[Smoking, related cancers, and other diseases in shanghai: a 10-year prospective study]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the relationship between smoking and related diseases among residents of Shanghai.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study on current smoking status among 213,800 residents aged 20 yr and over in Shanghai urban, suburb and rural areas was carried out during the early 1980s. The residents in the urban area were followed up for 12 years (1983 - 1994) and those in suburb and rural areas for 11 years (1984 - 1994). A Poisson regression model was used to estimate relative risks RRs of certain diseases for smoking adjusted for age with their 95% confidence intervals by sex and area among persons aged 40 yr and over at the beginning of the study.

RESULTS

In the urban area, the RRs of death for smoking were 1.48 and 1.62 in males and females, respectively and for cancer death were 2.20 and 2.00. Statistically significant elevated RRs were seen for cancers of the lung and liver in both males and females and for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, pancreas and bladder only in males. Significantly higher RRs were also observed for cerebrovascular disease, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and pulmonary heart disease. RRs lower than in the urban area were found in the suburb and rural areas. The population attributable risks (%, PAR) for death due to smoking for males were estimated by area. PARs for death were 20.9, 18.9 and 16.3 in urban, suburb and rural areas, respectively. For all cancers, PARs were 40.0, 34.5 and 34.2 and for lung cancer were 71.7, 59.2 and 64.7.

CONCLUSION

Smoking was associated with the mortality of some common cancers, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, pulmonary heart, and cerebrovascular diseases.

[A study on the binding of cyclodextrins with terbutaline enantiomers by chiral capilary zone electrophoresis]

The recognition mechanism of enantioselectivity in cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis (CD-CZE) on a racemic basic drug terbutaline was discussed. The equilibrium constants of host-guest complexation of terbutaline enantiomers with alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, 2,6-dimethyl-beta-cycoldextrin, 2,3,6-trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxy-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and the thermodynamic parameters for chiral recognition procedure were determined respectively. It was found that the matching properties between cavity of cyclodextrins and enantiomers were interrelated with the equilibrium constants of binding complexes and selectivities(a) calculated from the ratio of binding constants of two enantiomers were in the same order of maximum electrophoretic mobility difference between two enantiomers responding with cyclodextrin additive. The experimental value of optimal concentration of cyclodextrin agreed with that calculated from the equation Copt = 1/(K1K2)1/2. From the thermodynamic parameter determination it was shown that the hydrogen-bonding interactions between terbutaline enantiomers and 2-hydroxy-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin should be positive factors.