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Arruda WO. [Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: 100 years of the discovery of X-rays]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1996; 54:525-31. [PMID: 9110002 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1996000300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years after its discovery, one can hardly conceive the medical practice without the existence of X rays. A brief account of X rays discovery and about it notable discoverer is presented.
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Meneses MS, Arruda WO, Ramina R. Third ventricular cysticercal cyst mimicking a colloid cyst: case report. Neurosurgery 1996; 39:623. [PMID: 8875500 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199609000-00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Tsubouchi MH, Arruda WO, Pedrozo AA, Meneses MS, Ramina R, Bleggi-Torres LF. [Actinomycotic abscess of the cerebellum: a case report]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1995; 53:498-502. [PMID: 8540830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A 38 year-old man presented fever and a clinical picture of intracranial hypertension and ataxic syndrome. A CT-scan disclosed an expanding lesion of the cerebellum. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed and pathological examination made the diagnosis of an actinomycotic abscess. The probable primary source of infection were the lungs and/or oral cavity. The postoperative course was uneventful, with complete recovery after a long period of treatment with penicillin (IV and PO). The authors review some aspects about central nervous system involvement in actinomycosis.
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Arruda WO, Clemente RS, Ramina R, Pedrozo AA, Pilotto RF, Pinto Júnior W, Bleggi-Torres LF. Familial glioblastoma. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1995; 53:312-7. [PMID: 7487546 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1995000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a family with three members affected by glioblastoma. The proband patient, a 7 year-old girl, developed a rare complication, a pulmonary metastasis. Chromosomal analysis of her peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a normal karyotype (46, XX), without structural abnormalities. Cytogenetic study of the tumor cells disclosed several abnormalities: 46, XX, 7q-/46, XX, -2, 4p-, 7p-, +15/46, XX. Some aspects about genetics of glial neoplasms are discussed.
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30
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Arruda WO. Epilepsy is a disease! ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1994; 52:596-7. [PMID: 7611960 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1994000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
According to the definition of disease, epilepsy shall not be considered neither a symptom nor a syndrome. Epilepsy is a generic term for a group of diseases characterized by seizures. It implies a state quite distinct from health. Therefore it seems worthy to keep epilepsy as such in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
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31
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Arruda WO, Ramina R, Pedrozo AA, Meneses MS. Brainstem cysticercosis simulating cystic tumor lesion. A case report. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1994; 52:431-4. [PMID: 7893223 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1994000300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the case of a 37 year-old man with a solitary cysticercus cyst in the brainstem (pons) successfully removed through a suboccipital craniectomy. Surgery in neurocysticercosis has been indicated in patients with hydrocephalus and/or large cystic lesions. Cystic lesions in the brainstem and spinal cord may have indication for surgery for two reasons: (1) diagnosis; and (2) treatment. Aspects related to differential diagnosis and therapeutic alternatives are discussed.
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32
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Tsubouchi MH, Arruda WO, Ramina R, Meneses MS, Pedrozo AA, Favorito LF, Clemente RS. [Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage nonaneurysmatic: report of a case and literature review]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1994; 52:78-81. [PMID: 8002813 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1994000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A 42 year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage was admitted in our Service (Hunt & Hess grade II). CT-scan disclosed predominantly perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Digital subtraction angiographic study did not disclose either cerebral aneurysm or any other potential site of intracranial bleeding. The evolution was uneventful. A DSA was repeated one month later and was negative. Four months later, the patient was asymptomatic. The authors review the literature and emphasize the importance in recognizing this benign clinical form of nonaneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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33
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Arruda WO, Engelstad J, Dyck PJ. Neuropathologic and morphometric effects of aminoguanidine on rat nerves. J Neurol Sci 1992; 113:80-4. [PMID: 1469458 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(92)90268-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aminoguanidine prevents some pathophysiologic changes typical of streptozocin diabetes and, therefore, might be efficacious in prevention or treatment of human diabetic polyneuropathy. In order to evaluate the possible toxicity of aminoguanidine on peripheral nerves, Sprague-Dawley rats received aminoguanidine intraperitoneally in dosages of 0, 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg per day for 3 months. Only rats receiving the highest dosages developed acute and chronic behavioral changes and had decreased weight gain. Minor hepatic dysfunction also was observed in this group. Teased-fiber abnormalities were not significantly more frequent in the highest dosage group than in controls. Likewise, a significant morphometric abnormality was not found for the peroneal nerve. Mild changes were found in the highest dosage group compared to the control group in the sural nerve (increased fiber density, decreased myelin area). We interpret the small morphometric differences for the sural nerve as due to maldevelopment. We found no evidence that aminoguanidine at a high dosage (300 mg/kg per day) caused fiber degeneration or demyelination.
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34
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Arruda WO, de Lacerda Júnior FS. Electrocardiographic findings in acute cerebrovascular hemorrhage. A prospective study of 70 patients. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1992; 50:269-74. [PMID: 1308402 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1992000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seventy patients with hemorrhagic stroke were prospectively evaluated regarding the electrocardiographic abnormalities observed within the first 48 hours of the ictus. Group I comprised 55 patients with spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, and group II 15 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients taking cardiac drugs (beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, inotropic drugs) or with severe metabolic/electrolyte disturbances were excluded. The most common ECG abnormality was a prolonged Q-Tc interval: group I, 37 (67.2%); group II, 8 (53.3%). Only 4 (7.2% patients of group I and no patient of group II had a normal ECG. No relation was found between the site of the intracerebral hematoma and the occurrence of any particular ECG change. A prolonged Q-Tc may be related to the development of severe cardiac arrhythmias observed in some patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage.
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35
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Arruda WO. Neurocysticercotic versus idiopathic epilepsy: a comparative study of 175 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54:1015. [PMID: 1800648 PMCID: PMC1014631 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.54.11.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish the etiology of epilepsy in 210 chronic epileptics (110 female, 100 male), aged 14-82 years (34.2 +/- 13.3). Patients less than 10 years-old and alcoholism were excluded. All underwent neurological examination, routine blood tests, EEG and CT-scan. Twenty patients (10.5%) were submitted to spinal tap for CSF examination. Neurological examination was abnormal in 26 (12.4%), the EEG in 68 (45.5%), and CT-scan in 93 (44.3%). According to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (1981), 101 (48.1%) have generalized seizures, 66 (31.4%) partial seizures secondarily generalized, 25 (11.8%) simple partial and complex partial seizures, and 14 (6.6%) generalized and partial seizures. Four patients (2.0%) could not be classified. In 125 (59.5%) patients the etiology was unknown. Neurocysticercosis accounted for 57 (27.1%) of cases, followed by cerebrovascular disease 8 (3.8%), perinatal damage 5 (2.4%), familial epilepsy 4 (1.9%), head injury 4 (1.9%), infective 1 (0.5%), and miscelanea 6 (2.8%).
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37
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Arruda WO, Petzl-Erler ML, Cardoso MA, Lehner T, Ott J. Late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. A family description and linkage analysis with the HLA system. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1991; 49:285-91. [PMID: 1807228 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1991000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A family suffering an autosomal dominant form of late onset hereditary cerebellar ataxia is described. Eight affected family members were personally studied, and data from another four were obtained through anamnesis. The mean age of onset was 37.1 +/- 5.4 years (27-47 years). The clinical picture consisted basically of a pure ataxic cerebellar syndrome. CT-scan disclosed diffuse cerebellar atrophy with relative sparing of the brainstem and no involvement of supratentorial structures. Neurophysiological studies (nerve conduction, VEP and BAEP) were normal. Twenty-six individuals were typed for HLA histocompatibility antigens. Lod scores were calculated with the computer program LINKMAP. Close linkage of the ataxia gene with the HLA system in this family could be excluded--0 = 0.02, z = (-2.17)--and the overall analysis of the lod scores suggest another chromosomal location than chromosome 6.
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38
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Teive HA, Arruda WO, Trevisol-Bittencourt PC. [Machado-Joseph disease: description of 5 members of a family]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1991; 49:172-9. [PMID: 1810235 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1991000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the clinical and laboratorial findings of 5 affected members (all males) of a family with Machado-Joseph disease. The mode a inheritance was autosomal dominant. The mean onset age was 38 years (range 30-50 years). The clinical picture was pleomorphic and included cerebellar ataxia, external ophthalmoplegia with bulging eyes, extrapyramidal/pyramidal syndromes, amyotrophy with fasciculations and peripheral neuropathy, in variable degrees of severity. In one patient parkinsonian rigidity was greatly improved with the use of trihexaphenidyl and L-dopa. CT scan examinations disclosed a variable degree of cerebellar atrophy, with mild cerebral atrophy in one patient. Brainstem evoked potentials were normal in two patients. EMG showed denervation in three patients. Muscle biopsy (gastrocnemium) with histochemical studies revealed chronic muscle denervation in four cases. Sural nerve biopsy with conventional pathological study was normal in four cases. This family was living in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, where there is a great number of Portuguese descendants from the Azores Islands. The worldwide presence of the disease seems to result from the genic diffusion of the disease with the Portuguese emigration during the Great Navigations Era and with some later emigratory settlement.
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39
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Arruda WO. Frontal lobe syndrome from bilateral globus pallidus lesions. A complication of Wernicke's encephalopathy. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1991; 49:215-7. [PMID: 1810243 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1991000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 38 year-old man developed the classical clinical picture of Wernicke's encephalopathy as a consequence of prolonged total parenteral nutrition. As a late complication he developed a frontal lobe syndrome. Bilateral globus pallidus lesions were observed in the CT-scan examination. Some aspects related to the cortical syndromes caused by subcortical lesions are discussed.
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40
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Arruda WO. [Classification of hereditary cerebellar ataxias]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1991; 49:57-65. [PMID: 1863243 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1991000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hereditary cerebellar ataxias are one of the most complex group of neurogenetic diseases. A review of the several attempts do classify the heredoataxias is presented. The classifications based on clinical and genetic grounds are the most useful. The recent advances in molecular genetics are prone to give important clues for elucidation and understanding of the pathogenesis of heredodegenerative cerebellar diseases.
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Arruda WO, Camargo NJ, Coelho RC. Neurocysticercosis: an epidemiological survey in two small rural communities. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1990; 48:419-24. [PMID: 2094187 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1990000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the epidemiological findings related to human taeniasis and cysticercosis, and swine cysticercosis in two small rural communities, Postinho (P) and Tigre (T), of South Brazil. The prevalence of epilepsy was 2.04% (P) and 2.25% (T). The prevalence of neurocysticercosis was 0.47% (P) and 0.93% (T), and prevalence of swine cysticercosis was 12.8% (P) and 27.8% (T). Taenia sp. infestation was detected in 4.3% (P) and 4.6% (T) of stool examinations. The hyperendemic human taeniasis and cysticercosis and swine cysticercosis seems to be related to poor hygienic habits of the population, and the free access to human excreta by the pigs.
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Meneses MS, Thurel C, Mikol J, Ramina R, Maniglia JJ, Arruda WO, Cophignon J. Esthesioneuroblastoma with intracranial extension. Neurosurgery 1990; 27:813-9; discussion 819-20. [PMID: 2259415 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199011000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present five cases of olfactory neuroblastoma with intracranial extension operated on in the Department of Neurosurgery in collaboration with otorhinolaryngologists. This tumor is most frequently reported as growing inside the nasal cavities, and it can extend to the paranasal sinuses. Cases presenting initially as intracranial tumors have been infrequently reported. At present, histological diagnosis of this tumor is aided by the use of electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Total resection combined with radiation therapy remains the most satisfactory treatment.
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Arruda WO, Torres LF, Lombes A, DiMauro S, Cardoso BA, Teive HA, De Paola D, Seixas RR. Mitochondrial myopathy and myoclonic epilepsy. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1990; 48:32-43. [PMID: 2165773 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1990000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a family (mother, son and two daughters) with mitochondrial myopathy. The mother was asymptomatic. Two daughters had lactic acidosis and myoclonic epilepsy, mild dementia, ataxia, weakness and sensory neuropathy. The son suffered one acute hemiplegic episode due to an ischemic infarct in the right temporal region. All the patients studied had hypertension. EEG disclosed photomyoclonic response in the proband patient. Muscle biopsy disclosed ragged-red fibers and abnormal mitochondria by electron microscopy. Biochemical analysis showed a defect of cytochrome C oxidase in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle. Several clinical and genetic aspects of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are discussed.
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Ramina R, Arruda WO, Prestes AC, Parolin MK, Teive HG, Meneses MS. Arterial graft reconstruction in an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Neurosurgery 1990; 26:327-9. [PMID: 2308683 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199002000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of a large aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery that was treated by resection of the aneurysm sac and reconstruction of the vessel is presented. The middle cerebral artery was reconstructed using a graft from the superficial temporal artery (STA). Cerebral vessel reconstructions are usually carried out with veins as grafts. This paper shows the possibility of using the STA as a graft. When a vessel reconstruction is contemplated, the skin flap should be planned in order to save the STA.
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Arruda WO, Brito Filho D, Rosa SL, Fontoura PS, Cardoso MDA. Factors affecting diazepam availability from intravenous admixture solutions. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1989; 47:291-4. [PMID: 2619606 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1989000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors studied the availability of parenteral solutions of diazepam in glass bottles or polyethylene (PE) containers during infusion through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) administration sets. Diazepam solutions in concentration of 1000 mg/500 ml in 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) and 5% glucose (G5W) injection were infused at a flow rate of 30 ml/h, and samples were taken from the bottle and at the end of the administration set, till 12 hours of infusion. The samples were tested in triplicate using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The greatest loss of diazepam was observed in all solutions at 30 minutes of infusion (63.5% G5W glass, 60.5% NS glass, 55% G5W PE and 58% NS PE from the original concentration of 200 micrograms/ml). The diazepam concentrations in the containers did not significantly changed. The loss of diazepam from solutions infused through PVC administration sets should be kept in mind in severe clinical situations as status epilepticus, tetanus and eclampsia.
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46
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Ramina R, Arruda WO, Prestes AC, Parolim MK. Severe optochiasmatic arachnoiditis after rupture of an internal carotid artery aneurysm. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1989; 47:192-6. [PMID: 2597011 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1989000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The case of a 24-year-old man with progressive visual loss due to optochiasmatic arachnoiditis is presented. The cause of the arachnoiditis was subarachnoidal bleeding due to rupture of an internal carotid artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was clipped 5 years after the first episode of bleeding. The diagnosis of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis was confirmed during the operation. This case is presented in order to discuss the causes, the symptoms and the therapeutical possibilities of this rare condition.
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47
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Arruda WO, Teive HA, Ramina R, Wunder PR, Rocha LC. Autonomic neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52:539-40. [PMID: 2738600 PMCID: PMC1032315 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.52.4.539-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Arruda WO, Teive HA, Torres LF, Ramina R, Parolim MK, Maniglia JJ, Barrionuevo CE. [Glomus tumors of the temporal bone: a report of 6 cases]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1989; 47:51-60. [PMID: 2548464 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1989000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors review the clinical, radiological and pathological features of 6 cases of glomus tumors of the temporal bone. Out of the 6 patients, 5 were female; age was distributed between 22 and 76 years (mean 48 years). The main clinical features were hypoacusia, tinnitus and otoscopic findings suggestive of the diagnosis. In one case was noted the concomitant presence of a neurinoma of the VIII cranial nerve with a ipsilateral glomus tumor, and in another case there was a concomitancy of carotid body tumor with temporal glomus jugularis tumor. Metastases were not observed in any case. Tumoral lesions were successfully ressected employing microsurgical techniques and a multidisciplinary staff involving neurosurgeons, head and neck surgeons and otolaryngologists. Radioteraphy was not employed, neither pre-operative embolization. Some aspects related to the nosology, embriology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this interesting type of neoplasms are discussed.
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Cardoso BDA, Schulz I, Preger A, Arruda WO. [Chronic muscular dysfunction of the bulbar innervation in hyperthyroidism: report of a case]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1988; 46:393-6. [PMID: 3245770 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1988000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of chronic bulbar muscular dysfunction in a thyrotoxic man, with complete remission of the symptoms after the use of propranolol, with and without concomitant use of propylthiouracil. Some aspects of this unique complication of hyperthyroidism are discussed.
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Teive HG, Arruda WO, Bittar NE, Gorz AM, Minguetti G. [Isaacs syndrome: report of a case]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 1988; 46:182-6. [PMID: 3202716 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1988000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of Isaacs syndrome observed in a 40 years old woman. The clinical picture included progressive muscular weakness, dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea and increased perspiration. Fasciculations, facial myokymia and pseudomyotonia were observed on physical examination. Electromyographic study at rest revealed continuous electrical muscle activity. Muscle histochemistry showed type II fibers atrophy and an ultrastructural study of the gastrocnemius muscle disclosed marked cysternal dilatation of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum. An excellent clinical response was observed with the use of carbamazepine. Some recent aspects of this rare syndrome are reviewed and discussed.
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