An eight-channel correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for turbulent electron temperature fluctuation measurement in HL-2A tokamak

A new correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) diagnostic has recently been installed on the HL-2A tokamak in order to study electron temperature fluctuations. Eight radial locations are measured simultaneously through eight pairs of correlated channels. Multiplexers are employed in the intermediate frequency section instead of the conventional separated filter banks to meet strict cross-isolation specifications and lower insertion loss. Relative electron temperature fluctuations are observed by CECE for the first time on the HL-2A by using the spectral decorrelation method. The achieved minimum detectable fluctuation level is up to (T̃_e/T_e)_min∼0.5%. When studying electron temperature fluctuations in the core region with gas puffing, the cross-power spectra show that the amplitude of the electron temperature fluctuation increases in a high temperature and low density plasma. Further analysis demonstrates that the electron temperature gradient ∇T_e drives the electron temperature fluctuations together with electron heat transport.

[Effects of vitamin D3 on intestinal mucosal barrier of mice with severe burns]

Objective: To explore the effects of vitamin D₃ on intestinal mucosal barrier of mice with severe burns. Methods: Forty-two C57BL/6C male mice aged eight to twelve weeks were divided into vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group of seven mice, vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group of fourteen mice, vitamin D₃+ sham injury group of seven mice, and vitamin D₃+ burn injury group of fourteen mice according to random number table. Mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group and vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were injected with vehicle of vitamin D₃ at a dose of 0.1 mL intraperitoneally at 1, 24, and 48 h before burn experiment. Mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group and vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were injected with vitamin D₃ at a dose of 100 ng/kg dissolved in 0.1 mL vehicle intraperitoneally at the same time points. Mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group and vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were inflicted with 30% total body surface area full-thickness dermal scald (hereinafter referred to as burn) on the back by 98 ℃ hot water for 3 to 4 seconds. And mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group and vitamin D₃+ sham injury were treated with 37 ℃ water on the back for 3 to 4 seconds to simulate injury. Seven mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group and seven mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group at post injury hour (PIH) 24, and seven mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group and seven mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group at PIH 6 and 24 were sacrificed respectively to collect mesentery lymph nodes, spleens, livers, and intestinal tissue. The mesentery lymph nodes, spleens, and livers of mice in each group were collected to observe growth of bacteria, and number of bacteria was counted. Intestinal tissue of mice in each group was collected to detect protein expressions of zonal occludin 1 (ZO-1) and occludin by immunohistochemistry staining method, distribution of ZO-1 by immunofluorescence staining method, and expression of occludin by Western blotting. Data were processed with Kruskal-Wallis H test, Nemenyi test, one-way analysis of variance, t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) At PIH 6 and 24, bacterial counts of mesentery lymph nodes, livers, and spleens of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were significantly higher than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group (P<0.05). At PIH 6, bacterial counts of livers and spleens of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group (P<0.05). At PIH 24, bacterial counts of mesentery lymph nodes and livers of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group (P<0.05). (2) At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of ZO-1 and occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group, and expressions of ZO-1 and occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were close to those of mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group. At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of ZO-1 and occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were significantly higher than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group. (3) At PIH 6 and 24, compared with that of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group, distribution of ZO-1 of intestinal mucosal epithelium of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group was discontinuous. Distribution of ZO-1 of intestinal mucosal epithelium of mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group was normal, and the distribution of ZO-1 of intestinal mucosal epithelium of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group was with good continuity. (4) At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were 0.720±0.003, 0.638±0.052 respectively, significantly lower than 0.918±0.003 of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group (t=57.33, 5.36, P<0.05). At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were 0.994±0.058, 1.064±0.060, close to 0.938±0.023 of mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group (t=0.91, 1.96, P>0.05). At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group (t=4.75, 5.35, P<0.05). Conclusions: Intestinal bacterial translocation can occur in the early stage of severe burn. And vitamin D₃ plays a protective role in the intestinal mucosal barrier post severe burn to reduce the bacterial translocation by protecting tight junction proteins of intestinal epithelium.

[All levels miniplate fixation and a modified hybrid fixation method in expansive open-door cervical laminoplasty: a retrospective comparative study]

OBJECTIVE

To retrospectively compare the effect of alternate levels miniplate and anchor fixation with the effect of all levels miniplate fixation in expansive open-door cervical laminoplasty (EOLP).

METHODS

Patients with cervical spondylosis underwent EOLP between July 2015 and June 2016 were included in the study. There were 33 patients in the alternate group (alternate levels miniplate and anchor fixation group) and 34 patients in the miniplate group (all levels miniplate fixation group). Neurological function was evaluated with the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and degree of pain was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Basic clinical and surgical data, complication rates and medical costs of the two groups were compared. In addition, radiological examinations were performed pre- and post-operatively and at the final follow-up. Relative imaging data such as anteroposterior diameter (APD), cervical curvature index (CCI) and open angle were collected and compared.

RESULTS

(1) The mean follow-up time was 18.6 months in the alternate group and 18.9 months in the miniplate group. There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complication rates, post-operative hospital stays, VAS scores and neurological recovery rates preoperatively and at the final follow-up between the two groups. (2) Additionally, no obvious differences were observed about CCIs and APDs at the three follow-up time points between the two groups. Post-operative open angles at C4 and C6 in the alternate group were significantly smaller than those in the miniplate group. However, there were no significant differences in C3, C5 and C7 open angles between the two groups post-operatively. Notably, no significant differences were detected about the open angles at all levels between the two groups at the final follow-up. (3) When comparing radiologic data at different time points in each group, CCIs and open angles at each level had no significant differences, but APDs after surgery and at the final follow-up were significantly larger than pre-operative APDs. (4) Total costs in the alternate group were significantly lower than those in the miniplate group.

CONCLUSION

The two surgical methods showed almost the same neurological recovery rates and complication rates. However, use of alternate levels miniplate and anchor fixation in EOLP can reduce medical expenses.

[Efficacy analysis of psychological intervention on the basis of medication for the treatment of moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis]

Objective:To observe the effect of psychological intervention on the basis of drug therapy for moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis.Method:Sixty patients with moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into two groups: control group and study group. The control group was only given pure drug therapy. The study group was given drug treatment and psychological intervention. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the patients were graded by SAS, SDS and RQLQ to assess their anxiety and depression, as well as changes in the quality of life. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed.Result:After the treatment, the SAS and SDS scores of the control group and the study group were lower than those scores before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores were lower in the study group than in the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After the treatment, the scores of RQLQ in the control group and the study group were lower than those scores before treatment. and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment with two regimens, the scores of the sleep, the non-nose/eye symptoms, and the emotion were lower in the study group than those scores in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:To improve the mental disorder and the quality of life of the moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis patients, on the basis of drug treatment along with psychological intervention is more effective than using medical treatment.

[Recalling the 60 years' glory of burn medicine in China]

Chinese burn medicine began in the " Great Leap Forward" movement, with the mark of the successful rescue of Qiu Caikang in Guangci Hospital (now known as Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai. With the fading of the " Great Leap Forward" movement in 1962, medical staff of some burn bases such as Southwest Hospital of the Seventh Military Medical University (now known as the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University) made a comprehensive summary on burn treatment, forming a set of original effective treatment protocols, which led to the improvement of burn treatment level. The stamp-like auto-allo intermingled skin grafting was created during that period, followed by the creation of an approach called " to embed small pieces of autogenic skin into the holes of a large sheet of allogenic skin" in Guangci Hospital, Shanghai. Owing to these approaches, the eschar of extensive burns was excised in multiple times, which led to the improvement of the cure level for extensive deep burn. Since then, the cure rate of burns of China continued to be the first in the world. Unfortunately, with the beginning of the " Great Cultural Revolution" , the development of Chinese burn medicine was interrupted and stopped. With the founding of the " Revolutionary Committee" in 1969, the Chinese burn medicine just started to recover. After 1978, the Chinese burn medicine began to rise rapidly again. Since then, the theoretic research on burns has been conducted in China, just as a follower at the beginning, and then as a runner in 1990s', but as a leader in 2000s' in some fields such as inhalation injury, sepsis, and wound healing, etc. At present, the clinical cure rate of burns in China is ranked in the leading position in the world, and the theoretical research on burns is also among the advanced ranks in the world.

[A case of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus through poultry processing without protection measure]

Objective: To investigate the infection pattern and etiological characteristics of a case of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was conducted to explore the case's exposure history, infection route and disease progression. Samples collected from the patient, environments and poultry were tested by using real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Virus isolation, genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted for positive samples. Results: The case had no live poultry contact history, but had a history of pulled chicken processing without taking protection measure in an unventilated kitchen before the onset. Samples collected from the patient's lower respiratory tract, the remaining frozen chicken meat and the live poultry market were all influenza A (H7N9) virus positive. The isolated viruses from these positive samples were highly homogenous. An insertion which lead to the addition of multiple basic amino acid residues (PEVPKRKRTAR/GL) was found at the HA cleavage site, suggesting that this virus might be highly pathogenic. Conclusions: Live poultry processing without protection measure is an important infection mode of "poultry to human" transmission of avian influenza viruses. Due to the limitation of protection measures in live poultry markets in Guangzhou, it is necessary to promote the standardized large scale poultry farming, the complete restriction of live poultry sales and centralized poultry slaughtering as well as ice fresh sale.

Sculpting nanoparticle dynamics for single-bacteria-level screening and direct binding-efficiency measurement

Particle trapping and binding in optical potential wells provide a versatile platform for various biomedical applications. However, implementation systems to study multi-particle contact interactions in an optical lattice remain rare. By configuring an optofluidic lattice, we demonstrate the precise control of particle interactions and functions such as controlling aggregation and multi-hopping. The mean residence time of a single particle is found considerably reduced from 7 s, as predicted by Kramer’s theory, to 0.6 s, owing to the mechanical interactions among aggregated particles. The optofluidic lattice also enables single-bacteria-level screening of biological binding agents such as antibodies through particle-enabled bacteria hopping. The binding efficiency of antibodies could be determined directly, selectively, quantitatively and efficiently. This work enriches the fundamental mechanisms of particle kinetics and offers new possibilities for probing and utilising unprecedented biomolecule interactions at single-bacteria level.

Optical trapping is a versatile tool for biomedical applications. Here, the authors use an optofluidic lattice to achieve controllable multi-particle hopping and demonstrate single-bacteria-level screening and measurement of binding efficiency of biological binding agents through particle-enabled bacteria hopping.

[Willingness and influencing factors related to "centralized slaughtering, fresh poultry listing and marketing" strategy among the household chefs in Guangzhou]

Objective: To study the willingness and influence factors related to "centralized slaughtering, fresh poultry listing and marketing" strategy, among the household chefs, and provide reference for government to adjust and optimize the strategy on avian influenza prevention. Methods: According to the geographical characteristics and regional functions, 6 'monitoring stations' were selected from 12 residential districts of Guangzhou, respectively. Another 21 meat markets which selling live poultry, were selected in each station and 5 household chefs of each market were invited to attend a face to face interview. Basic information, personal cognitive, willingness and influencing factors to the policy were under study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used. Results: A total of 664 household chefs underwent the survey and results showed that the rate of support to the "centralized slaughtering, fresh poultry listing and marketing" strategy was 44.6% (296/664). Results from the multi-factor logistic regression showed that those household chefs who were males (OR=1.618, 95% CI: 1.156-2.264, P=0.005), having received higher education (OR=1.814, 95% CI: 1.296-2.539, P=0.001), or believing that the existence of live poultry stalls was related to the transmission of avian influenza (OR=1.918, 95% CI: 1.341-2.743, P<0.001) were factors at higher risk. These household chefs also intended to avoid the use of live poultry stalls (OR=1.666, 95%CI: 1.203-2.309, P=0.002) and accept the "centralized slaughtering, fresh poultry listing and marketing" strategy. Conclusion: Detailed study on this subject and, setting up pilot project in some areas as well as prioritizing the education programs for household chefs seemed helpful to the implementation of the 'freezing-fresh poultry' policy.

High-resolution and multi-range particle separation by microscopic vibration in an optofluidic chip

An optofluidic chip is demonstrated in experiments for high-resolution and multi-range particle separation through the optically-induced microscopic vibration effect, where nanoparticles are trapped in loosely overdamped optical potential wells created with combined optical and fluidic constraints. It is the first demonstration of separating single nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 60 to 100 nm with a resolution of 10 nm. Nanoparticles vibrate with an amplitude of 3-7 μm in the loosely overdamped potential wells in the microchannel. The proposed optofluidic device is capable of high-resolution particle separation at both nanoscale and microscale without reconfiguring the device. The separation of bacteria from other larger cells is accomplished using the same chip and operation conditions. The unique trapping mechanism and the superb performance in high-resolution and multi-range particle separation of the proposed optofluidic chip promise great potential for a diverse range of biomedical applications.

[Phylogenetic analysis of envelope gene of dengue virus serotype 2 in Guangzhou, 2001-2015]

Objective: To investigate the molecular characteristics of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) in Guangzhou during 2001-2015, and analyze the E gene of the strains isolated, the phylogenetic tree and molecular clock were constructed to know about the evolution of the strains. Methods: The serum samples of the patients were detected by real time PCR, and positive samples were used to isolate dengue virus by using C6/36 cells. The E gene of the isolated strains were sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using software Mega 4.0, and the molecular clock was drawn by using software BEASTv1.8.2. Results: Twenty-six dengue virus strains were isolated between 2001 and 2015. They were all clustered into 2 genotypes, i.e. cosmopolitan genotype and Asian genotype Ⅰ. The strains isolated in Guangzhou shared high homology with Southeast Asian strains. The cosmopolitan genotype was divided into 2 sub-genotype at about 46 and 35 years ago. The substitution rate of dengue virus serotype 2 in Guangzhou was 7.1 × 10(-4) per year per site. Conclusions: There were close relationship between the Guangzhou strains and Southeast Asian strains. Guangzhou was at high risk of imported dengue fever, outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. There might be two ways of introduction of cosmopolitan genotype. The substitution rate of the strains in Guangzhou was similar to that in the neighbor countries.

Quantum vertex model for reversible classical computing

Mappings of classical computation onto statistical mechanics models have led to remarkable successes in addressing some complex computational problems. However, such mappings display thermodynamic phase transitions that may prevent reaching solution even for easy problems known to be solvable in polynomial time. Here we map universal reversible classical computations onto a planar vertex model that exhibits no bulk classical thermodynamic phase transition, independent of the computational circuit. Within our approach the solution of the computation is encoded in the ground state of the vertex model and its complexity is reflected in the dynamics of the relaxation of the system to its ground state. We use thermal annealing with and without 'learning' to explore typical computational problems. We also construct a mapping of the vertex model into the Chimera architecture of the D-Wave machine, initiating an approach to reversible classical computation based on state-of-the-art implementations of quantum annealing.

[Polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis]

OBJECTIVE

To describe the application of polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis.

METHODS

Observation group included 14 cases of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis received polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws from November 2014 to July 2015, control group included 12 cases of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis received polymethylmethacrylate augmentation with traditional pedicle screws.The operation time, blood loss, number of pedicle screws and number of augmented pedicle screws in the two groups were compared. The bone cement leakage and pulmonary bone cement embolism in the two groups were also compared. The fusion rate and pedicle screws loosening by lumbar X ray and dynamic X ray were evaluated. The clinical results were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) of pain on lumbar and lower limbers, lumbar Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA), Prolo functional scores and Oswestry disability (ODI) scores.

RESULTS

Differences of operation time and blood loss in the two groups were not statistically significant. The average number of pedicle screws was 9.9±4.7 and the average number of augmented pedicle screws was 5.9±2.6 in observation group while the average number of pedicle screws was 7.1±2.8 and the average number of augmented pedicle screws was 3.0±1.9 in control group. The ratio of augmented pedicle screws was higher in observation group than in control group (0.69±0.30 vs.0.47±0.30,P<0.05). The bone cement leakage rate was lower in observation group than in control group (5/83 vs. 12/42, P<0.01). All the cases in observation group were without leakage to the interspinal canal while one case in control group suffered from bone cement leakage to the interspinal canal with augmentation of 3 pedicle screws. The follow up period was (10.6±2.3) months in observation group and (36.5±7.2) months in control group. In final follow up, no case with non-fusion or pedicle screws loosening was found in both groups. Lumbar VAS, lower limbers VAS, lumbar JOA scores, Prolo functional scores and ODI scores were all better than pre-operation (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION

Polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws for the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases with osteoporosis was effective, with simple working processes and lower risk of bone cement leakage. The short-term clinical result was good.

[Inventory building of phages against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from wounds of patients with severe burn and related characteristic analysis]

OBJECTIVE

To build inventory of phages against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii isolated from wounds of inpatients of burn ICU and analyze related characteristics.

METHODS

In 2014 and 2015, 131 strains of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii were isolated from wounds of inpatients of burn ICU from one hospital in Chongqing. In 2015, 98 strains of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii were isolated from wounds of inpatients of burn ICU from 6 hospitals in Guangdong province. Above-mentioned 229 strains were collected for conducting experiments as follows: (1) Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of strains isolated from Chongqing and Guangdong province was analyzed. (2) Sewage co-culture method was applied for isolation of phages with above-mentioned strains and sewage from Chongqing and Guangdong province. Numbers of isolated phages and times of successful isolation and unsuccessful isolation were recorded. (3) The most prevalent subtypes of strains from Chongqing and Guangdong province in 2015 were collected, and their phages respectively underwent cross infection with all strains from Chongqing and those from Guangdong province. The lysis ability of phage was observed when phage underwent cross infection with the same subtype of strain or not the same, and the lytic ratio was calculated. (4) Fluid of phage in one type was randomly selected and equally divided into 3 parts, and its titer was determined by double dilution method. Then each part of phage fluid was subdivided into 3 small parts, which were cultured with LB fluid medium and respectively stored under the condition of -20 ℃, 4 ℃, and room temperature. After being stored for 1 month and 2 months, the titer of phage was determined for evaluating stability of phage. Data were processed with Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS

(1) The major type of strains from Chongqing in 2014 was ST368 (45%, 31/69), and major types of strains from Chongqing in 2015 were ST75 (26%, 16/62) and ST195 (24%, 15/62), while that from Guangdong province in 2015 was ST977 (46%, 45/98). (2) For strains from Chongqing, isolation effect of phage with sewage of Chongqing (8 times of successful isolation with 9 strains of phages and 1 time of unsuccessful isolation) was better than that with sewage of Guangdong province (1 time of successful isolation with 1 strain of phage and 7 times of unsuccessful isolation). For strains from Guangdong province, isolation effect of phage with sewage of Guangdong province (8 times of successful isolation with 6 strains of phages) was better than that with sewage of Chongqing (7 times of unsuccessful isolation with no phage). These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no obvious difference in isolation effect of phage between strains from Chongqing with sewage of Chongqing and strains from Guangdong province with sewage of Guangdong province (P>0.05). (3) The ratios of phages of ST75 and ST977 extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii strains lysing the strains with the same type were respectively 13/16 and 8/9, which were obviously higher than those lysing the strains with different type (respectively 11/115 and 3/53, with χ(2) values respectively 48.23 and 68.46, P values below 0.001). (4) Compared with that before storage, titer of phage under storage condition of -20 ℃, 4 ℃, and room temperature for 1 month decreased by approximately 1 order of magnitude, and that for 2 months decreased by approximately 2 orders of magnitude. After being stored for 1 month and 2 months, there were no statistically significant differences in titer of phage among 3 storage conditions (with F values respectively 1.29 and 1.07, P values above 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study has successfully built an inventory covering 229 strains of phages of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii. MLST of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii varies in different area and different time. Phage can be well isolated using sewage with the same source as that of strain. The lysis ability of phage is closely related to the MLST of strains. Inventory of phages should be built according to regional division. Moreover, phage cultured with LB fluid medium shows good stability without special requirements for storage conditions.

Observation of Double Impurity Critical Gradients for Electromagnetic Turbulence Excitation in Tokamak Plasmas

The impact of impurity ions on a pedestal has been investigated in the HL-2A Tokamak, at the Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China. Experimental results have clearly shown that during the H-mode phase, an electromagnetic turbulence was excited in the edge plasma region, where the impurity ions exhibited a peaked profile. It has been found that double impurity critical gradients are responsible for triggering the turbulence. Strong stiffness of the impurity profile has been observed during cyclic transitions between the I-phase and H-mode regime. The results suggest that the underlying physics of the self-regulated edge impurity profile offers the possibility for an active control of the pedestal dynamics via pedestal turbulence.

[Clinical application of iodine solution staining in the diagnosis of early laryngeal cancer with electronic endoscope]

Objective:To discuss the feasibility and clinical application value of the laryngeal iodine staining under the electronic fiber laryngoscope.Method:Will meet the inclusion criteria of 90 patients, randomly divided into three groups, set to a, b, c group.a ,all patients in the a group were examined by electronic fiber mirror, NBI mode and 0.5% Lugol liquid iodine staining method in three ways. b, all patients in the b group were examined by electronic fiber mirror, NBI mode and 1.0% Lugol liquid iodine staining method in three ways. c,all patients in the c group were examined by electronic fiber mirror, NBI mode and 1.5% Lugol liquid iodine staining method in three ways. The location and range of positive lesions were recorded in each person of the three groups, positive lesions were biopsy, if the positive lesion is repeated, the site can only take a biopsy. As a diagnostic gold standard, the results of the other tests were compared with the results of other tests. And to observe the color of iodine in the throat, all patients were followed up for 24 hours in the presence of dyspnea, severe pain in the throat and other symptoms, and 24 hours after the examination again electronic fiber optic examination. Biopsy was performed in all patients, as gold standard. Using chi square test, inspection standardP <0.05.Result:As the solution of the iodine concentration increased, the rate of the laryngeal was cancer gradually increased. Ninety people take part in the experiment, no one has serious complications. All the patients have no significant inflammation on the mucous membrane of the throat and the subglottic airway afer 24 hours, by the electronic fiber laryngoscope. 1% and the following concentration of Lugol solution for iodine staining, sensitivity to the diagnosis of early laryngeal cancer was higher than that of electronic fiber,the two methods were compared, and the statistical analysis was performed(P >0.05). No statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis of early laryngeal cancer. Contrast between iodine stain with 1.5% Lugol solution and electronic fiber sus pension, after statistical calculation(P <0.05);both are statistically significant, and the difference is significant.Comparison of iodine stain with 1.5% Lugol solution and NBI examination, make statistical analysis,P >0.05, there was no significant difference between the both.Conclusion:The 1.5% and below the concentration of the iodine staining under the electronic fiber laryngoscope can be safely applied to inspect the throat, and 1.5% Lugol iodine solution in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer in the early stage of laryngeal cancer is better than using electronic, and has a certain value in clinical application.

Note: Upgrade of electron cyclotron emission imaging system and preliminary results on HL-2A tokamak

The electron cyclotron emission imaging system on the HL-2A tokamak has been upgraded to 24 (poloidally) × 16 (radially) channels based on the previous 24 × 8 array. The measurement region can be flexibly shifted due to the independence of the two local oscillator sources, and the field of view can be adjusted easily by changing the position of the zoom lenses. The temporal resolution is about 2.5 μs and the achievable spatial resolution is 1 cm. After laboratory calibration, it was installed on HL-2A tokamak in 2014, and the local 2D mode structures of MHD activities were obtained for the first time.

Evidence of b-jet quenching in PbPb collisions at √(s(NN))=2.76 TeV

The production of jets associated to bottom quarks is measured for the first time in PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. Jet spectra are reported in the transverse momentum (p(T)) range of 80-250  GeV/c, and within pseudorapidity |η|<2. The nuclear modification factor (R(AA)) calculated from these spectra shows a strong suppression in the b-jet yield in PbPb collisions relative to the yield observed in pp collisions at the same energy. The suppression persists to the largest values of p(T) studied, and is centrality dependent. The R(AA) is about 0.4 in the most central events, similar to previous observations for inclusive jets. This implies that jet quenching does not have a strong dependence on parton mass and flavor in the jet p(T) range studied.

Transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus from father to child: a report of limited person-to-person transmission, Guangzhou, China, January 2014

We investigated a possible person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of two confirmed influenza A(H7N9) patients in Guangzhou, China. The index case, a man in his late twenties, worked in a wet market that was confirmed to be contaminated by the influenza A(H7N9) virus. He developed a consistent fever and severe pneumonia after 4 January 2014. In contrast, the second case, his five-year-old child, who only developed a mild disease 10 days after disease onset of the index case, did not have any contact with poultry and birds but had unprotected and very close contact with the index case. The sequences of the haemagglutinin (HA) genes of the virus stains isolated from the two cases were 100% identical. These findings strongly suggest that the second case might have acquired the infection via transmission of the virus from the sick father. Fortunately, all 40 close contacts, including the other four family members who also had unprotected and very close contact with the cases, did not acquire influenza A(H7N9) virus infection, indicating that the person-to-person transmissibility of the virus remained limited. Our finding underlines the importance of carefully, thoroughly and punctually following-up close contacts of influenza A(H7N9) cases to allow detection of any secondary cases, as these may constitute an early warning signal of the virus's increasing ability to transmit from person-to-person.

Observation of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV

The first observation of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson is presented. The analysis is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.2 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Events with two leptons and a jet originating from a b quark are selected. A multivariate analysis based on kinematic and topological properties is used to separate the signal from the dominant tt background. An excess consistent with the signal hypothesis is observed, with a significance which corresponds to 6.1 standard deviations above a background-only hypothesis. The measured production cross section is 23.4 ± 5.4 pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction.

Measurement of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV

A measurement of total and fiducial inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV is presented. Electron and muon final states are analyzed in a data sample collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.2 ± 0.5 pb(-1). The measured total inclusive cross sections times branching fractions are σ(pp → WX)×B(W → ℓν) = 12.21 ± 0.03(stat) ± 0.24(syst) ± 0.32(lum) nb and σ(pp → ZX) × B(Z → ℓ+ℓ-) = 1.15 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.02(syst) ± 0.03(lum) nb for the dilepton mass in the range of 60-120 GeV. The measured values agree with next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD cross section calculations. Ratios of cross sections are reported with a precision of 2%. This is the first measurement of inclusive W and Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV.

Measurements of tt spin correlations and top-quark polarization using dilepton final states in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV

Spin correlations and polarization in the top quark-antiquark system are measured using dilepton final states produced in pp collisions at the LHC at sqrt[s]=7  TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0  fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector. The measurements are performed using events with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), a significant imbalance in transverse momentum, and two or more jets, where at least one of the jets is identified as originating from a b quark. The spin correlations and polarization are measured through asymmetries in angular distributions of the two selected leptons, unfolded to the parton level. All measurements are found to be in agreement with predictions of the standard model.

Search for top-quark partners with charge 5/3 in the same-sign dilepton final state

A search for the production of heavy partners of the top quark with charge 5/3 is performed in events with a pair of same-sign leptons. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb(-1) and was collected at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV by the CMS experiment. No significant excess is observed in the data above the expected background, and the existence of top-quark partners with masses below 800 GeV is excluded at a 95% confidence level, assuming they decay exclusively to tW. This is the first limit on these particles from the LHC, and it is significantly more restrictive than previous limits.

Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top-quark decays t → Zq in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV

A search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top-quark decays t → Zq is performed in events produced from the decay chain tt → Zq+Wb, where both vector bosons decay leptonically, producing a final state with three leptons (electrons or muons). A data set collected with the CMS detector at the LHC is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. No excess is seen in the observed number of events relative to the standard model prediction; thus, no evidence for flavor-changing neutral currents in top-quark decays is found. A combination with a previous search at 7 TeV excludes a t → Zq branching fraction greater than 0.05% at the 95% confidence level.

Search for top squark and Higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top quark (the top squark) and the Higgs boson (Higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7  fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at s=8  TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the top squark mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the Higgsino mass.