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Jou YC, Tsai YS, Lin CT, Tung CL, Shen CH, Tsai HT, Yang WH, Chang HI, Chen SY, Tzai TS. Foxp3 enhances HIF-1α target gene expression in human bladder cancer through decreasing its ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65403-65417. [PMID: 27557492 PMCID: PMC5323164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can control a transcriptional factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) protein expression in T lymphocyte differentiation through proteasome-mediated degradation. In this study, we unveil a reverse regulatory mechanism contributing to bladder cancer progression; Foxp3 expression attenuates HIF-1α degradation. We first demonstrated that Foxp3 expression positively correlates with the metastatic potential in T24 cells and can increase the expression of HIF-1α-target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter (GLUT). Foxp3 protein can bind with HIF-1α, particularly under hypoxia. In vivo ubiquination assay demonstrated that Foxp3 can decrease HIF-1α degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Knocking-down of Foxp3 expression blocks in vivo tumor growth in mice and prolongs mice's survival, which is associated with von Willebrand factor expression. Thirty-three of 145 (22.8 %) bladder tumors exhibit Foxp3 expression. Foxp3 expression is an independent predictor for disease progression in superficial bladder cancer patients (p = 0.032), associated with less number of intratumoral CD8+ lymphocyte. The metaanalysis from 2 published datasets showed Foxp3 expression is positively associated with GLUT−4, −9, and VEGF-A, B-, D expression. This reverse post-translational regulation of HIF-1α protein by Foxp3 provides a new potential target for developing new therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.
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Tzai TS, Tsai YS. Small cell carcinoma of upper urinary tract: A pooled analysis of survival. FORMOSAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/fjs.fjs_170_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chen MY, Chen YY, Tsai HT, Tzai TS, Chen MC, Tsai YS. Transdermal Delivery of Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone with Chitosan Microneedles: A Promising Tool for Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:6791-6797. [PMID: 29187457 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long-term administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs (LHRHa) is the main type of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for lethal prostate cancer. A fully insertable microneedle system, composed of embeddable chitosan microneedles and a dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone supporting array, was developed for sustained delivery of LHRHa to the skin. A porcine cadaver skin test showed that chitosan microneedles can be fully embedded within the skin and microneedle-created micropores reseal within 7 days. The measured LHRHa loading amount was 73.3±2.8 μg per microneedle patch. After applying goserelin-containing microneedles to mice, serum LH levels increased initially and then declined below baseline at day 7. In contrast, serum testosterone levels increased to reach a peak at day 14 and then declined to a castration level at day 21. Additionally, such a castration level was maintained for 2 weeks. Therefore, transdermal delivery of goserelin with embeddable chitosan microneedles can produce a castrated state in mice. Such a system is a promising, feasible means of delivering ADT.
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Chen CH, Tsai YS, Tzai TS. Significance of HER2 expression in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A meta-analysis. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Wu KY, Tsai YS, Chen CH, Chen IH, Tzai TS, Tong YC. Association of Prostate Blood Flow with Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Urol Int 2016; 97:352-357. [PMID: 27632556 DOI: 10.1159/000449233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of prostate blood flow (PBF) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aged males using Doppler spectral waveform (DSW) analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective analysis involving 133 aged males with clinical diagnosis of LUTS. DSW parameters (peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI)) were measured at bilateral neurovascular bundles (NVB), periurethral, and capsular branches by Doppler transrectal ultrasound with the patient in the right lateral decubitus position. The associations of PBF parameters and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, total IPSS scores were significantly correlated with the RI of bilateral NVB vessels (r2 = 0.03, 0.04; p = 0.04, 0.02, respectively), and PSV of left NVB vessels. PSV of bilateral NVB vessels were associated with the storage score (p = 0.022 and p = 0.016), but not with the voiding score. The sum of the frequency and urgency score was also associated with EDV of both capsular and urethral branches (p = 0.043 and p = 0.009, respectively), and PSV of NVB vessels on both sides (p = 0.045 and p = 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is an association between PBF and LUTS, especially with storage symptoms. The findings may provide some insights in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
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Cheng CW, Tsai YS, Jou YC, Tsai HT, Yang WH, Chow NH, Tzai TS. PROGNOSTIC RELEVANCE OF RON EXPRESSION ON UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2016.05.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kao YL, Tsai YS, Lin ZY, Ou CH, Yang WH, Chen HL, Tzai TS, Wang JD. Trend of global quality of life in localized or metastatic prostate cancer patients after treatment. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2016.05.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Wu KY, Tsai YS, Cheng HL, Ou CH, Yang WH, Tzai TS. The role of sub-clinical prostatitis on BPH/LUTS patients. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2016.05.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Tsai YS, Jou YC, Lin CT, Shen CH, Chen SY, Tsai HT, Yang WH, Tzai TS. FOXP3 interacts with and regulates HIF-1α-VEGF signaling in human bladder cancer. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2016.05.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lin TY, Ou CH, Yang WH, Tong YC, Cheng HL, Tsai YS, Cheng YS, Cheng IH, Lin YM. Early surgical intervention within 15 hours results in survival benefit in Patients with fournier's gangrene. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2016.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Chang HY, Chang TC, Huang WY, Lee CT, Yen CJ, Tsai YS, Tzai TS, Chen SH, Chow NH. RON Nuclear Translocation under Hypoxia Potentiates Chemoresistance to DNA Double-Strand Break-Inducing Anticancer Drugs. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:276-86. [PMID: 26772202 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with radioresistance, chemoresistance, and metastasis, which eventually lead to cancer progression and a poor patient prognosis. RON [also known as macrophage-stimulating protein receptor (MST1R)] belongs to the c-MET [also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR)] receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. To identify the interaction partners of RON nuclear translocation in response to hypoxia, the nuclear extract of TSGH8301 bladder cancer cells was immunoprecipitated for tandem mass profiling analysis. Nuclear RON interacted with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent DNA helicase 2 (Ku70) and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to activate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. The interaction was time dependent, extending 3 to 24 hours posthypoxia or until the components had been exposed to the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and epirubicin. Stable knockdown experiments in vitro suggest the importance of RON for the chemoresistance of cancer cells under hypoxia. In addition, the tyrosine kinase domain of nuclear RON is crucial for interaction with Ku70 under hypoxia. J82 cells transfected with RON showed a survival advantage in the presence of epirubicin and hypoxia. This suggests that nuclear RON activates NHEJ repair by interacting with Ku70/DNA-PKcs and inhibiting RON activity to increase cancer cell chemosensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 276-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Lee MH, Thomas JL, Chang YC, Tsai YS, Liu BD, Lin HY. Electrochemical sensing of nuclear matrix protein 22 in urine with molecularly imprinted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) coated zinc oxide nanorod arrays for clinical studies of bladder cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:789-95. [PMID: 26774095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 1996 and 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) as a monitoring tool for predicting the recurrence/clearing of bladder cancer, and for screening undiagnosed individuals who have symptoms of, or are at risk for, that disease. The fabrication of electrodes for sensing NMP22 and their integration with a portable potentiostat in a homecare system may have great value. This work describes a sensing element comprised of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the specific recognition of NMP22 target molecules. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (214 ± 45 nm in diameter and 1.08 ± 0.11 μm long) were hydrothermally grown on the sensing electrodes to increase the surface area to be coated with MIPs. A portable potentiostat was assembled and a data acquisition (DAQ) card and the Labview program were utilized to monitor electrochemical reaction to sense NMP22 in urine samples. Finally, in phase 0 clinical trials, measurements were made of samples from a few patients with bladder cancer using the NMP22 MIP-coated ZnO nanorods electrodes that were integrated into a portable potentiostat, revealing NMP 22 concentrations in the range 128 ± 19 to 588 ± 53 ng/mL.
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Wu KY, Tsai YS, Yang WH, Tzai TS. Analysis of prostate cancer foci in patients with transrectal 10-core systemic random biopsy—Can we predict pathological stage of prostate cancer through trus biopsy? UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kao YL, Tsai YS, Ou FY, Syu YJ, Ou CH, Yang WH, Cheng HL, Tzai TS, Wang JD. Determinants of quality of life in prostate cancer patients: A single institute analysis. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chiang CY, Pan CC, Chang HY, Lai MD, Tzai TS, Tsai YS, Ling P, Liu HS, Lee BF, Cheng HL, Ho CL, Chen SH, Chow NH. SH3BGRL3 Protein as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Urothelial Carcinoma: A Novel Binding Partner of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5601-11. [PMID: 26286913 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mass spectrometry-based biomarker discovery has clinical benefit. To identify novel biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma, we performed quantitative proteomics on pooled urine pairs from patients with and without urothelial carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Shot-gun proteomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and stable isotope dimethyl labeling identified 219 candidate proteins. The potential implication of SH3 domain binding glutamic acid-rich protein like 3 (SH3BGRL3) was examined by immunoblotting of the urine (n = 13) and urothelial tumors (n = 32). Additional immunohistochemistry was performed on bladder cancer array (n = 1145) and correlated with tumor aggressiveness. Then, biologic functions and signaling pathways of SH3BGRL3 were explored using stable cell lines. RESULTS The detectable urine SH3BGRL3 in patients with urothelial carcinoma was positively associated with higher histologic grading and muscle invasiveness of urothelial carcinoma. SH3BGRL3 is expressed in 13.9% (159/1145) of bladder cancer cohort and is positively associated with muscle invasion (P = 0.0028). SH3BGRL3 expression is associated with increased risk of progression in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (P = 0.032). SH3BGRL3 expression is significantly associated with a high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in bladder cancer (P < 0.0001). SH3BGRL3 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and proliferation of urothelial carcinoma in vitro. SH3BGRL3 interacts with phosphor-EGFR at Y1068, Y1086, and Y1173 through Grb2 by its proline-rich motif, and activates the Akt-associated signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of SH3BGRL3 expression status or urine content may identify a subset of patients with bladder cancer who may require more intensive treatment. SH3BGRL3 deserves further investigation as a cotargeting candidate for designing EGFR-based cancer therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5601-11. ©2015 AACR.
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Lai CH, Chang CS, Liu HH, Tsai YS, Hsu FM, Yu YL, Lai CK, Gandee L, Pong RC, Hsu HW, Yu L, Saha D, Hsieh JT. Sensitization of radio-resistant prostate cancer cells with a unique cytolethal distending toxin. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5523-34. [PMID: 25015118 PMCID: PMC4170639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) produced by Campylobacter jejuni is a genotoxin that induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that prostate cancer (PCa) cells can acquire radio-resistance when DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) is downregulated. In this study, we showed that CDT could induce cell death in DAB2IP-deficient PCa cells. A combination of CDT and radiotherapy significantly elicited cell death in DAB2IP-deficient PCa cells by inhibiting the repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) during G2/M arrest, which is triggered by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage checkpoint responses. We also found that CDT administration significantly increased the efficacy of radiotherapy in a xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that CDT can be a potent therapeutic agent for radio-resistant PCa.
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Tsai YS, Jou YC, Tsai YP, Liu BD, Lin HI, Wei CL, Chen SY, Tsai HT, Ou CH, Yang WH, Tzai TS. Development of 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid-based Integrated Non-invasive Biosensor for Bladder Cancer Detection. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.06.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Wu KY, Tsai YS, Chen IH, Lin YM, Tzai TS, Tong YC. Association of prostate blood flow with male lower urinary tract symptoms. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Chen CH, Tsai YS, Tzai TS. Significance of HER2 expression in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A meta-analysis. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Tsai YS, Jou YC, Shen CH, Lin CT, Chen PC, Cheng MC. Antegrade ureteroscopic assistance during percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complete renal staghorn stone: Technique and outcomes. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Yeh WB, Tseng MJ, Chang NT, Wu SY, Tsai YS. Agronomically important thrips: development of species-specific primers in multiplex PCR and microarray assay using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences for identification. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:52-59. [PMID: 25335450 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531400073x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thrips, the sole vector of plant Tospovirus, are major pests of many agricultural crops throughout the world. Molecular approaches have been applied in recent decades to identify these minute and morphologically difficult to distinguish insects. In this study, sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of 15 agronomically important thrips, including several virus transmission species, have been analyzed in order to design species-specific primers for multiplex PCR and probes for microarray assay. That the ITS1 sequence distances within species were smaller than those among species suggests that the ITS1 fragment can be used for thrips species identification. The specificity and stability of these primers, combined with universal paired primers, were tested and verified in multiplex PCR. Using these specific primers as probes, microarray assay showed that PCR products of all thrips species hybridized consistently to their corresponding probes, though some signals were weak. We have demonstrated that multiplex PCR using specific primers based on ITS1 sequences is a simple, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for thrips species identification. Moreover, the DNA microarray assay is expected to extend into a reliable high-throughput screening tool for the vast numbers of thrips.
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Yeh WB, Tseng MJ, Chang NT, Wu SY, Tsai YS. Development of Species-Specific Primers for Agronomical Thrips and Multiplex Assay for Quarantine Identification of Western Flower Thrips. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 107:1728-1735. [PMID: 26309260 DOI: 10.1603/ec14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While morphological identification of thrips species has been difficult because of their minute size and a lack of easily recognizable characteristics, molecular identification based on the development of specific molecular markers can be easily and reliably carried out. Among the known molecular markers, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) exhibits distinguishable variations among thrips species. In this study, sequences of ITS2 region of 10 agriculturally important thrips were established to design species-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ITS2 sequence variations within these species were far less than those among species, indicating the suitability of this marker for species-specific primers design. These primers, though with one or two sporadically variable positions, showed a good efficacy within species. The specificity of these primers, examined on thrips species belonging to 15 genera, proved satisfactory. Furthermore, a multiplex PCR was used successfully for identifying Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), an insect pest monitored for quarantine purpose, and three additional thrips also commonly found in imported agricultural products and field samples, i.e., Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom). This study has demonstrated that specific primers and multiplex PCR based on ITS2 are reliable, convenient, and diagnostic tool to discriminate thrips species of quarantine and agricultural importance.
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Tsai YS, Lai CL, Lai CH, Chang KH, Wu K, Tseng SF, Fazli L, Gleave M, Xiao G, Gandee L, Sharifi N, Moro L, Tzai TS, Hsieh JT. The role of homeostatic regulation between tumor suppressor DAB2IP and oncogenic Skp2 in prostate cancer growth. Oncotarget 2014; 5:6425-36. [PMID: 25115390 PMCID: PMC4171641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered DAB2IP gene expression often detected in prostate cancer (PCa) is due to epigenetic silencing. In this study, we unveil a new mechanism leading to the loss of DAB2IP protein; an oncogenic S-phase kinase-associated protein-2 (Skp2) as E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a key regulator in DAB2IP degradation. In order to unveil the role of Skp2 in the turnover of DAB2IP protein, both prostate cell lines and prostate cancer specimens with a variety of molecular and cell biologic techniques were employed. We demonstrated that DAB2IP is regulated by Skp2-mediated proteasome degradation in the prostate cell lines. Further analyses identified the N-terminal DAB2IP containing the ubiquitination site. Immunohistochemical study exhibited an inverse correlation between DAB2IP and Skp2 protein expression in the prostate cancer tissue microarray. In contrast, DAB2IP can suppressSkp2 protein expression is mediated through Akt signaling. The reciprocal regulation between DAB2IP and Skp2 can impact on the growth of PCa cells. This reciprocal regulation between DAB2IP and Skp2 protein represents a unique homeostatic balance between tumor suppressor and oncoprotein in normal prostate epithelia, which is apparently altered in cancer cells. The outcome of this study has identified new potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategy for PCa.
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Liu HH, Tsai YS, Lai CL, Tang CH, Lai CH, Wu HC, Hsieh JT, Yang CR. Evolving Personalized Therapy for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2014; 4:2. [PMID: 25520915 PMCID: PMC4264971 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-014-0002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in molecular biologic and genomic technology, detailed molecular mechanisms for development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have surfaced. Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) no longer represents an end stage, with many emerging therapeutic agents approved as effective in prolonging survival of patients from either pre- or post-docetaxel stage. Given tumor heterogeneity in patients, a one-size-fits-all theory for curative therapy remains questionable. With the support of evidence from continuing clinical trials, each treatment modality has gradually been found suitable for selective best-fit patients: e.g., new androgen synthesis inhibitor arbiraterone, androgen receptor signaling inhibitor enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy, new taxane carbazitaxel, calcium-mimetic radium-223 radiopharmaceutical agent. Moreover, several emerging immunomodulating agents and circulating tumor cell enumeration and analysis showed promise in animal or early phase clinical trials. While the era of personalized therapy for CRPC patients is still in infancy, optimal therapeutic agents and their sequencing loom not far in the future.
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Chang HY, Liu HS, Lai MD, Tsai YS, Tzai TS, Cheng HL, Chow NH. Hypoxia promotes nuclear translocation and transcriptional function in the oncogenic tyrosine kinase RON. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4549-62. [PMID: 24903148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia drives metastatic progression, drug resistance, and posttreatment relapses, but how cancer cells adapt and evolve in response to hypoxic stress is not well understood. In this study, we address this question with the discovery that the receptor tyrosine kinase RON translocates into the nucleus of hypoxic cancer cells. In response to hypoxia, nuclear RON interacts with the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α in a manner that relies on RON tyrosine kinase activity, binding to the c-JUN promoter and activating it. Mechanistic investigations revealed unexpectedly that nuclear RON played a more important role in activation of the c-JUN promoter than HIF-1α, leading to increased cell proliferation, survival adaptation, in vitro migration, and tumorigenicity under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, our results pointed to a novel function for RON as a transcriptional regulator that promotes the survival of cancer cells subjected to hypoxia. These results suggest novel implications for the use of small-molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies targeting the RON kinase in the prevention or treatment of advanced cancer.
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