophysical and photochemical properties are studied. General trends are described for quantum yields of fluorescence, photodegradation and singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. Therefore, these novel phthalocyanines could potentially be good photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
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İşci Ü, Caner C, Zorlu Y, Gürek AG, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V. Sulfonamide-substituted iron phthalocyanine: design, solubility range, stability and oxidation of olefins. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17916-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aydın Tekdaş D, Garifullin R, Şentürk B, Zorlu Y, Gundogdu U, Atalar E, Tekinay AB, Chernonosov AA, Yerli Y, Dumoulin F, Guler MO, Ahsen V, Gürek AG. Design of a Gd-DOTA-Phthalocyanine Conjugate Combining MRI Contrast Imaging and Photosensitization Properties as a Potential Molecular Theranostic. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1376-86. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chin Y, Lim SH, Zorlu Y, Ahsen V, Kiew LV, Chung LY, Dumoulin F, Lee HB. Improved photodynamic efficacy of Zn(II) phthalocyanines via glycerol substitution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97894. [PMID: 24840576 PMCID: PMC4026539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are excellent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy as they have strong absorbance in the near infra-red region which is most relevant for in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most phthalocyanines present two major challenges, ie, a strong tendency to aggregate and low water-solubility, limiting their effective usage clinically. In the present study, we evaluated the potential enhancement capability of glycerol substitution on the photodynamic properties of zinc (II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc). Three glycerol substituted ZnPc, 1–3, (tetra peripherally, tetra non-peripherally and mono iodinated tri non-peripherally respectively) were evaluated in terms of their spectroscopic properties, rate of singlet oxygen generation, partition coefficient (log P), intracellular uptake, photo-induced cytotoxicity and vascular occlusion efficiency. Tetrasulfonated ZnPc (ZnPcS4) was included as a reference compound. Here, we showed that 1–3 exhibited 10–100 nm red-shifted absorption peaks with higher molar absorptivity, and at least two-fold greater singlet oxygen generation rates compared to ZnPcS4. Meanwhile, phthalocyanines 1 and 2 showed more hydrophilic log P values than 3 consistent with the number of glycerol attachments but 3 was most readily taken up by cells compared to the rest. Both phthalocyanines 2 and 3 exhibited potent phototoxicity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HSC-2 cancer cell-lines with IC50 ranging 2.8–3.2 µM and 0.04–0.06 µM respectively, while 1 and ZnPcS4 (up to 100 µM) failed to yield determinable IC50 values. In terms of vascular occlusion efficiency, phthalocyanine 3 showed better effects than 2 by causing total occlusion of vessels with diameter <70 µm of the chorioallantoic membrane. Meanwhile, no detectable vascular occlusion was observed for ZnPcS4 with treatment under similar experimental conditions. These findings provide evidence that glycerol substitution, in particular in structures 2 and 3, is able to improve the photodynamic properties of ZnPc.
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Erdoğan BS, Atilla D, Gürek AG, Ahsen V. Liquid crystalline alkylthia-substituted novel phthalocyanines: synthesis and characterization. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613501149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylene-bridged tetra- and octa-alkylthia substituted metal free- and Ni ( II ) phthalocyanines were synthesized from the corresponding phthalonitrile derivatives in the presence of the anhydrous metal salt ( NiCl 2) or a strong organic base. The new compounds were fully characterized by elemental analyses, UV-vis, IR, NMR and mass spectra. The mesogenic properties of these materials were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations. X-ray diffraction patterns of the mesophase confirmed that the tetra- and the octa-substituted compounds formed hexagonal columnar mesophases (Colh). The mesogenic properties of these compounds were compared to that of their octa alkythia substituted phthalocyanine derivatives in the literature.
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Ayhan MM, Singh A, Jeanneau E, Ahsen V, Zyss J, Ledoux-Rak I, Gürek AG, Hirel C, Bretonnière Y, Andraud C. ABAB Homoleptic Bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanide(III) Complexes: Original Octupolar Design Leading to Giant Quadratic Hyperpolarizability. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4359-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4031188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nemykin VN, Dudkin SV, Dumoulin F, Hirel C, Gürek AG, Ahsen V. Synthetic approaches to asymmetric phthalocyanines and their analogues. ARKIVOC 2014. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.p008.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Topkaya D, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V, İşci Ü. Axial binding and host–guest interactions of a phthalocyanine resorcinarene cavitand hybrid. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2032-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ayhan MM, Zorlu Y, Gökdemir Ö, Gürek AG, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V, Hirel C. Optimized synthesis and crystal growth by sublimation of 1,3,3-trichloroisoindolenines, key building blocks for crosswise phthalocyanines. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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