Precision Measurement of the Decay Σ^{+}→pγ in the Process J/ψ→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-}

Using (10 087±44)×10^{6} J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, the radiative hyperon decay Σ^{+}→pγ is studied at an electron-positron collider experiment for the first time. The absolute branching fraction is measured to be (0.996±0.021_{stat}±0.018_{syst})×10^{-3}, which is lower than its world average value by 4.2 standard deviations. Its decay asymmetry parameter is determined to be -0.652±0.056_{stat}±0.020_{syst}. The branching fraction and decay asymmetry parameter are the most precise to date, and the accuracies are improved by 78% and 34%, respectively.

Measurements of the Electric and Magnetic Form Factors of the Neutron for Timelike Momentum Transfer

We present the first measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the neutron in the timelike (positive q^{2}) region as function of four-momentum transfer. We explored the differential cross sections of the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→n[over ¯]n with data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII accelerator, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 354.6  pb^{-1} in total at twelve center-of-mass energies between sqrt[s]=2.0-2.95  GeV. A relative uncertainty of 18% and 12% for the electric and magnetic form factors, respectively, is achieved at sqrt[s]=2.3935  GeV. Our results are comparable in accuracy to those from electron scattering in the comparable spacelike region of four-momentum transfer. The electromagnetic form factor ratio R_{em}≡|G_{E}|/|G_{M}| is within the uncertainties close to unity. We compare our result on |G_{E}| and |G_{M}| to recent model predictions, and the measurements in the spacelike region to test the analyticity of electromagnetic form factors.

Nano-phononic metamaterials enable an anomalous enhancement in the interfacial thermal conductance of the GaN/AlN heterojunction

Improving the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) is very important for heat dissipation in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, taking GaN-AlN contact as an example, we demonstrated a new mechanism to enhance the interfacial thermal conductance using nano-phononic metamaterials. First, how a superlattice affects the ITC is investigated, and it is found that with decreasing superlattice periodic length, the ITC first decreases and then increases, because of the coherent phonon interference effect. However, although constructing a superlattice is effective for tuning the ITC, it cannot enhance the ITC. We suggest that the ITC can be enhanced by 9% through constructing an interfacial nano phononic metamaterial, which is contributed by the additional phonon transport channels for high-frequency phonons with a wide incidence-angle range. These results not only establish a deep understanding of the fundamental physics of the interfacial thermal conductance, but also provide a robust and scalable mechanism, which provides a degree of freedom for efficient thermal management.

[Clinical observation of Qiliqiangxin capsule combined with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute heart failure]

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Qiliqiangxin capsule combined with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in acute left heart failure patients 7 days after onset as well as the effects of plasma MDA and ET-1. Methods: In total, 240 hospitalized patients with acute left heart failure from October 2017 to May 2021 were selected from the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and the Department of Cardiology of the Jilin Provincial People's Hospital. They were randomly divided into routine treatment group and combined treatment group, with 120 cases in each group. The routine treatment group was treated with vasodilation, diuresis, cardiotonic and recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide. The combined treatment group was treated with Qiliqiangxin capsules based on the routine treatment group. One week later, the changes in clinical efficacy, ejection fraction, left ventricular commoid diameter, and plasma BNP, MDA, and ET-1 were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. SPSS 11.5 statistical software was used. The measurement data was expressed in x¯±s, the independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups, and the paired t-test was used for comparison before and after treatment within groups. Counting data was expressed as case (%), and the rank sum test was used for inter-group comparison. Result: In terms of clinical efficacy, the total effective rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the routine treatment group, the left ventricular ejection fraction in the combined treatment group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of plasma BNP, MDA and ET-1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Qiliqiangxin capsule combined with rhBNP treatment can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of acute heart failure, as well as reduce the lipid peroxidation product MDA content and endothetin ET-1 level in blood. The clinical application value of the Qiliqiangxin capsule needs to be further confirmed by further trials.

Recent Advances in Ferroelectric-Enhanced Low-Dimensional Optoelectronic Devices

Ferroelectric (FE) materials, including BiFeO₃ , P(VDF-TrFE), and CuInP₂ S₆ , are a type of dielectric material with a unique, spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by applying an external electric field. The combination of FE and low-dimensional materials produces synergies, sparking significant research interest in solar cells, photodetectors (PDs), nonvolatile memory, and so on. The fundamental aspects of FE materials, including the origin of FE polarization, extrinsic FE materials, and FE polarization quantification are first discussed. Next, the state-of-the-art of FE-based optoelectronic devices is focused. How FE materials affect the energy band of channel materials and how device structures influence PD performance are also summarized. Finally, the future directions of this rapidly growing field are discussed.

Observation of Three Charmoniumlike States with J^{PC}=1^{--} in e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*0}D^{*-}π^{+}

The Born cross sections of the process e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*0}D^{*-}π^{+} at center-of-mass energies from 4.189 to 4.951 GeV are measured for the first time. The data samples used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9  fb^{-1} and were collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Three enhancements around 4.20, 4.47, and 4.67 GeV are visible. The resonances have masses of 4209.6±4.7±5.9  MeV/c^{2}, 4469.1±26.2±3.6  MeV/c^{2}, and 4675.3±29.5±3.5  MeV/c^{2} and widths of 81.6±17.8±9.0  MeV, 246.3±36.7±9.4  MeV, and 218.3±72.9±9.3  MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The first and third resonances are consistent with the ψ(4230) and ψ(4660) states, respectively, while the second one is compatible with the ψ(4500) observed in the e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}J/ψ process. These three charmoniumlike ψ states are observed in the e^{+}e^{-}→D^{*0}D^{*-}π^{+} process for the first time.

Strong Magnetocaloric Coupling in Oxyorthosilicate with Dense Gd3+ Spins

Searching for working refrigerant materials is the key element in the design of magnetic cooling devices. Herein, we report on the thermodynamic and magnetocaloric parameters of an X₁ phase oxyorthosilicate, Gd₂SiO₅, by field-dependent static magnetization and specific heat measurements. An overall correlation strength of |J|S² ≈ 3.4 K is derived via the mean-field estimate, with antiferromagnetic correlations between the ferromagnetically coupled Gd-Gd layers. The magnetic entropy change -ΔS_m is quite impressive, reaches 0.40 J K^-1 cm^-3 (58.5 J K^-1 kg^-1) at T = 2.7 K, with the largest adiabatic temperature change T_ad = 23.2 K for a field change of 8.9 T. At T = 20 K, the lattice entropy S_L is small enough compared to the magnetic entropy S_m, S_m/S_L = 21.3, which warrants its potential in 2 -20 K cryocoolers with both the Stirling and Carnot cycles. Though with relatively large exchange interactions, the layered A-type spin arrangement ultimately enhances the magnetocaloric coupling, raising the possibilities of designing magnetic refrigerants with a high ratio of cooling capacity to volume.

Electrical and magnetic anisotropies in van der Waals multiferroic CuCrP2S6

Multiferroic materials have great potential in non-volatile devices for low-power and ultra-high density information storage, owing to their unique characteristic of coexisting ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders. The effective manipulation of their intrinsic anisotropy makes it promising to control multiple degrees of the storage "medium". Here, we have discovered intriguing in-plane electrical and magnetic anisotropies in van der Waals (vdW) multiferroic CuCrP₂S₆. The uniaxial anisotropies of current rectifications, magnetic properties and magnon modes are demonstrated and manipulated by electric direction/polarity, temperature variation and magnetic field. More important, we have discovered the spin-flop transition corresponding to specific resonance modes, and determined the anisotropy parameters by consistent model fittings and theoretical calculations. Our work provides in-depth investigation and quantitative analysis of electrical and magnetic anisotropies with the same easy axis in vdW multiferroics, which will stimulate potential device applications of artificial bionic synapses, multi-terminal spintronic chips and magnetoelectric devices.

Recent progress of two-dimensional heterostructures for thermoelectric applications

The rapid development of synthesis and fabrication techniques has opened up a research upsurge in two-dimensional (2D) material heterostructures, which have received extensive attention due to their superior physical and chemical properties. Currently, thermoelectric energy conversion is an effective means to deal with the energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental pollution. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of thermoelectric transport properties in 2D heterostructures is crucial for the development of micro-nano energy devices. In this review, the recent progress of 2D heterostructures for thermoelectric applications is summarized in detail. Firstly, we systematically introduce diverse theoretical simulations and experimental measurements of the thermoelectric properties of 2D heterostructures. Then, the thermoelectric applications and performance regulation of several common 2D materials, as well as in-plane heterostructures and van der Waals heterostructures, are also discussed. Finally, the challenges of improving the thermoelectric performance of 2D heterostructures materials are summarized, and related prospects are described.

Ferroelectric Tuning of ZnO Ultraviolet Photodetectors

The ferroelectric field effect transistor (Fe-FET) is considered to be one of the most important low-power and high-performance devices. It is promising to combine a ferroelectric field effect with a photodetector to improve the photodetection performance. This study proposes a strategy for ZnO ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors regulated by a ferroelectric gate. The ZnO nanowire (NW) UV photodetector was tuned by a 2D CuInP₂S₆ (CIPS) ferroelectric gate, which decreased the dark current and enhanced the responsivity and detectivity to 2.40 × 10⁴ A/W and 7.17 × 10¹¹ Jones, respectively. This strategy was also applied to a ZnO film UV photodetector that was tuned by a P(VDF-TrFE) ferroelectric gate. Lower power consumption and higher performance can be enabled by ferroelectric tuning of ZnO ultraviolet photodetectors, providing new inspiration for the fabrication of high-performance photodetectors.

Light-Induced Selective Hydrogenation over PdAg Nanocages in Hollow MOF Microenvironment

Selective hydrogenation with high efficiency under ambient conditions remains a long-standing challenge. Here, a yolk-shell nanostructured catalyst, PdAg@ZIF-8, featuring plasmonic PdAg nanocages encompassed by a metal-organic framework (MOF, namely, ZIF-8) shell, has been rationally fabricated. PdAg@ZIF-8 achieves selective (97.5%) hydrogenation of nitrostyrene to vinylaniline with complete conversion at ambient temperature under visible light irradiation. The photothermal effect of Ag, together with the substrate enrichment effect of the catalyst, improves the Pd activity. The near-field enhancement effect from plasmonic Ag and optimized Pd electronic state by Ag alloying promote selective adsorption of the -NO₂ group and therefore catalytic selectivity. Remarkably, the unique yolk-shell nanostructure not only facilitates access to PdAg cores and protects them from aggregation but also benefits substrate enrichment and preferential -NO₂ adsorption under light irradiation, the latter two of which surpass the core-shell counterpart, giving rise to enhanced activity, selectivity, and recyclability.

Progress on two-dimensional binary oxide materials

Two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have attracted much attention because of their unique electronic and optical properties. Since the successful isolation of graphene in 2004, many interesting 2D materials have emerged, including elemental olefins (silicene, germanene, etc.), transition metal chalcogenides, transition metal carbides (nitrides), hexagonal boron, etc. On the other hand, 2D binary oxide materials are an important group in the 2D family owing to their high structural diversity, low cost, high stability, and strong adjustability. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on 2D binary oxide materials. We discuss their composition and structure in terms of vdW and non-vdW categories in detail, followed by a discussion of their synthesis methods. In particular, we focus on strategies to tailor the properties of 2D oxides and their emerging applications in different fields. Finally, the challenges and future developments of 2D binary oxides are provided.

Correlated States in Strained Twisted Bilayer Graphenes Away from the Magic Angle

Graphene moiré superlattice formed by rotating two graphene sheets can host strongly correlated and topological states when flat bands form at so-called magic angles. Here, we report that, for a twisting angle far away from the magic angle, the heterostrain induced during stacking heterostructures can also create flat bands. Combining a direct visualization of strain effect in twisted bilayer graphene moiré superlattices and transport measurements, features of correlated states appear at "non-magic" angles in twisted bilayer graphene under the heterostrain. Observing correlated states in these "non-standard" conditions can enrich the understanding of the possible origins of the correlated states and widen the freedom in tuning the moiré heterostructures and the scope of exploring the correlated physics in moiré superlattices.

Nonequilibrium Green's function method for phonon heat transport in quantum system

Phonon heat transport property in quantum devices is of great interesting since it presents significant quantum behaviors. In the past few decades, great efforts have been devoted to establish the theoretical method for phonon heat transport simulation in nanostructures. However, modeling phonon heat transport from wavelike coherent regime to particlelike incoherent regime remains a challenging task. The widely adopted theoretical approach, such as molecular dynamics, semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation, captures quantum mechanical effects within different degrees of approximation. Among them, Non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method has attracted wide attention, as its ability to perform full quantum simulation including many-body interactions. In this review, we summarized recent theoretical advances of phonon NEGF method and the applications on the numerical simulation for phonon heat transport in nanostructures. At last, the challenges of numerical simulation are discussed.

Stability and passivation of 2D group VA elemental materials: black phosphorus and beyond

Since the successful isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have become one of the focuses in material science owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. In particular, 2D group VA elemental materials exhibit fascinating thickness-dependent band structures. Unfortunately, the well-known instability issue hinders their fundamental researches and practical applications. In this review, we first discuss the degradation mechanism of black phosphorus (BP), a most studied group VA material. Next, we summarize the methods to enhance BP stability with the focus of multifunctional passivation. Finally, we briefly discuss the protection strategies of other emerging group VA materials in recent years. This review provides insight for the degradation mechanism and protecting strategy for 2D group VA elements materials, which will promote their potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.

Self-Driven Broadband Photodetectors Based on MoSe2/FePS3 van der Waals n-p Type-II Heterostructures

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with broadband optical absorption are promising candidates for next-generation UV-vis-NIR photodetectors. FePS₃, one of the emerging antiferromagnetic van der Waals materials with a wide bandgap and p-type conductivity, has been reported as an excellent candidate for UV optoelectronics. However, a high sensitivity photodetector with a self-driven mode based on FePS₃ has not yet been realized. Here, we report a high-performance and self-powered photodetector based on a multilayer MoSe₂/FePS₃ type-II n-p heterojunction with a working range from 350 to 900 nm. The presented photodetector operates at zero bias and at room temperature under ambient conditions. It exhibits a maximum responsivity (R_max) of 52 mA W^-1 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 12% at 522 nm, which are better than the characteristics of its individual constituents and many other photodetectors made of 2D heterostructures. The high performance of MoSe₂/FePS₃ is attributed to the built-in electric field in the MoSe₂/FePS₃ n-p junction. Our approach provides a promising platform for broadband self-driven photodetector applications.

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Five Novel Taxa in Parabambusicolaceae (Massarineae, Pleosporales) from Yunnan, China

Parabambusicolaceae is a well-studied family in Massarineae, Pleosporales, comprising nine genera and approximately 16 species. The family was introduced to accommodate saprobic bambusicola-like species in both freshwater and terrestrial environments that mostly occur on bamboos and grasses but are also found on different host substrates. In the present study, we surveyed and collected ascomycetes from bamboo and submerged grass across Yunnan Province, China. A biphasic approach based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny demonstrated five new taxa in Parabambusicolaceae. A novel genus Scolecohyalosporium is introduced as a monotypic genus to accommodate S. submersum sp. nov., collected from dead culms of grass submerged in a freshwater stream. The genus is unique in forming filiform ascospores, which differ from other known genera in Parabambusicolaceae. Multigene phylogeny showed that the genus has a close relationship with Multiseptospora. Moreover, the novel monotypic genus Neomultiseptospora, isolated from bamboo, was introduced to accommodate N. yunnanensis sp. nov. Neomultiseptospora yunnanensis formed a separated branch basal to Scolecohyalosporium submersum and Multiseptospora thailandica with high support (100% ML, 1.00 PP). Furthermore, the newly introduced species, Parabambusicola hongheensis sp. nov. was also isolated from bamboo in terrestrial habitats. Parabambusicola hongheensis clustered with the other three described Parabambusicola species and has a close relationship with P. bambusina with significant support (88% ML, 1.00 PP). Parabambusicola hongheensis was reported as the fourth species in this genus. Detailed description, illustration, and updated phylogeny of Parabambusicolaceae were provided.

γ-CuI from ionic liquid/poly(ionic liquid)s precursors with controllable morphologies and improved photocatalytic performance

γ-phase copper(I) iodide (abbreviated to CuI hereafter) with different morphologies is realized through a one-step redox process from I-containing ionic liquid (IL) or poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) precursors at room temperature. The phase composition, morphology, and electronic states of the synthesized CuI samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulting CuI products exhibit three different types of morphologies, namely nanocrystals, with an average size of 0.8 ± 0.2 μm, nanoplates, with a thickness of 35.8 ± 0.9 nm, and nanoflowers, with petals with a thickness of 12.2 ± 0.8 nm. Moreover, the as-synthesized CuI samples exhibit gradually diminishing bandgaps and improved photocatalysis performance for the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation as the thickness decreases. XPS measurements confirm that IL/PILs coupled to the CuI surface, resulting in a further charge transfer between Cu and I. These results conclusively prove that IL/PILs serve as both the reducing agents and assemble as orientation templates in the formation of the CuI nanostructures, and also successfully mediate the functional properties of the samples by changing the surface electronic structures.

High-performance polarization-sensitive photodetectors on two-dimensional β -InSe

Two-dimensional (2D) indium selenide (InSe) has been widely studied for application in transistors and photodetectors, which benefit from its excellent optoelectronic properties. Among the three specific polytypes (γ-, ϵ- and β-phase) of InSe, only the crystal lattice of InSe in β-phase (β-InSe) belongs to a non-symmetry point group of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$D_{6h}^4$\end{document}, which indicates stronger anisotropic transport behavior and potential in the polarized photodetection of β-InSe-based optoelectronic devices. Therefore, we prepare the stable p-type 2D-layered β-InSe via temperature gradient method. The anisotropic Raman, transport and photoresponse properties of β-InSe have been experimentally and theoretically proven, showing that the β-InSe-based device has a ratio of 3.76 for the maximum to minimum dark current at two orthogonal orientations and a high photocurrent anisotropic ratio of 0.70 at 1 V bias voltage, respectively. The appealing anisotropic properties demonstrated in this work clearly identify β-InSe as a competitive candidate for filter-free polarization-sensitive photodetectors.

Template-Directed Rapid Synthesis of Pd-Based Ultrathin Porous Intermetallic Nanosheets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

Atomically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles exhibit improved catalytic activity and durability relative to random alloy counterparts. However, conventional methods with time-consuming and high-temperature syntheses only have rudimentary capability in controlling the structure of intermetallic nanoparticles, hindering advances of intermetallic nanocatalysts. We report a template-directed strategy for rapid synthesis of Pd-based (PdM, M=Pb, Sn and Cd) ultrathin porous intermetallic nanosheets (UPINs) with tunable sizes. This strategy uses preformed seeds, which act as the template to control the deposition of foreign atoms and the subsequent interatomic diffusion. Using the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as a model reaction, the as-synthesized Pd₃ Pb UPINs exhibit superior activity, durability, and methanol tolerance. The favored geometrical structure and interatomic interaction between Pd and Pb in Pd₃ Pb UPINs are concluded to account for the enhanced ORR performance.

Review on Recent Developments in 2D Ferroelectrics: Theories and Applications

Although only a few 2D materials have been predicted to possess ferroelectricity, 2D ferroelectrics are expected to play a dominant role in the upcoming nano era as important functional materials. The ferroelectric properties of 2D ferroelectrics are significantly different than those of traditional bulk ferroelectrics owing to their intrinsic size and surface effects. To date, 2D ferroelectrics have been reported to exhibit diverse properties ranging from bulk photovoltaic and piezoelectric/pyroelectric effects to the spontaneous valley and spin polarization. These properties are either dependent on ferroelectric polarization or coupled with it for easy electric control, thus making 2D ferroelectrics applicable to multifunctional nanodevices. At present, cumulative efforts are being made to explore 2D ferroelectrics in theories, experiments, and applications. Herein, such theories and methods are briefly introduced. Subsequently, intrinsic and extrinsic origins of 2D ferroelectricity are separately summarized. In addition, invented or laboratory-validated 2D ferroelectric-based applications are listed. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects of 2D ferroelectrics are discussed.

Two-dimensional magneto-photoconductivity in non-van der Waals manganese selenide

Deficient intrinsic species and suppressed Curie temperatures (T_c) in two-dimensional (2D) magnets are major barriers for future spintronic applications. As an alternative, delaminating non-van der Waals (vdW) magnets can offset these shortcomings and involve robust bandgaps to explore 2D magneto-photoconductivity at ambient temperature. Herein, non-vdW α-MnSe₂ is first delaminated as quasi-2D nanosheets for the study of emerging semiconductor, ferromagnetism and magneto-photoconductivity behaviors. Abundant nonstoichiometric surfaces induce the renormalization of the band structure and open a bandgap of 1.2 eV. The structural optimization strengthens ferromagnetic super-exchange interactions between the nearest-neighbor Mn²⁺, which enables us to achieve a high T_c of 320 K well above room temperature. The critical fitting of magnetization and transport measurements both verify that it is of quasi-2D nature. The above observations are evidenced by multiple microscopic and macroscopic characterization tools, in line with the prediction of first-principles calculations. Profiting from the negative magnetoresistance effect, the self-powered infrared magneto-photoconductivity performance including a responsivity of 330.4 mA W^-1 and a millisecond-level response speed are further demonstrated. Such merits stem from the synergistic modulation of magnetic and light fields on photogenerated carriers. This provides a new strategy to manipulate both charge and spin in 2D non-vdW systems and displays their alluring prospects in magneto-photodetection.

Oxygen Vacancy Engineering of MOF-Derived Zn-Doped Co3O4 Nanopolyhedrons for Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation

Introducing oxygen vacancy (V_o) has been considered as an effective and significant method to accelerate the sluggish electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In this work, a series of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks based on ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 with varied ratios of Co/Zn have been applied as precursors to prepare V_o-rich Zn-doped Co₃O₄ nanopolyhedrons (Zn-Co₃O₄) by a low-temperature oxidation strategy. Zn-Co₃O₄ presents an ammonia yield of 22.71 μg h^-1 mg_cat.^-1 with a high faradaic efficiency of 11.9% for NRR under ambient conditions. The remarkable catalytic performances are believed to result from the plentiful V_o as the Lewis acid sites and electron-rich Co sites to promote the adsorption and dissociation of N₂ molecules. Remarkably, Zn-Co₃O₄ also demonstrates a high electrochemical stability. This work presents a guiding method for developing a stable and efficient electrocatalyst for the NRR.

Accelerating Crystallization of Open Organic Materials by Poly(ionic liquid)s

The capability to significantly shorten the synthetic period of a broad spectrum of open organic materials presents an enticing prospect for materials processing and applications. Herein we discovered 1,2,4‐triazolium poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) could serve as a universal additive to accelerate by at least one order of magnitude the growth rate of representative imine‐linked crystalline open organics, including organic cages, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and macrocycles. This phenomenon results from the active C5‐protons in poly(1,2,4‐triazolium)s that catalyze the formation of imine bonds, and the simultaneous salting‐out effect (induced precipitation by decreasing solubility) that PILs exert on these crystallizing species.