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Wong M, Smith A, Miaskowski C, Musinipally V, Cohen H, Lam V, Mazor M, Ursem C, Loh K, Cohen J, Shumay D, Levin A, Dixit N, Grandi J, Walter L. “NO ENERGY, ZIP”: A MIXED METHODS COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONAL DECLINE DURING IMMUNOTHERAPY, TARGETED THERAPY, AND/OR CHEMOTHERAPY IN OLDER ADULTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC). J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tran H, Lam V, Vasquez M, Hong L, Colen R, Elshafeey N, Hassan I, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Blumenschein G, Carter B, Simon G, Lanman R, Raymond V, Elamin Y, Altan M, Tsao A, Gibbons D, Zhang J, Heymach J. P1.01-98 Outcomes in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with 1st Line EGFR-TKI Based on Mutation Detection from Tissue or cfDNA-Based Genomic Sequencing. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Elamin Y, Robichaux J, Carter B, Altan M, Gibbons D, Fossella F, Simon G, Lam V, Blumenschein G, Tsao A, Kurie J, Mott F, Negrao M, Hu L, He J, Nilsson M, Roeck B, Yang Z, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Heymach J. MA09.03 Identification of Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Poziotinib in EGFR Exon 20 Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sepesi B, Godoy M, William W, Vaporciyan A, Lin H, Leung C, Lee J, Mitchell K, Weissferdt A, Le X, Lam V, Fossella F, Swisher S, Heymach J, Cascone T. P2.04-90 Nodal Immune Flare (NIF) Following Neoadjuvant Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sepesi B, Cascone T, William W, Lin H, Leung C, Weissferdt A, Walsh G, Rice D, Roth J, Mehran R, Hofstetter W, Antonoff M, Fossella F, Mott F, Le X, Skoulidis F, Zhang J, Byers L, Lam V, Glisson B, Kurie J, Blumenschein G, Tsao A, Lu C, Altan M, Elamin Y, Gibbons D, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Lee J, Heymach J, Vaporciyan A, Swisher S. OA13.06 Surgical Outcomes Following Neoadjuvant Nivolumab or Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - NEOSTAR Study. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lewis W, Simon G, Mott F, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Rinsurongkawong W, Lewis J, Lee J, Roth J, Swisher S, Heymach J, Zhang J, Lam V. MA14.10 Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Squamous Lung Cancer with Targetable Driver Alterations. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wong ML, Miaskowski C, Smith AK, Boscardin WJ, Cohen HJ, Hurria A, Lam V, Ursem CJ, Blakely CM, Gubens MA, Jahan TM, McCoach CE, Allen GM, Rotow J, Dixit N, Musinipally V, Webber KR, Walter LC. Prognostic factors among older adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A multisite cohort study. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11540 Background: Prognosis in NSCLC is vital for clinical decision making. With the aging US population and rapidly changing treatment landscape, we aimed to identify prognostic factors among older adults with advanced NSCLC receiving chemo-, immuno-, and/or targeted therapy. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults age ≥65 with advanced NSCLC starting a new non-curative systemic treatment (chemo-, immuno-, and/or targeted therapy) at a Comprehensive Cancer Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and safety-net hospital. Prior to treatment initiation, patients completed a geriatric assessment including cognition, function, comorbidities, mood, social support, and quality of life. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Results: In a sample of 51 patients, median age was 73 (range 65-94). The majority of patients had stage IVB (59%) or IVA (39%) NSCLC. Current treatment included immunotherapy (37%), targeted therapy (29%), chemoimmunotherapy (18%), and chemo (16%). Most patients had received prior NSCLC treatment (80%): chemo (51%), targeted therapy (35%), immunotherapy (22%), radiation (RT; 47%), and/or surgery (19%). At enrollment, 73% had an abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment score < 26 (MoCA; median score 23) and 35% had an abnormal Timed Up and Go time ≥13.5 secs (TUG; median time 12.7 secs). Median OS was 12.5 months. In univariable analyses, stage IVB disease (HR 6.99, 95% CI 1.55-31.5), prior RT (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.08-8.21), worse MoCA score (HR 1.15 per 1 point change, 95% CI 1.03-1.28), and longer TUG time (HR 1.13 per 1 sec change, 95% CI 1.05-1.23) were associated with worse OS. Of note, age, current NSCLC treatment, line of therapy, and Karnofsky Performance Status were not associated with OS. In multivariable analysis, MoCA score was the only statistically significant prognostic factor (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30). Conclusions: We found that abnormal pretreatment cognition is very common and an important prognostic factor among older adults with advanced NSCLC. Pretreatment screening for cognitive impairment should be considered to inform prognostication, decision making, and treatment planning.
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Elisia I, Cho B, Hay M, Li MY, Hofs E, Lam V, Dyer RA, Lum J, Krystal G. The effect of diet and exercise on tobacco carcinogen-induced lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:448-460. [PMID: 30874285 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we found that low-carbohydrate (CHO) diets reduced the incidence of tumors in mice genetically predisposed to cancer. However, because >90% of human cancers arise via carcinogen-induced somatic mutations, we investigated, herein, the role that different types and levels of CHO, protein and lipid play in lung cancer induced by the tobacco-specific carcinogen, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) in A/J mice. We found lowering CHO levels significantly reduced lung nodules and blood glucose levels. We also found that soy protein was superior to casein and that coconut oil was ineffective at reducing lung nodules. Diets containing amylose or inulin (at 15% of total calories), soy protein (at 35%) and fat (at 50%, 30% being fish oil) were the most effective at reducing lung nodules. These fish oil-containing diets increased plasma levels of the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, while reducing both insulin and 8-isoprostane in plasma and bronchoalveolar interleukin-12 and lung PGE2 levels. After only 2 weeks on this diet, the levels of γ-H2AX were significantly reduced, 24 hours after NNK treatment. Housing these mice in two-tiered rat cages with exercise wheels led to similar mouse weights on the different diets, whereas keeping mice in standard mouse cages led to both significant weight differences between the low-CHO, soy protein, fish oil diet and Western diet and substantially more lung nodules than in the two-tiered cages. Our results suggest that low-CHO, soy protein, fish oil-containing diets, together with exercise, may reduce the incidence of lung cancer.
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Kiss-Lane T, Spruijt O, Day T, Lam V, Ramchandran KJ, Chan S, Hsin G, Vallath N, Bhatnagar S, Rajagopal MR, Lorenz KA. Palliative care clinicians and online education in India: a survey. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2018; 9:e35. [PMID: 30301753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether online resources can facilitate spread of palliative care knowledge and skills in India is an urgent question given few providers and a large, ageing population. OBJECTIVES We surveyed needs and feasibility regarding e-learning. METHODS Indian, Australian and North American palliative care experts developed an electronic survey using Qualtrics, emailed to all registrants of the 2017 Indian Association of Palliative Care (IAPC) conference and distributed during the conference. RESULTS Of 60 respondents (66% men, 60% doctors), most worked in hospitals and had oncology backgrounds, and 35% were from Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Most (90.9%) received palliative care training in India or overseas with 41% trained in a Trivandrum Institute of Palliative Sciences residential course (4-6 weeks). 17% completed the IAPC essential certificate and 22% had undertaken various distance learning courses. Interest in online training was substantial for most aspects of palliative care. CONCLUSION There was a high level of interest and reported feasibility in taking a case-based online course. This pilot survey provides support for online case-based education in India, particularly among physicians.
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Lam V, Tran H, Vasquez M, Li K, Yuen K, Vang F, Jaimovich A, Kennedy D, Odegaard J, Mortimer S, Olsen S, Raymond V, Vaporciyan A, Antonoff M, Walsh G, Roarty E, Lacerda L, Roth J, Swisher S, Bernatchez C, Sepesi B, Gibbons D, Zhang J, Heymach J. MA23.02 Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis with a Novel Variant Classifier for Recurrence Detection in Resected, Early-Stage Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heymach J, Negrao M, Robichaux J, Carter B, Patel A, Altan M, Gibbons D, Fossella F, Simon G, Lam V, Blumenschein G, Tsao A, Kurie J, Mott F, Jenkins D, Mack D, Feng L, Roeck B, Yang Z, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Elamin Y. OA02.06 A Phase II Trial of Poziotinib in EGFR and HER2 exon 20 Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kiedrowski L, Lam V, Piotrowska Z, Tsao A, Wells A, Lanman R, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Nagy R. MA16.01 Frequency and Genomic Context of Emerging Markers for Molecular Testing in Lung Adenocarcinoma in Cell-Free DNA NGS Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Elisia I, Pae HB, Lam V, Cederberg R, Hofs E, Krystal G. Comparison of RAW264.7, human whole blood and PBMC assays to screen for immunomodulators. J Immunol Methods 2018; 452:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Elisia I, Lam V, Hofs E, Li MY, Hay M, Cho B, Brooks-Wilson A, Rosin M, Bu L, Jia W, Krystal G. Effect of age on chronic inflammation and responsiveness to bacterial and viral challenges. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188881. [PMID: 29186188 PMCID: PMC5706672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify reliable biomarkers of age-related changes in chronic inflammation and responsiveness to bacterial and viral challenges, we evaluated endogenous and ex vivo stimulated levels of 18 inflammatory markers, using whole blood collected in EDTA and sodium heparin tubes from 41 healthy volunteers, i.e., 11 men + 10 women aged 20–35 and 10 men + 10 women aged 50–77. These studies revealed significant differences in the levels of inflammatory markers when blood was collected in EDTA versus sodium heparin and age related differences in these biomarkers were confirmed with blood collected in EDTA from 120 healthy volunteers in 3 age categories, ie, 20 men + 20 women, aged 20–35, 36–49 and 50–77. Studies with unstimulated blood samples, to measure levels of chronic inflammation, revealed a significant increase with age in IL-12p70, CRP and PGE2, consistent with the concept of “inflammaging”, and a decrease in G-CSF in both men and women. Interestingly, in response to E. coli stimulation, PGE2 levels were markedly reduced in the 50–77 year old cohort while they were increased following Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) stimulation, along with IL-8. In addition, unlike E. coli, HSV-1 potently stimulated IFNα production, but levels were dramatically reduced in the older cohort, consistent with a reduced ability to generate an anti-viral response. We also found platelets and CD8+ T cells were reduced with age while CD4+ T cells were significantly increased, resulting in a substantially higher CD4/CD8 ratio in the older cohort. Surprisingly, however, we found that the older cohort exhibited more T cell proliferation and IFNγ production in response to anti-CD3+anti-CD28 stimulation. Importantly, there was considerable person-to-person variation in these inflammatory markers in all age groups, making possible comparisons between a person’s “inflammage” and chronological age. These assays should help to identify individuals at high risk of autoimmune disorders and cancer.
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Franks E, Halvorsen E, Melesse E, Unni A, Collier J, Oh M, Lam V, Krystal G, English J, Lam W, Lam S, Abraham N, Bennewith K, Lockwood W. MA 05.12 Oncogenic Drivers Induce Production of CCL5 to Recruit Regulatory T-Cells Early in Lung Cancer Progression. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang J, Gong Y, Nong J, Yi Y, Guan Y, Yang L, Jia H, Zhang S, Yi X, Liao Z, Lam V, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Wistuba I, Heymach J, Glisson B, Futreal A, Xia X, Zhang J. MA 01.03 The Potential of ctDNA Sequencing in Disease Monitoring and Depicting Genomic Evolution of Small-Cell Lung Cancer Under Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Elamin Y, Robichaux J, Lam V, Tsao A, Lu C, Blumenschein G, Kurie J, Brahmer J, Li S, Chen T, Estrada-Bernal A, Truini A, Nilsson M, Le A, Tan Z, Zhang S, Doebele R, Politi K, Yang Z, Liu S, Wong K, Heymach J. OA 12.01 The Preclinical and Clinical Activity of Poziotinib, a Potent, Selective Inhibitor of EGFR Exon 20 Mutant NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abir M, Truchil A, Lam V, Forman J, Koegel P, Lozon M, Levites-Agababa E, Bright A, Brenner J. 167 Evaluating Patient-Centered Interventions to Reduce Pediatric Asthma-Related Acute Care Utilization. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weinberg J, Raineki C, Bodnar T, Lan N, Uban K, Lam V, Hellemans K. Prenatal alcohol exposure: Fetal programming, alcohol-stress interactions, and sex differences in outcome. Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.02.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ho VW, Hofs E, Elisia I, Lam V, Hsu BE, Lai J, Luk B, Samudio I, Krystal G. All Trans Retinoic Acid, Transforming Growth Factor β and Prostaglandin E2 in Mouse Plasma Synergize with Basophil-Secreted Interleukin-4 to M2 Polarize Murine Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168072. [PMID: 27977740 PMCID: PMC5158015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we found that macrophages (MФs) from SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase (SHIP) deficient mice are M2 polarized while their wild type (WT) counterparts are M1 polarized and that this difference in MФ phenotype can be recapitulated during in vitro derivation from bone marrow if mouse plasma (MP), but not fetal calf serum, is added to standard M-CSF-containing cultures. In the current study we investigated the mechanism by which MP skews SHIP-/- but not +/+ MФs to an M2 phenotype. Our results suggest that SHIP-/- basophils constitutively secrete higher levels of IL-4 than SHIP+/+ basophils and this higher level of IL-4 is sufficient to skew both SHIP+/+ and SHIP-/- MФs to an M2 phenotype, but only when MP is present to increase the sensitivity of the MФs to this level of IL-4. MP increases the IL-4 sensitivity of both SHIP+/+ and -/- MФs not by increasing cell surface IL-4 or CD36 receptor levels, but by triggering the activation of Erk and Akt and the production of ROS, all of which play a critical role in sensitizing MФs to IL-4-induced M2 skewing. Studies to identify the factor(s) in MP responsible for promoting IL-4-induced M2 skewing suggests that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), TGFβ and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) all play a role. Taken together, these results indicate that basophil-secreted IL-4 plays an essential role in M2 skewing and that ATRA, TGFβ and PGE2 within MP collaborate to dramatically promote M2 skewing by acting directly on MФs to increase their sensitivity to IL-4.
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Hamilton MJ, Halvorsen EC, LePard NE, Bosiljcic M, Ho VW, Lam V, Banáth J, Bennewith KL, Krystal G. SHIP represses lung inflammation and inhibits mammary tumor metastasis in BALB/c mice. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3677-91. [PMID: 26683227 PMCID: PMC4826161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SH2-containing-inositol-5'-phosphatase (SHIP) is a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway in hematopoietic cells and limits the development of leukemias and lymphomas. The potential role of SHIP in solid tumor development and metastasis remains unknown. While SHIP restricts the aberrant development of myeloid cells in C57BL/6 mice, there are conflicting reports regarding the effect of SHIP deletion in BALB/c mice with important consequences for determining the influence of SHIP in different model tumor systems. We generated SHIP-/- BALB/c mice and challenged them with syngeneic non-metastatic 67NR or metastatic 4T1 mammary tumors. We demonstrate that SHIP restricts the development, alternative-activation, and immunosuppressive function of myeloid cells in tumor-free and tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Tumor-free SHIP-/- BALB/c mice exhibited pulmonary inflammation, myeloid hyperplasia, and M2-polarized macrophages and this phenotype was greatly exacerbated by 4T1, but not 67NR, tumors. 4T1-bearing SHIP-/- mice rapidly lost weight and died from necrohemorrhagic inflammatory pulmonary disease, characterized by massive infiltration of pulmonary macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells that were more M2-polarized and immunosuppressive than wild-type cells. Importantly, while SHIP loss did not affect primary tumor growth, 4T1-bearing SHIP-/- mice had 7.5-fold more metastatic tumor cells in their lungs than wild-type mice, consistent with the influence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells on metastatic growth. Our findings identify the hematopoietic cell-restricted protein SHIP as an intriguing target to influence the development of solid tumor metastases, and support development of SHIP agonists to prevent the accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and tumor metastases in the lungs to improve treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Giles C, Albrecht MA, Lam V, Takechi R, Mamo JC. Biostatistical analysis of quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy images. J Microsc 2016; 264:321-333. [PMID: 27439177 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Semiquantitative immunofluorescence microscopy has become a key methodology in biomedical research. Typical statistical workflows are considered in the context of avoiding pseudo-replication and marginalising experimental error. However, immunofluorescence microscopy naturally generates hierarchically structured data that can be leveraged to improve statistical power and enrich biological interpretation. Herein, we describe a robust distribution fitting procedure and compare several statistical tests, outlining their potential advantages/disadvantages in the context of biological interpretation. Further, we describe tractable procedures for power analysis that incorporates the underlying distribution, sample size and number of images captured per sample. The procedures outlined have significant potential for increasing understanding of biological processes and decreasing both ethical and financial burden through experimental optimization.
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Samudio I, Rezvani K, Shaim H, Hofs E, Ngom M, Bu L, Liu G, Lee JTC, Imren S, Lam V, Poon GFT, Ghaedi M, Takei F, Humphries K, Jia W, Krystal G. UV-inactivated HSV-1 potently activates NK cell killing of leukemic cells. Blood 2016; 127:2575-86. [PMID: 26941401 PMCID: PMC4892253 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) potently activates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to lyse leukemic cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia samples, but not healthy allogeneic lymphocytes. Intriguingly, we found that UV light-inactivated HSV-1 (UV-HSV-1) is equally effective in promoting PBMC cytolysis of leukemic cells and is 1000- to 10 000-fold more potent at stimulating innate antileukemic responses than UV-inactivated cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, reovirus, or adenovirus. Mechanistically, UV-HSV-1 stimulates PBMC cytolysis of leukemic cells, partly via Toll-like receptor-2/protein kinase C/nuclear factor-κB signaling, and potently stimulates expression of CD69, degranulation, migration, and cytokine production in natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting that surface components of UV-HSV-1 directly activate NK cells. Importantly, UV-HSV-1 synergizes with interleukin-15 (IL-15) and IL-2 in inducing activation and cytolytic activity of NK cells. Additionally, UV-HSV-1 stimulates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation-dependent oxygen consumption in NK cells, but only glycolysis is required for their enhanced antileukemic activity. Last, we demonstrate that T cell-depleted human PBMCs exposed to UV-HSV-1 provide a survival benefit in a murine xenograft model of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Taken together, our results support the preclinical development of UV-HSV-1 as an adjuvant, alone or in combination with IL-15, for allogeneic donor mononuclear cell infusions to treat AML.
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Al-Salami H, Mamo JC, Mooranian A, Negrulj R, Lam V, Elahy M, Takechi R. Long-Term Supplementation of Microencapsulated ursodeoxycholic Acid Prevents Hypertension in a Mouse Model of Insulin Resistance. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 125:28-32. [PMID: 27219878 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant comorbidity associated with insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Limited evidence show that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has some anti-hypertensive effects. However, the potential effect of UDCA on hypertension induced by type-2 diabetic insulin resistance has not been reported. In C57Bl6 wild-type mice, insulin resistance was induced by the chronic ingestion of diet enriched in fat and fructose (HFF). HFF mice were randomized to treatment with UDCA or candersartan incorporated into the diet to achieve an ingested dose of approximately 70 mg/kg/day of UDCA or 3 mg/kg/day respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured with tail-cuff method. At 4 weeks of dietary treatment systolic and diastolic blood pressure were comparable in HFF and low-fat (LF) control mice. Co-administration of candesartan at 4 weeks significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, UDCA showed no anti-hypertensive effect at 4 weeks. At 24 weeks of dietary intervention, HFF fed mice had substantially elevated systolic blood pressure compared to LF controls. The provision of UDCA substantially attenuated the dietary HFF induced increase in systolic blood pressure concomitant with significantly lower plasma angiotensin II. The anti-hypertensive effect of UDCA in HFF mice was comparable to candesartan. The data suggests that long term supplementation of UDCA effectively lowers hypertension in a dietary induced model of type-2 diabetic insulin resistance.
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Elisia I, Nakamura H, Lam V, Hofs E, Cederberg R, Cait J, Hughes MR, Lee L, Jia W, Adomat HH, Guns ES, McNagny KM, Samudio I, Krystal G. DMSO Represses Inflammatory Cytokine Production from Human Blood Cells and Reduces Autoimmune Arthritis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152538. [PMID: 27031833 PMCID: PMC4816398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is currently used as an alternative treatment for various inflammatory conditions as well as for cancer. Despite its widespread use, there is a paucity of data regarding its safety and efficacy as well as its mechanism of action in human cells. Herein, we demonstrate that DMSO has ex-vivo anti-inflammatory activity using Escherichia coli- (E. coli) and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)-stimulated whole human blood. Specifically, we found that between 0.5%-2%, DMSO significantly suppressed the expression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, a significant reduction in monocyte viability was also observed at 2% DMSO, suggesting a narrow window of efficacy. Anti-inflammatory concentrations of DMSO suppressed E. coli-induced ERK1/2, p38, JNK and Akt phosphorylation, suggesting DMSO acts on these signaling pathways to suppress inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. Although DMSO induces the differentiation of B16/F10 melanoma cells in vitro, topical administration of DMSO to mice subcutaneously implanted with B16 melanoma cells was ineffective at reducing tumor growth, DMSO was also found to block mouse macrophages from polarizing to either an M1- or an M2-phenotype, which may contribute to its inability to slow tumor growth. Topical administration of DMSO, however, significantly mitigated K/BxN serum-induced arthritis in mice, and this was associated with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the joints and white blood cell levels in the blood. Thus, while we cannot confirm the efficacy of DMSO as an anti-cancer agent, the use of DMSO in arthritis warrants further investigation to ascertain its therapeutic potential.
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