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Kishida T, Akiyoshi K, Erdenedalai E, Enhetomuru A, Imai S, Oyama Y. Cellular adverse actions of dibromoacetonitrile, a by-product in water bacterial control, at sublethal levels in rat thymocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 51:145-149. [PMID: 29802943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), a by-product in water bacterial control, at sublethal concentrations on rat thymocytes, by using a cytometric technique with appropriate fluorescent dyes. By using this method, the possibility that DBAN induces cellular actions related to oxidative stress was assessed. DBAN reduced the content of cellular nonprotein thiols under Zn2+-free conditions. It elevated the intracellular level of Zn2+, being independent from external Zn2+. DBAN increased cell vulnerability to the cytotoxic action of hydrogen peroxide. These actions of DBAN were likely related to oxidative stress. DBAN is formed by the reaction of bromides and chlorinated oxidants during water disinfection. Hydrolysis of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, an antimicrobial used in hydraulic fracturing fluids for production of shale gas and oil, produces DBAN. Therefore, the concern regarding the levels of DBAN in industrial water systems is necessary to avoid the environmental risk to humans and wild mammals.
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Funakoshi Y, Azuma A, Ishikawa M, Itsuki S, Tamura Y, Kanemaru K, Hirai S, Oyama Y. Cytometrical analysis of the adverse effects of indican, indoxyl, indigo, and indirubin on rat thymic lymphocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:513-520. [PMID: 30090601 PMCID: PMC6062345 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many businesses thrive by producing health supplements from agricultural products, as exemplified by the production of functional (or health) foods using plants traditionally cultivated in rural areas. Dyes, such as indican, indigo, indoxyl, and indirubin, present in dye plants, possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative activities. However, these effects may also lead to cytotoxicity. Thus, studies on normal mammalian cells are necessary to identify cytotoxicity and prevent adverse effects of functional foods that contain these dyes. In this study, the effects of indican, indigo, indoxyl, and indirubin were evaluated by flow cytometry using appropriate fluorescent probes in rat thymic lymphocytes. Among the dyes analyzed, indirubin exerted distinct cellular activities. Treatment with indirubin (10-30 μM) increased the population of shrunken dead cells. The side scatter, but not forward scatter, increased in indirubin-treated living cells. It increased the population of annexin V-bound living and dead cells and that of dead cells without annexin V. Indirubin elevated intracellular Ca2+, but not Zn2+ levels. The cellular content of superoxide anions increased and that of glutathione decreased. Indirubin depolarized the cellular plasma and mitochondrial membranes. It did not potentiate or attenuate the cytotoxicity of A23187 (Ca2+ overload) and H2O2 (oxidative stress). The results suggested that indirubin induces both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. It may be difficult to predict and prevent the adverse effects of indirubin due to its diverse activities on normal mammalian cells. Therefore, indirubin should be removed from products that contain dye plant extracts.
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Noma K, Akaike H, Kurauchi Y, Katsuki H, Oyama Y, Akaike N. Effects of triphenyltin on glycinergic transmission on rat spinal neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:186-193. [PMID: 29453030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycine is a fast inhibitory transmitter like γ-aminobutyric acid in the mammalian spinal cord and brainstem, and it is involved in motor reflex, nociception, and neuronal development. Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organometallic compound causing environmental hazard to many wild creatures. Our previous findings show that TPT ultimately induces a drain and/or exhaustion of glutamate in excitatory presynaptic nerve terminals, resulted in blockage of neurotransmission as well as methylmercury. Therefore, we have investigated the neurotoxic mechanism how TPT modulates inhibitory glycinergic transmission in the synaptic bouton preparation of rat isolated spinal neurons using a patch clamp technique. TPT at environmentally relevant concentrations (3-300 nM) significantly increased the number of frequency of glycinergic spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC and mIPSC) without affecting the current amplitude and decay time. The TPT effects were also observed in external Ca2+-free solution containing tetrodotoxin (TTX) but removed in Ca2+-free solution with both TTX and BAPTA-AM (Ca2+ chelator). On the other hand, the amplitude of glycinergic evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) increased with decreasing failure rate (Rf) and paired pulse ratio (PPR) in the presence of 300 nM TPT. At a high concentration (1 µM), TPT completely blocked eIPSCs after a transient facilitation. Overall, these results suggest that TPT directly acts transmitter-releasing machinery in glycinergic nerve terminals. Effects of TPT on the nerve terminals releasing fast transmitters were greater in the order of glycinergic > glutamatergic > GABAergic ones. Thus, TPT is supposed to cause a strong synaptic modulations on glycinergic neurotransmission in wild creatures.
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Ikeda M, Deguchi J, Fukushima S, Qingyu A, Katayama N, Miura H, Oyama Y. Some adverse actions of chlorothalonil at sublethal levels in rat thymic lymphocytes: Its relation to Zn 2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:61-65. [PMID: 29544185 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil, a polychlorinated aromatic fungicide, is considered non-toxic to small mammals. However, chlorothalonil inactivates sulfhydryl enzymes and depletes cellular glutathione. Chlorothalonil increases intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) in mammalian cells possibly because intracellular Zn2+ is released via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange. The effects of chlorothalonil at sublethal concentrations on the cellular content of nonprotein thiols ([NPT]i) and [Zn2+]i were examined using flow cytometry in rat thymocytes. Low concentrations (0.3-1 μM) of chlorothalonil increased, but high concentrations (3-10 μM) decreased [NPT]i. These effects of chlorothalonil were partly attenuated by an intracellular Zn2+ chelator. Chlorothalonil at 0.3-10 μM increased [Zn2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, which was largely dependent on the release of intracellular Zn2+. Both the decrease in [NPT]i and increase in [Zn2+]i increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. Chlorothalonil at 1-10 μM potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2 (300 μM). It was also the case for 10 μM pentachloronitrobenzene, but not 10 μM pentachlorophenol. In conclusion, chlorothalonil at low (sublethal) micromolar concentrations is cytotoxic to mammalian cells under oxidative stress.
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Nishimura-Danjobara Y, Oyama K, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. Hyperpolarization by N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine-lactone, a quorum sensing molecule, in rat thymic lymphocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:91-96. [PMID: 29427588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To study the adverse effects of N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine-lactone (ODHL), a quorum sensing molecule, on mammalian host cells, its effect on membrane potential was examined in rat thymic lymphocytes using flow cytometric techniques with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe. As 3-300 μM ODHL elicited hyperpolarization, it is likely that it increases membrane K+ permeability because hyperpolarization is directly linked to changing K+ gradient across membranes, but not Na+ and Cl- gradients. ODHL did not increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration. ODHL also produced a response in the presence of an intracellular Zn2+ chelator. Thus, it is unlikely that intracellular Ca2+ and Zn2+ are attributed to the response. Quinine, a non-specific K+ channel blocker, greatly reduced hyperpolarization. However, because charybdotoxin, tetraethylammonium chloride, 4-aminopyridine, and glibenclamide did not affect it, it is pharmacologically hypothesized that Ca2+-activated K+ channels, voltage-gated K+ channels, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels are not involved in ODHL-induced hyperpolarization. Although the K+ channels responsible for ODHL-induced hyperpolarization have not been identified, it is suggested that ODHL can elicit hyperpolarization in mammalian host cells, disturbing cellular functions.
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Wada H, Oyama K, Kamae R, Masuda T, Kanemaru K, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. Zinc-dependent and independent actions of hydroxyhydroquinone on rat thymic lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:496-501. [PMID: 29421941 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1429462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Coffee contains hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ). HHQ is one of the by-products released during bean roasting. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the bioactivity of HHQ to predict its beneficial or adverse effects on humans. We studied zinc-dependent and independent actions of commercially procured synthetic HHQ in rat thymocytes using flow cytometric techniques with propidium iodide, FluoZin-3-AM, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, and annexin V-FITC. HHQ at 1050 µM elevated intracellular Zn2+ levels by releasing intracellular Zn2+. HHQ at 10 µM increased cellular thiol content in a zinc-dependent manner. However, HHQ at 30-50 µM reduced cellular thiol content. Although the latter actions of HHQ (30-50 µM) were suggested to increase cell vulnerability to oxidative stress, HHQ at 0.3-100 µM significantly protected cells against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The process of cell death induced by H2O2 was delayed by HHQ, although both H2O2 and HHQ increased the population of annexin V-positive living cells. However, HHQ at 10-30 µM promoted cell death induced by A23187, a calcium ionophore. HHQ at 10-30 µM exerted contrasting effects on cell death caused by oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload. Because HHQ is considered to possess diverse cellular actions, coffee with reduced amount of HHQ may be preferable to avoid potential adverse effects.
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Nishimura-Danjobara Y, Oyama K, Kanemaru K, Takahashi K, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine-lactone, a quorum sensing molecule, affects cellular content of nonprotein thiol content in rat lymphocytes: Its relation with intracellular Zn 2. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 280:28-32. [PMID: 29223568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular actions of N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine-lactone (ODHL), a quorum sensing molecule of bacteria, were studied on rat thymocytes using a flow cytometer with appropriate fluorescent dyes to elucidate the effects of ODHL on host cells. A bell-shaped concentration-response relation was observed in the ODHL-induced changes in cellular glutathione content ([GSH]i). ODHL concentration-dependently increased intracellular Zn2+ levels ([Zn2+]i) and cellular O2- content ([O2-]i). The bell-shaped relation induced by ODHL can be explained as follows: a low concentration of ODHL is expected to induce moderate oxidative stress that intracellularly releases Zn2+ by converting thiols to disulfides. A slight elevation of [Zn2+]i may increase the [GSH]i. On the other hand, it is likely that a high concentration of ODHL causes severe oxidative stress that further causes both the decrease in [GSH]i and the increase in [Zn2+]i. Excessive increase in [Zn2+]i may augment oxidative stress that further decreases the [GSH]i. Other notable actions induced by ODHL included the elevation of [Zn2+]i by Zn2+ influx and the increase in [GSH]i under Zn2+-free conditions. Therefore, it is suggested that ODHL elicits diverse actions on host cells.
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Kanemoto-Kataoka Y, Oyama K, Oyama TM, Ishibashi H, Oyama Y. Ziram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, exhibits pseudo-cytoprotective actions against oxidative stress in rat thymocytes: Possible environmental risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:232-238. [PMID: 29028487 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ziram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, protects various vegetables and fruits against infections by fungus. Recently, there have been increasing anxieties about the risks in the use of dithiocarbamate fungicides. Our previous studies showed that Zn2+ was a determinant of Ziram cytotoxicity. In addition, Zn2+ is linked to H2O2 cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that Ziram could augment the cytotoxicity of H2O2 by examining the changes induced by Ziram in some cellular parameters in rat thymic lymphocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress using flow-cytometric methods with fluorescent dyes. Ziram significantly attenuated H2O2-induced cell death at sublethal concentrations. However, in the cells under oxidative stress elicited by H2O2, Ziram promoted the changing over from intact cells to living cells with exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on plasma membranes, whereas it inhibited the transition from PS-exposed living cells to dead cells. Ziram significantly augmented H2O2 actions, including reduction of cellular glutathione levels and elevation of intracellular Zn2+ concentrations. Conversely, it attenuated H2O2-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Ziram at sublethal concentrations seems to exhibit promotive and suppressive actions on the process of cell death caused by H2O2. Ziram increased the number of living cells with exposed PS, a phenomenon characteristic of early stages of apoptosis. Thus, it is concluded that Ziram exhibits pseudo-cytoprotective actions against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Ziram at sublethal concentrations exerts promotive and suppressive actions on the process of cell death caused by oxidative stress.
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Wakita M, Shoudai K, Oyama Y, Akaike N. 4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) modifies synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA3 neurons of rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:337-346. [PMID: 28605704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) is an alternative to organotin antifoulants, such as tributyltin and triphenyltin. Since DCOIT is found in harbors, bays, and coastal areas worldwide, this chemical compound may have some impacts on ecosystems. To determine whether DCOIT possesses neurotoxic activity by modifying synaptic transmission, we examined the effects of DCOIT on synaptic transmission in a 'synaptic bouton' preparation of rat brain. DCOIT at concentrations of 0.03-1 μM increased the amplitudes of evoked synaptic currents mediated by GABA and glutamate, while it reduced the amplitudes of these currents at 3-10 μM. However, the currents elicited by exogenous applications of GABA and glutamate were not affected by DCOIT. DCOIT at 1-10 μM increased the frequency of spontaneous synaptic currents mediated by GABA. It also increased the frequency of glutamate-mediated spontaneous currents at0.3-10 μM. The frequencies of miniature synaptic currents mediated by GABA and glutamate, observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin under external Ca2+-free conditions, were increased by 10 μM DCOIT. With the repetitive applications of DCOIT, the frequency of miniature synaptic currents mediated by glutamate was not increased by the second and third applications of DCOIT. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels were not affected by DCOIT, but DCOIT slowed the inactivation of voltage-dependent Na+ channels. These results suggest that DCOIT increases Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, resulting in the facilitation of both action potential-dependent and spontaneous neurotransmission, possibly leading to neurotoxicity.
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Kamemura N, Oyama K, Kanemaru K, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. Diverse cellular actions of tert-butylhydroquinone, a food additive, on rat thymocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:922-929. [PMID: 30090553 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive that possesses antioxidant activity. Its alternative applications have been explored in recent studies. However, there is controversy regarding safety. In this study using rat thymocytes, the cellular actions of TBHQ at sublethal concentrations were examined. TBHQ at concentrations of 3 μM or more elevated intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner, by increasing membrane Zn2+ permeability and releasing Zn2+ from cellular stores. TBHQ at 30 μM significantly increased side scatter (cell density) and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on cell membrane surfaces. It also decreased cellular glutathione (GSH) content without affecting cell lethality. Forward scatter was attenuated by 100 μM TBHQ. Thus, it is considered that TBHQ at sublethal concentrations (30 μM or less) exerts some adverse actions on cells. TBHQ at 10-30 μM attenuated the increase in cell lethality induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while potentiation of H2O2 cytotoxicity by 100 μM TBHQ was observed. The range of concentrations of TBHQ from benefit to toxicity under in vitro conditions may be 10-30 μM. Although TBHQ exhibits antioxidative actions at concentrations that are lower than those which elicit adverse cellular effects, sublethal levels of TBHQ cause some adverse actions that may be clinically concerned.
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Takeda M, Oyama K, Kamemura N, Kanemaru K, Yuasa K, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. Change in plasma membrane potential of rat thymocytes by tert-butylhydroquinone, a food additive: Possible risk on lymphocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:296-301. [PMID: 28899772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive and has various beneficial actions under in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to collect additional data on the toxicity of TBHQ in order to avoid adverse effects during clinical applications. Changes in plasma membrane potential are associated with changes in physiological functions even in non-excitable cells such as lymphocytes. Thus, compounds that affect membrane potential may modify some lymphocytic functions. The effect of TBHQ on plasma membrane potential was examined in rat thymocytes using flow cytometric techniques. Treatment of rat thymocytes with TBHQ caused hyperpolarization and then depolarization. The TBHQ-induced hyperpolarization was due to the activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. TBHQ elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels. The depolarization by TBHQ was caused by a nonspecific increase in membrane ionic permeability. Both the sustained depolarization and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ level by TBHQ are thought to be adverse for thymocytes because such changes disturb membrane and intracellular signaling. The thymus is most active during neonatal and pre-adolescent periods. If TBHQ exerts adverse actions on thymocytes, it may result in an immunotoxic effect in neonates and adolescents.
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Kanemoto-Kataoka Y, Oyama TM, Ishibashi H, Oyama Y. Zinc is a determinant of the cytotoxicity of Ziram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, in rat thymic lymphocytes: possible environmental risks. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:499-504. [PMID: 30090518 PMCID: PMC6062119 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziram, one of the dithiocarbamate fungicides, is widely applied to agriculture because this agent protects various crops from fungal infections. Risks of dithiocarbamate biocide use are of concern. It was previously reported that Ziram increased the intracellular concentration of Zn2+. Therefore, we cytometrically studied the mechanism of Zn2+-dependent lethal actions of Ziram on rat lymphocytes at environmentally relevant Zn2+ levels. Membrane and cellular parameters of rat lymphocytes were estimated by flow-cytometric techniques with appropriate fluorescent probes. The Ziram-induced increase in cell lethality was completely attenuated by Zn2+ chelators. A significant increase of cell lethality was found on the simultaneous application of Ziram at a sublethal concentration and ZnCl2. The combination of Ziram and ZnCl2 increased the cellular superoxide anion content and decreased the cellular GSH content, which possibly caused the increase in cell lethality. The zinc concentrations under the present experimental conditions were comparable to the environmentally relevant concentrations found in rivers. Therefore, the environmental level of zinc may be critical in estimating the toxicity of Ziram to wild animals.
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Maekawa F, Oyama Y. Benchmark Test of 14-MeV Neutron-Induced Gamma-Ray Production Data in JENDL-3.2 and FENDL/E-1.0 through Analysis of the OKTAVIAN Experiments. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse96-a24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Maekawa F, Oyama Y, Konno C, Wada M, Ikeda Y. Measurement of Gamma-Ray Spectra and Heating Rates in Iron and Stainless Steel Shields Bombarded by Deuterium-Tritium Neutrons and Validation of Secondary-Gamma-Ray Data in Evaluated Nuclear Data Libraries. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse97-a24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Maekawa F, Oyama Y. Measurement of Neutron Energy Spectrum below 10 keV in an Iron Shield Bombarded by Deuterium-Tritium Neutrons and Benchmark Test of Evaluated Nuclear Data from 14 MeV to 1 eV. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse97-a24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mitani T, Elmarhomy AIE, Dulamjav L, Anu E, Saitoh S, Ishida S, Oyama Y. Zinc-related actions of sublethal levels of benzalkonium chloride: Potentiation of benzalkonium cytotoxicity by zinc. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:31-36. [PMID: 28257953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BZK) is a common preservative used in pharmaceutical and personal care products. ZnCl2 was recently reported to significantly potentiate the cytotoxicity of some biocidal compounds. In the present study, therefore, we compared the cytotoxic potency of BZK and then further studied the Zn2+-related actions of the most cytotoxic agent among BZK, using flow cytometric techniques with appropriate fluorescent probes in rat thymocytes. Cytotoxicity of benzylcetyldimethylammonium (BZK-C16) was more potent that those of benzyldodecyldimethylammonium and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium. ZnCl2 (1-10 μM) significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of BZK-C16 at a sublethal concentration (1 μM). The co-treatment of cells with 3 μM ZnCl2 and 1 μM BZK-C16 increased the population of both living cells with phosphatidylserine exposed on membrane surfaces and dead cells. BZK-C16 at 0.3-1.0 μM elevated intracellular Zn2+ levels by increasing Zn2+ influx, and augmented the cytotoxicity of 100 μM H2O2. Zn2+ is concluded to facilitate the toxicity of BZK. We suggest that the toxicity of BZK is determined after taking extracellular (plasma) and/or environmental Zn2+ levels into account.
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Abe K, Amey J, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Ariga A, Autiero D, Ban S, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Barry C, Bartet-Friburg P, Batkiewicz M, Berardi V, Berkman S, Bhadra S, Bienstock S, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Brailsford D, Bravar A, Bronner C, Buizza Avanzini M, Calland RG, Campbell T, Cao S, Cartwright SL, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Checchia C, Cherdack D, Chikuma N, Christodoulou G, Clifton A, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Coplowe D, Cudd A, Dabrowska A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Denner PF, Dennis SR, Densham C, Dewhurst D, Di Lodovico F, Di Luise S, Dolan S, Drapier O, Duffy KE, Dumarchez J, Dziewiecki M, Emery-Schrenk S, Ereditato A, Feusels T, Finch AJ, Fiorentini GA, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda D, Fukuda Y, Galymov V, Garcia A, Giganti C, Gizzarelli F, Golan T, Gonin M, Hadley DR, Haegel L, Haigh MD, Hansen D, Harada J, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hastings NC, Hayashino T, Hayato Y, Helmer RL, Hillairet A, Hiraki T, Hiramoto A, Hirota S, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Hosomi F, Huang K, Ichikawa AK, Ikeda M, Imber J, Insler J, Intonti RA, Ishida T, Ishii T, Iwai E, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Jamieson B, Jiang M, Johnson S, Jonsson P, Jung CK, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Karlen D, Katori T, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kim H, Kim J, King S, Kisiel J, Knight A, Knox A, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Koga T, Konaka A, Kondo K, Kormos LL, Korzenev A, Koshio Y, Kowalik K, Kropp W, Kudenko Y, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Lagoda J, Lamont I, Lamoureux M, Larkin E, Lasorak P, Laveder M, Lawe M, Licciardi M, Lindner T, Liptak ZJ, Litchfield RP, Li X, Longhin A, Lopez JP, Lou T, Ludovici L, Lu X, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Manly S, Marino AD, Martin JF, Martins P, Martynenko S, Maruyama T, Matveev V, Mavrokoridis K, Ma WY, Mazzucato E, McCarthy M, McCauley N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, Mefodiev A, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Mijakowski P, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Missert A, Miura M, Moriyama S, Mueller TA, Myslik J, Nakadaira T, Nakahata M, Nakamura KG, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakanishi Y, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Nantais C, Nielsen C, Nirkko M, Nishikawa K, Nishimura Y, Novella P, Nowak J, O'Keeffe HM, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Oryszczak W, Oser SM, Ovsyannikova T, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Patel ND, Paudyal P, Pavin M, Payne D, Perkin JD, Petrov Y, Pickard L, Pickering L, Pinzon Guerra ES, Pistillo C, Popov B, Posiadala-Zezula M, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Przewlocki P, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Ratoff PN, Ravonel M, Rayner MA, Redij A, Reinherz-Aronis E, Riccio C, Rodrigues PA, Rondio E, Rossi B, Roth S, Rubbia A, Rychter A, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Scantamburlo E, Scholberg K, Schwehr J, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shah R, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaw D, Shiozawa M, Shirahige T, Short S, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Sorel M, Southwell L, Steinmann J, Stewart T, Stowell P, Suda Y, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Tacik R, Tada M, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Tanaka HK, Tanaka HA, Terhorst D, Terri R, Thakore T, Thompson LF, Tobayama S, Toki W, Tomura T, Touramanis C, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vagins M, Vallari Z, Vasseur G, Vladisavljevic T, Wachala T, Walter CW, Wark D, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilkes RJ, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wilson RJ, Wret C, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto M, Yanagisawa C, Yano T, Yen S, Yershov N, Yokoyama M, Yoshida K, Yuan T, Yu M, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zambelli L, Zaremba K, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Żmuda J. Combined Analysis of Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations at T2K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:151801. [PMID: 28452532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
T2K reports its first results in the search for CP violation in neutrino oscillations using appearance and disappearance channels for neutrino- and antineutrino-mode beams. The data include all runs from January 2010 to May 2016 and comprise 7.482×10^{20} protons on target in neutrino mode, which yielded in the far detector 32 e-like and 135 μ-like events, and 7.471×10^{20} protons on target in antineutrino mode, which yielded 4 e-like and 66 μ-like events. Reactor measurements of sin^{2}2θ_{13} have been used as an additional constraint. The one-dimensional confidence interval at 90% for the phase δ_{CP} spans the range (-3.13, -0.39) for normal mass ordering. The CP conservation hypothesis (δ_{CP}=0, π) is excluded at 90% C.L.
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Imai H, Kita F, Ikesugi S, Abe M, Sogabe S, Nishimura-Danjobara Y, Miura H, Oyama Y. Cetylpyridinium chloride at sublethal levels increases the susceptibility of rat thymic lymphocytes to oxidative stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:118-123. [PMID: 27984775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is an antimicrobial agent used in many personal care products, with subsequent release into the environment. Since CPC is found at low concentrations in river and municipal wastewater, its influence on wildlife is of concern. Therefore, in this study, we used flow cytometry to examine the effects of sublethal concentrations of CPC on rat thymic lymphocytes in order to characterize the cellular actions of CPC at low concentrations in the presence and absence of H2O2-induced oxidative stress. CPC treatment increased the population of living cells with phosphatidylserine exposed on the outer surface of their plasma membranes (a marker of early stage apoptosis), elevated intracellular Zn2+ levels, and decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. CPC also potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2. Our results suggest that, even at environmentally relevant sublethal concentrations, CPC exerts cytotoxic effects under oxidative stress conditions by increasing intracellular Zn2+ concentration and decreasing the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. These findings indicate that, under some in vitro conditions, CPC is bioactive at environmentally relevant concentrations. Therefore, CPC release from personal care products into the environment may need to be regulated to avoid its adverse effects on wildlife.
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Nonami K, Saitoh S, Nishimura-Danjobara Y, Ishida S, Oyama Y. Chlorhexidine possesses unique cytotoxic actions in rat thymic lymphocytes: Its relation with electrochemical property of membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:17-21. [PMID: 27716531 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an antibacterial agent used in various types of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, CHX is easily found around us. Owing to its positive charge, the electrochemical property of cell membranes was assumed to be a key point of cytotoxic action of CHX. Depolarization of membranes attenuated the cytotoxic action of CHX in rat thymic lymphocytes. CHX interfered with annexin V binding to membranes. Manipulations to induce exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer membrane surface augmented the cytotoxic action of CHX, indicating that changes in the electrochemical property of membranes affected the cytotoxic action of CHX. Hence, CHX might kill cells physiologically undergoing apoptosis, resulting instead in necrotic cell death. However, the threshold CHX concentration in this in vitro study was slightly higher than blood CHX concentrations observed clinically. Therefore, these results may support the safety of CHX use although CHX possesses unique cytotoxic actions described in this study.
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Abe K, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Ariga A, Assylbekov S, Autiero D, Ban S, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Bartet-Friburg P, Batkiewicz M, Bay F, Berardi V, Berkman S, Bhadra S, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Brailsford D, Bravar A, Bronner C, Buizza Avanzini M, Calland RG, Campbell T, Cao S, Caravaca Rodríguez J, Cartwright SL, Castillo R, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Cherdack D, Chikuma N, Christodoulou G, Clifton A, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Coplowe D, Cremonesi L, Dabrowska A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Denner PF, Dennis SR, Densham C, Dewhurst D, Di Lodovico F, Di Luise S, Dolan S, Drapier O, Duffy KE, Dumarchez J, Dytman S, Dziewiecki M, Emery-Schrenk S, Ereditato A, Feusels T, Finch AJ, Fiorentini GA, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda D, Fukuda Y, Furmanski AP, Galymov V, Garcia A, Giffin SG, Giganti C, Gizzarelli F, Gonin M, Grant N, Hadley DR, Haegel L, Haigh MD, Hamilton P, Hansen D, Harada J, Hara T, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hastings NC, Hayashino T, Hayato Y, Helmer RL, Hierholzer M, Hillairet A, Himmel A, Hiraki T, Hirota S, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Horikawa S, Hosomi F, Huang K, Ichikawa AK, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Imber J, Insler J, Intonti RA, Irvine TJ, Ishida T, Ishii T, Iwai E, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Jacob A, Jamieson B, Jiang M, Johnson S, Jo JH, Jonsson P, Jung CK, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Karlen D, Karpikov I, Katori T, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kielczewska D, Kikawa T, Kim H, Kim J, King S, Kisiel J, Knight A, Knox A, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Koga T, Konaka A, Kondo K, Kopylov A, Kormos LL, Korzenev A, Koshio Y, Kropp W, Kudenko Y, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Lagoda J, Lamont I, Larkin E, Lasorak P, Laveder M, Lawe M, Lazos M, Lindner T, Liptak ZJ, Litchfield RP, Li X, Longhin A, Lopez JP, Ludovici L, Lu X, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Manly S, Marino AD, Marteau J, Martin JF, Martins P, Martynenko S, Maruyama T, Matveev V, Mavrokoridis K, Ma WY, Mazzucato E, McCarthy M, McCauley N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, Mefodiev A, Metelko C, Mezzetto M, Mijakowski P, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Missert A, Miura M, Moriyama S, Mueller TA, Murphy S, Myslik J, Nakadaira T, Nakahata M, Nakamura KG, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Nantais C, Nielsen C, Nirkko M, Nishikawa K, Nishimura Y, Novella P, Nowak J, O'Keeffe HM, Ohta R, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Oryszczak W, Oser SM, Ovsyannikova T, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Patel ND, Pavin M, Payne D, Perkin JD, Petrov Y, Pickard L, Pickering L, Pinzon Guerra ES, Pistillo C, Popov B, Posiadala-Zezula M, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Przewlocki P, Quilain B, Radermacher T, Radicioni E, Ratoff PN, Ravonel M, Rayner MAM, Redij A, Reinherz-Aronis E, Riccio C, Rojas P, Rondio E, Roth S, Rubbia A, Rychter A, Sacco R, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Sato F, Scantamburlo E, Scholberg K, Schoppmann S, Schwehr J, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shah R, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaw D, Shiozawa M, Shirahige T, Short S, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sobel H, Sorel M, Southwell L, Stamoulis P, Steinmann J, Stewart T, Stowell P, Suda Y, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki K, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Tacik R, Tada M, Takahashi S, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Tanaka HK, Tanaka HA, Terhorst D, Terri R, Thakore T, Thompson LF, Tobayama S, Toki W, Tomura T, Touramanis C, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vacheret A, Vagins M, Vallari Z, Vasseur G, Wachala T, Wakamatsu K, Walter CW, Wark D, Warzycha W, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilkes RJ, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wilson RJ, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto M, Yanagisawa C, Yano T, Yen S, Yershov N, Yokoyama M, Yoo J, Yoshida K, Yuan T, Yu M, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zambelli L, Zaremba K, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Żmuda J. Measurement of Coherent π^{+} Production in Low Energy Neutrino-Carbon Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:192501. [PMID: 27858422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the flux-averaged cross section for charged current coherent π^{+} production on carbon for neutrino energies less than 1.5 GeV, and with a restriction on the final state phase space volume in the T2K near detector, ND280. Comparisons are made with predictions from the Rein-Sehgal coherent production model and the model by Alvarez-Ruso et al., the latter representing the first implementation of an instance of the new class of microscopic coherent models in a neutrino interaction Monte Carlo event generator. We observe a clear event excess above background, disagreeing with the null results reported by K2K and SciBooNE in a similar neutrino energy region. The measured flux-averaged cross sections are below those predicted by both the Rein-Sehgal and Alvarez-Ruso et al.
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Niwa E, Mitani T, Saitoh S, Kanemaru K, Ishida S, Yokoigawa K, Oyama Y. Zinc increases vulnerability of rat thymic lymphocytes to arachidonic acid under in vitro conditions. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Takada H, Kon S, Oyama Y, Kimura T, Nagahata F. Liver functional impairment in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Richard E, Okumura K, Abe K, Haga Y, Hayato Y, Ikeda M, Iyogi K, Kameda J, Kishimoto Y, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Nakajima T, Nakano Y, Nakayama S, Orii A, Sekiya H, Shiozawa M, Takeda A, Tanaka H, Tomura T, Wendell R, Akutsu R, Irvine T, Kajita T, Kaneyuki K, Nishimura Y, Labarga L, Fernandez P, Gustafson J, Kachulis C, Kearns E, Raaf J, Stone J, Sulak L, Berkman S, Nantais C, Tanaka H, Tobayama S, Goldhaber M, Kropp W, Mine S, Weatherly P, Smy M, Sobel H, Takhistov V, Ganezer K, Hartfiel B, Hill J, Hong N, Kim J, Lim I, Park R, Himmel A, Li Z, O’Sullivan E, Scholberg K, Walter C, Wongjirad T, Ishizuka T, Tasaka S, Jang J, Learned J, Matsuno S, Smith S, Friend M, Hasegawa T, Ishida T, Ishii T, Kobayashi T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Oyama Y, Sakashita K, Sekiguchi T, Tsukamoto T, Suzuki A, Takeuchi Y, Yano T, Cao S, Hiraki T, Hirota S, Huang K, Kikawa T, Minamino A, Nakaya T, Suzuki K, Fukuda Y, Choi K, Itow Y, Suzuki T, Mijakowski P, Frankiewicz K, Hignight J, Imber J, Jung C, Li X, Palomino J, Wilking M, Yanagisawa C, Fukuda D, Ishino H, Kayano T, Kibayashi A, Koshio Y, Mori T, Sakuda M, Xu C, Kuno Y, Tacik R, Kim S, Okazawa H, Choi Y, Nishijima K, Koshiba M, Totsuka Y, Suda Y, Yokoyama M, Bronner C, Hartz M, Martens K, Marti L, Suzuki Y, Vagins M, Martin J, Konaka A, Chen S, Zhang Y, Wilkes R. Measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux by Super-Kamiokande: Energy spectra, geomagnetic effects, and solar modulation. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ishikawa M, Muraguchi R, Azuma A, Nawata S, Miya M, Katsuura T, Naito T, Oyama Y. Cytotoxic actions of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a biocide in hydraulic fracturing fluids, on rat thymocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1329-1334. [PMID: 30090437 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a major biocide in hydraulic fracturing fluids. Most biocides in fracturing fluids are considered to have low acute toxicity to mammals, but little information is available in the literature regarding the toxic actions of DBNPA on mammalian cells. This information is important to suggest the DBNPA toxicity on wild mammals. In this study, the effects of DBNPA on rat thymocytes were studied using flow cytometric techniques in order to further characterize the cytotoxicity of DBNPA for its safe use. DBNPA at 3-7.5 μM produced a steep concentration-dependent increase in cell lethality. At 5 μM, DBNPA significantly depolarized the membranes with a disturbance of the asymmetrical distribution of membrane phospholipids. The lethal effect of DBNPA was completely abolished under cold conditions, and was augmented in the presence of ethanol. It is suggested that the lethal action of DBNPA is linked to changes in membrane fluidity. Because the concentration-dependent change of DBNPA-induced lethal action was very steep under in vitro conditions, the adverse actions of DBNPA on wild mammals are concerning, even though such reports have not yet surfaced.
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Abe K, Andreopoulos C, Antonova M, Aoki S, Ariga A, Assylbekov S, Autiero D, Barbi M, Barker GJ, Barr G, Bartet-Friburg P, Batkiewicz M, Bay F, Berardi V, Berkman S, Bhadra S, Blondel A, Bolognesi S, Bordoni S, Boyd SB, Brailsford D, Bravar A, Bronner C, Buizza Avanzini M, Calland RG, Cao S, Caravaca Rodríguez J, Cartwright SL, Castillo R, Catanesi MG, Cervera A, Cherdack D, Chikuma N, Christodoulou G, Clifton A, Coleman J, Collazuol G, Cremonesi L, Dabrowska A, De Rosa G, Dealtry T, Denner PF, Dennis SR, Densham C, Dewhurst D, Di Lodovico F, Di Luise S, Dolan S, Drapier O, Duffy KE, Dumarchez J, Dytman S, Dziewiecki M, Emery-Schrenk S, Ereditato A, Feusels T, Finch AJ, Fiorentini GA, Friend M, Fujii Y, Fukuda D, Fukuda Y, Furmanski AP, Galymov V, Garcia A, Giffin SG, Giganti C, Gizzarelli F, Gonin M, Grant N, Hadley DR, Haegel L, Haigh MD, Hamilton P, Hansen D, Hara T, Hartz M, Hasegawa T, Hastings NC, Hayashino T, Hayato Y, Helmer RL, Hierholzer M, Hillairet A, Himmel A, Hiraki T, Hirota S, Hogan M, Holeczek J, Horikawa S, Hosomi F, Huang K, Ichikawa AK, Ieki K, Ikeda M, Imber J, Insler J, Intonti RA, Irvine TJ, Ishida T, Ishii T, Iwai E, Iwamoto K, Izmaylov A, Jacob A, Jamieson B, Jiang M, Johnson S, Jo JH, Jonsson P, Jung CK, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth AC, Kajita T, Kakuno H, Kameda J, Karlen D, Karpikov I, Katori T, Kearns E, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Kielczewska D, Kikawa T, Kim H, Kim J, King S, Kisiel J, Knight A, Knox A, Kobayashi T, Koch L, Koga T, Konaka A, Kondo K, Kopylov A, Kormos LL, Korzenev A, Koshio Y, Kropp W, Kudenko Y, Kurjata R, Kutter T, Lagoda J, Lamont I, Larkin E, Laveder M, Lawe M, Lazos M, Lindner T, Liptak ZJ, Litchfield RP, Li X, Longhin A, Lopez JP, Ludovici L, Lu X, Magaletti L, Mahn K, Malek M, Manly S, Marino AD, Marteau J, Martin JF, Martins P, Martynenko S, Maruyama T, Matveev V, Mavrokoridis K, Ma WY, Mazzucato E, McCarthy M, McCauley N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, Mefodiev A, Mezzetto M, Mijakowski P, Minamino A, Mineev O, Mine S, Missert A, Miura M, Moriyama S, Mueller TA, Murphy S, Myslik J, Nakadaira T, Nakahata M, Nakamura KG, Nakamura K, Nakamura KD, Nakayama S, Nakaya T, Nakayoshi K, Nantais C, Nielsen C, Nirkko M, Nishikawa K, Nishimura Y, Nowak J, O'Keeffe HM, Ohta R, Okumura K, Okusawa T, Oryszczak W, Oser SM, Ovsyannikova T, Owen RA, Oyama Y, Palladino V, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Patel ND, Pavin M, Payne D, Perkin JD, Petrov Y, Pickard L, Pickering L, Pinzon Guerra ES, Pistillo C, Popov B, Posiadala-Zezula M, Poutissou JM, Poutissou R, Przewlocki P, Quilain B, Radicioni E, Ratoff PN, Ravonel M, Rayner MAM, Redij A, Reinherz-Aronis E, Riccio C, Rojas P, Rondio E, Roth S, Rubbia A, Rychter A, Sacco R, Sakashita K, Sánchez F, Sato F, Scantamburlo E, Scholberg K, Schoppmann S, Schwehr J, Scott M, Seiya Y, Sekiguchi T, Sekiya H, Sgalaberna D, Shah R, Shaikhiev A, Shaker F, Shaw D, Shiozawa M, Shirahige T, Short S, Smy M, Sobczyk JT, Sorel M, Southwell L, Stamoulis P, Steinmann J, Stewart T, Suda Y, Suvorov S, Suzuki A, Suzuki K, Suzuki SY, Suzuki Y, Tacik R, Tada M, Takahashi S, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Tanaka HK, Tanaka HA, Terhorst D, Terri R, Thakore T, Thompson LF, Tobayama S, Toki W, Tomura T, Touramanis C, Tsukamoto T, Tzanov M, Uchida Y, Vacheret A, Vagins M, Vallari Z, Vasseur G, Wachala T, Wakamatsu K, Walter CW, Wark D, Warzycha W, Wascko MO, Weber A, Wendell R, Wilkes RJ, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson C, Wilson JR, Wilson RJ, Yamada Y, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto M, Yanagisawa C, Yano T, Yen S, Yershov N, Yokoyama M, Yoo J, Yoshida K, Yuan T, Yu M, Zalewska A, Zalipska J, Zambelli L, Zaremba K, Ziembicki M, Zimmerman ED, Zito M, Żmuda J. Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Oscillations with an Accelerator-Produced Off-Axis Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:181801. [PMID: 27203315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
T2K reports its first measurements of the parameters governing the disappearance of ν[over ¯]_{μ} in an off-axis beam due to flavor change induced by neutrino oscillations. The quasimonochromatic ν[over ¯]_{μ} beam, produced with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV at J-PARC, is observed at the far detector Super-Kamiokande, 295 km away, where the ν[over ¯]_{μ} survival probability is expected to be minimal. Using a data set corresponding to 4.01×10^{20} protons on target, 34 fully contained μ-like events were observed. The best-fit oscillation parameters are sin^{2}(θ[over ¯]_{23})=0.45 and |Δm[over ¯]_{32}^{2}|=2.51×10^{-3} eV^{2} with 68% confidence intervals of 0.38-0.64 and 2.26-2.80×10^{-3} eV^{2}, respectively. These results are in agreement with existing antineutrino parameter measurements and also with the ν_{μ} disappearance parameters measured by T2K.
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