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Parchure R, Kulkarni V, Gangakhedkar R, Swaminathan S. Treatment outcomes of daily anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected patients seeking care at a private clinic in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:1348-1353. [PMID: 27725046 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Little is known about outcomes of patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) who are treated in the private sector in India. OBJECTIVE To describe the treatment outcomes of daily anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) and their determinants among HIV-TB co-infected patients treated at a private clinic in Pune, India. DESIGN Data on adult HIV-TB co-infected patients treated with daily ATT were analysed using logistic regression and Cox model to assess risk factors for default and death. RESULTS Of 769 cases, 78% were aged <45 years, 71% were males, 64% had CD4 < 200 cells/mm3, 67% were antiretroviral treatment (ART) naïve at TB diagnosis, 53% had extra-pulmonary TB, and 12% had a past history of TB. ATT was successfully completed by 58.5%, 34.3% defaulted (i.e., discontinued ATT for >2 months) and 3.9% died during ATT. The risk of default was higher among males (aOR 1.67, 95%CI 1.17-2.39), ART-naïve patients (aOR 1.91, 95%CI 1.34-2.73) and those with a past history of TB (aOR 1.86, 95%CI 1.15-3.01). Survival probability at 365 days was 95% (95%CI 93-97). The risk of death was higher among patients with CD4 < 50 cells/mm3 (aHR 4.63, 95%CI 1.47-14.65) than in those with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3. CONCLUSIONS Low overall mortality was seen with daily ATT in HIV-TB co-infected patients. High default rates in private facilities warrant urgent attention.
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Parchure R, Darak S, Kulkarni V, Sreenivas A, Josey A, Dabadge A. Fuelling the transition: Cost effective pathways for reducing household air pollution and resultant disease burden in India. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gaikwad A, Khan S, Kadam S, Kadam K, Dighe V, Shah R, Kulkarni V, Kumaraswamy R, Gajbhiye R. The CFTR gene mild variants poly-T, TG repeats and M470V detection in Indian men with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28776713 DOI: 10.1111/and.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect the frequency of the CFTR gene variants poly-T, TG repeats and c.1408A>G p.Met470Val (M470V) in Indian men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Men diagnosed with CBAVD (n = 76), their female partners (n = 76) and healthy men from general population (n = 50) were recruited. Genomic DNA was isolated and the polymorphic regions of IVS9- c.1210-12T [5] and M470V were amplified using specific primers followed by Sanger's DNA sequencing. A statistically significant increase in the frequency of heterozygous IVS9- c.1210-12T [5] (39.4%) was observed in CBAVD men as compared to controls (14%). The allelic distribution of c.1210-12T [5], c.1210-12T [7] and c.1210-12T [9] in CBAVD men was 21%, 64.4% and 13% and that in healthy controls was 7%, 73% and 20% respectively. Longest TG repeat c.1210-34TG [13] was found in association with c.1210-12T [5] with an allelic frequency of 5.9% in CBAVD men. We found a significant association of c.1210-34TG [12]/c.1210-34TG [13] - c.1210-12[5] -V470 allele in CBAVD men. Twelve female partners harboured a heterozygous c.1210-12T [5] allele. The study emphasises the need to screen both partners for the polymorphisms M470V, poly-T, TG tract repeats in addition to population-specific known CFTR gene mutations.
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Sahoo NK, Kulkarni V, Bhandari AK, Kumar A. Mucormycosis of the Frontal Sinus: A Rare Case Report and Review. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2017; 7:120-123. [PMID: 28713749 PMCID: PMC5502498 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_23_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis of the frontal sinus are rarely seen in day to day clinical practice. Although this fungus is commonly found in the environment, the disease is usually prevented by the immune system and is hence rare. Well-recognized risk factors for the disease include diabetes mellitus, leukemia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, blood dyscrasias, and immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation, renal disease, sepsis, and severe burns. The disease is primarily found in those who are immunocompromised, but it may also manifest in immuno competent persons. Current therapy for the invasive disease includes early surgical debridement, antifungal therapy management of underlying predisposing factors. Early recognition of the disease and treating the underlying cause of mucormycosis, such as diabetes, are key to improving outcomes. The antifungal treatment of choice for mucormycosis is amphotericin B, although very high doses are required because of the relative resistance of the fungus to the drug. Here, we present a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis of frontal sinus in a diabetic patient, who was managed by systemic antifungals, surgical debridement, and obliteration procedures.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breach in the palatal vault leading to an abnormal communication between oral and nasal cavity is known as oro-nasal communication. It is an uncommon presentation in day-to-day clinical practice except in some patients of cleft lip and palate.Etiology may be congenital or acquired. Alveolar and palatal cleft defects are the most common etiological factor. The acquired causes may be trauma, periapical pathology, infections, neoplasms, postsurgical complications, and radio and chemo necrosis.Clinical features like nasal regurgitation of food, defective speech, fetid odor, bad taste, and upper respiratory tract and ear infection are associated with oro-nasal communication.Management depends upon the size and site of defect, age of patient, and associated comorbidity. The definitive management is always surgical. Two layered closure provides greater support and stability and reduces the risk of failure. Palatal rotational flaps are suitable for smaller defects. The other local flaps are buccal mucosal flap, tongue flap, and facial artery myomucosal flap. Temporoparietal galeal flap, turbinate flap, free radial forearm flap, and scapular flap have also been successfully used for closure of oronasal communication. Newer procedures like the use of bone morphogenic protein, acellular dermal matrices, human amniotic membrane, and distraction osteogenesis have been tried successfully. The rate of recurrence is high.Unsuccessful surgical attempts and larger defects associated with compromised medical conditions are better managed nonsurgically with obturator incorporating the missing teeth.
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Dixit S, Joshi S, Kulkarni V, Aminabhavi T. 3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180814666161107155459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bharadwaj R, Robinson M, Marbaniang I, Kagal A, Raichur P, Kulkarni V, Balasubramanian U, Onawale P, Kanade S, Nelson G, Gupta A, Mave V. Frequent resistant gram negative rod stool colonization among patients admitted with acute febrile illness in Pune, India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Thakur A, Gahine R, Kulkarni V. Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck masses and its correlation with histopathological findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20162521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mave V, Chandanwale A, Bhosale R, Shere D, Gupte N, Suryavanshi N, Kulkarni V, Kagal A, Bharadwaj R, Joshi S, Bollinger RC, Gupta A. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of postpartum tuberculosis among HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:302-4. [PMID: 25686138 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have associated low vitamin D levels with the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but its association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected mothers in a TB-endemic region has not been well studied. We conducted a nested 1:2 case-control study among HIV-infected mothers in western India to evaluate the association between maternal vitamin D levels and the risk of postpartum TB. Vitamin D insufficiency, moderate deficiency and severe deficiency were observed in a high proportion of HIV-infected mothers, but were not associated with the risk of postpartum TB.
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Chandrani P, Kulkarni V, Iyer P, Upadhyay P, Chaubal R, Das P, Mulherkar R, Singh R, Dutt A. NGS-based approach to determine the presence of HPV and their sites of integration in human cancer genome. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1958-65. [PMID: 25973533 PMCID: PMC4580395 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) accounts for the most common cause of all virus-associated human cancers. Here, we describe the first graphic user interface (GUI)-based automated tool 'HPVDetector', for non-computational biologists, exclusively for detection and annotation of the HPV genome based on next-generation sequencing data sets. METHODS We developed a custom-made reference genome that comprises of human chromosomes along with annotated genome of 143 HPV types as pseudochromosomes. The tool runs on a dual mode as defined by the user: a 'quick mode' to identify presence of HPV types and an 'integration mode' to determine genomic location for the site of integration. The input data can be a paired-end whole-exome, whole-genome or whole-transcriptome data set. The HPVDetector is available in public domain for download: http://www.actrec.gov.in/pi-webpages/AmitDutt/HPVdetector/HPVDetector.html. RESULTS On the basis of our evaluation of 116 whole-exome, 23 whole-transcriptome and 2 whole-genome data, we were able to identify presence of HPV in 20 exomes and 4 transcriptomes of cervical and head and neck cancer tumour samples. Using the inbuilt annotation module of HPVDetector, we found predominant integration of viral gene E7, a known oncogene, at known 17q21, 3q27, 7q35, Xq28 and novel sites of integration in the human genome. Furthermore, co-infection with high-risk HPVs such as 16 and 31 were found to be mutually exclusive compared with low-risk HPV71. CONCLUSIONS HPVDetector is a simple yet precise and robust tool for detecting HPV from tumour samples using variety of next-generation sequencing platforms including whole genome, whole exome and transcriptome. Two different modes (quick detection and integration mode) along with a GUI widen the usability of HPVDetector for biologists and clinicians with minimal computational knowledge.
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Talsaniya HM, Menezes V, Nithin B, Kulkarni V. Visualization of incipient flow separation condition on hypersonic shock–boundary layer interaction. J Vis (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12650-015-0274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rajasekharan D, Kulkarni V, Unnikrishnan B, Kumar N, Holla R, Thapar R. Self-care activities among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in mangalore karnataka, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:59-64. [PMID: 25745579 PMCID: PMC4350065 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.149791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in India is resulting in an epidemiological transition. The care of the people with diabetes is traditionally seen as doctor centered, but the concept of self-care of people with diabetes is a new domain and is proven beneficial. Aim: The aim was to determine the practice of self-care activities among people with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Subjects and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore during September–October 2012. A total of 290 patients with >1-year duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) were asked to respond to summary diabetes self-care activities questionnaire after obtaining the consent from them. The statistical analysis was performed in terms of descriptive statistics and association between the variables was tested using Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: A healthy eating plan on a daily basis was followed by 45.9% (133/290) of the participants, daily exercises for 30 min were followed by 43.4% (126/290), and regular blood sugar monitoring was done by 76.6% (222/290). Regarding the adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, daily adherence to medication was seen among 60.5% (155/256) and 66.9% (138/206) were found to be adherent to insulin injections on a daily basis. Conclusions: Self-care practices were found to be unsatisfactory in almost all aspects except for blood sugar monitoring and treatment adherence. As these practices are essential for prevention of complications and better quality-of -life, more efforts should be put to educate the people with diabetes.
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Dondal K, Kulkarni V, Patole R, Rairikar S, Shyam A, Sancheti P. Effect of Shoulder Exercises on Functional Performance in Paraplegic Wheelchair users having Shoulder Pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-5674.2015.00018.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kumar M, Joshi S, Kulkarni V, Savant C. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities of Peganum harmala Linn., seeds in rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2015.50510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bergamaschi C, Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Alicea C, Jalah R, Chen S, Bear J, Sardesai NY, Valentin A, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Intramuscular delivery of heterodimeric IL-15 DNA in macaques produces systemic levels of bioactive cytokine inducing proliferation of NK and T cells. Gene Ther 2014; 22:76-86. [PMID: 25273353 PMCID: PMC4289118 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a common γ-chain cytokine that has a significant role in the activation and proliferation of T and NK cells and holds great potential in fighting infection and cancer. We have previously shown that bioactive IL-15 in vivo comprises a complex of the IL-15 chain with the soluble or cell-associated IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) chain, which together form the IL-15 heterodimer. We have generated DNA vectors expressing the heterodimeric IL-15 by optimizing mRNA expression and protein trafficking. Repeated administration of these DNA plasmids by intramuscular injection followed by in vivo electroporation in rhesus macaques resulted in sustained high levels of IL-15 in plasma, with no significant toxicity. Administration of DNAs expressing heterodimeric IL-15 also resulted in an increased frequency of NK and T cells undergoing proliferation in peripheral blood. Heterodimeric IL-15 led to preferential expansion of CD8+NK cells, all memory CD8+ T-cell subsets and effector memory CD4+ T cells. Expression of heterodimeric IL-15 by DNA delivery to the muscle is an efficient procedure to obtain high systemic levels of bioactive cytokine, without the toxicity linked to the high transient cytokine peak associated with protein injection.
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:255-60. [PMID: 26060488 PMCID: PMC4449048 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health Centres in the Mangalore city in South India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing ≥2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Majority of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of Compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing important role.
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Jubulis J, Kinikar A, Ithape M, Khandave M, Dixit S, Hotalkar S, Kulkarni V, Mave V, Gupte N, Kagal A, Jain S, Bharadwaj R, Gupta A. Modifiable risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in children in Pune, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:198-204. [PMID: 24429313 PMCID: PMC4487622 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING India accounts for the largest burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, with 26% of the world's cases. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between novel modifiable risk factors and TB in Indian children. DESIGN Cases were children aged ≤ 5 years with confirmed/probable TB based on World Health Organization definitions (definition 1). Controls were healthy children aged ≤ 5 years. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of being a TB case given exposure, including indoor air pollution (IAP; exposure to tobacco smoke and/or biomass fuels) and vitamin D deficiency. Cases were re-analyzed according to a new consensus research definition of pediatric TB (definition 2). RESULTS Sixty cases and 118 controls were enrolled. Both groups had high levels of vitamin D deficiency (55% vs. 50%, P = 0.53). In multivariable analysis, TB was associated with household TB exposure (aOR 25.41, 95%CI 7.03-91.81), household food insecurity (aOR 11.55, 95%CI 3.33-40.15) and IAP exposure (aOR 2.67, 95%CI 1.02-6.97), but not vitamin D deficiency (aOR 1.00, 95%CI 0.38-2.66). Use of definition 2 reduced the number of cases to 25. In multivariate analysis, TB exposure, household food insecurity and IAP remained associated with TB. CONCLUSIONS Household TB exposure, exposure to IAP and household food insecurity were independently associated with pediatric TB.
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Joshi S, Babu J, Jayalakshmi D, Kulkarni V, Divate U, Muwonge R, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Sankaranarayanan R, Pillai M. Human papillomavirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Maharashtra, India. Vaccine 2014; 32:1079-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mave V, Kadam D, Kinikar A, Gupte N, Bhattacharya D, Bharadwaj R, McIntire K, Kulkarni V, Balasubramanian U, Suryavanshi N, Thio C, Deshpande P, Sastry J, Bollinger R, Gupta A, Bhosale R. Impact of maternal hepatitis B virus coinfection on mother-to-child transmission of HIV. HIV Med 2014; 15:347-54. [PMID: 24422893 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity in various resource-limited settings (RLSs), the impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on infant health outcomes has not been defined. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV coinfection among HIV-infected pregnant women and its impact on HIV transmission and infant mortality. METHODS In this study, the seroprevalence of HBV coinfection was determined among HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the Six-Week Extended-Dose Nevirapine (SWEN) India trial. The impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and infant mortality was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 689 HIV-infected pregnant Indian women, 32 (4.6%) had HBV coinfection [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4%, 5.3%]. HBV DNA was detectable in 18 (64%) of 28 HIV/HBV-coinfected women; the median HBV viral load was 155 copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR) < 51-6741 copies/mL]. Maternal HIV/HBV coinfection did not increase HIV transmission risk [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.06; 95% CI 0.30, 3.66; P = 0.93]. Increased odds of all-cause infant mortality was noted (aOR 3.12; 95% CI 0.67, 14.57; P = 0.15), but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of active maternal HBV coinfection in HIV-infected pregnant women in India was 4.6%. HIV/HBV coinfection was not independently associated with HIV transmission.
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Kulkarni V, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:880-5. [PMID: 24940307 PMCID: PMC4056486 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health centres in the Mangalore city in south India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing >2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Most of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing an important role.
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Papanna KM, Kulkarni V, Tanvi D, Lakshmi V, Kriti L, Unnikrishnan B, Akash S, Tejesh S, Sumit Kumar S. Perceptions and preferences of medical students regarding teaching methods in a Medical College, Mangalore India. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:808-13. [PMID: 24250325 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the complex setting of a medical school it becomes essential to utilize an approach to teaching and learning that is best suited to the needs of the students. In developing countries like India, where there is an exponential increase of institutions catering to medical students, it becomes a challenge to teach to large number of students per class. Hence, research is needed to identify the needs of students in relation to their day to day learning activities. OBJECTIVES To understand the preferences and perception of medical students about the current methods of teaching, aids used for teaching and also identify barriers in learning as perceived by the students. METHOD A Cross-sectional study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore during May 2012. Study participants included 2(nd) and 3(rd) year medical students. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information in relation to preferences and perceptions regarding teaching methods utilized for theory and clinical teaching. SPSS version 11.5 was used for analysis of data. The association between variables of interest was tested using Chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 286 students (56.6 % females and 43.4% males) participated with a dropout rate of 10.6%. The study revealed that 71.3% of the students had an attendance above 75%. The most preferred teaching method was Problem Based Learning (PBL) (71.4%) as students felt that it enhanced lateral thinking while Didactic Lectures was the least preferred (32.8%). The most preferred modality of teaching aid was found to be Black board preferred by 46.9% students. In learning rare signs and cases, students preferred video lectures (41%) and mannequins (75.9%) in learning clinical skills. The main barrier in theory learning identified was inappropriate teaching methods (15%) and being new to clinical posting (38.5%) in case of learning clinical skills. CONCLUSION The findings of the study suggest that a combination of traditional methods with other methods such as PBL, video lectures and mannequins could be an effective way of teaching theory and clinical skills.
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Rekha T, Singh P, Unnikrishnan B, Prasanna Mithra P, Kumar N, Prasad KDV, Raina V, Kumar Papanna M, Kulkarni V. Sputum collection and disposal among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in coastal South India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:621-3. [PMID: 23575327 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe sputum disposal practices minimise the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). OBJECTIVES To study the perceptions and practices of sputum disposal among PTB patients. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted among 206 diagnosed sputum-positive TB patients registered in selected DOTS centres in Mangalore. RESULTS Safe sputum disposal practice was followed by 50% of the subjects: it was higher among females (62%), patients of middle socio-economic status (75.5%) and those with a family history of TB (70%). Furthermore, 75% patients believed that TB was caused by several factors. CONCLUSIONS High proportions of subjects were unaware about the causes of TB and did not practise safe disposal of sputum.
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Bijjaragi S, Kulkarni V, Suresh KK, Chatura KR, Kumar P. Correlation of clinical and histopathological classification of leprosy in post elimination era. INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEPROSY 2012; 84:271-275. [PMID: 23720892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and histopathological correlative study was carried out in 171 cases of leprosy using the criteria laid down by Ridley and Jopling. There was male preponderance in the study with majority of patients (35.7%) in the age goup of 21-30 years. The overall concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis was 57.3%. Maximum concordance was seen in the polar ends of the spectrum with 76.9% in LL and 75.0% in TT. The concordance rate was lower in the borderline groups with 57.3% in BT, 40.0% in BL and least concordance of 16.7% in BB. However the concordance for IL was higher than the borderline groups with 66.7%. Cases in borderline group are in continuously changing immunological spectrum. Histological classification because of its definitive features gives a better indication than clinical classification for any recent shift of a case in the spectrum. Therefore skin biopsy should be done in all cases for correct classification of leprosy.
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Mothe B, Llano A, Rosati M, Perez-Alvarez S, Kulkarni V, Chowdhury B, Alicea C, Beach RK, Sardesai NY, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Brander C. A minimal T-cell immunogen designed to cover HIV-1 specificities associated with control is immunogenic in mice and breaks CTL immunodominance. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441675 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pavlakis GN, Kulkarni V, Valentin A, Rosati M, Sardesai NY, Mothe B, Brander C, LeGall S, Weiner DB, Rolland M, Mullins JI, Felber BK. DNA vaccines expressing conserved elements provide potent and broad immune responses. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441506 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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