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Puri T, Moore AE, Mahajan A, McWilliam A, Vrist MH, Blake GM. Editorial: Quantitative [ 18F]NaF PET in metastatic and metabolic bone diseases. FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1343913. [PMID: 39355043 PMCID: PMC11440861 DOI: 10.3389/fnume.2023.1343913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
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Cruz-Cortes Á, Avendaño-Estrada A, Alcauter S, Núñez-Enríquez JC, Rivera-Bravo B, Olarte-Casas MÁ, Ávila-Rodríguez MÁ. Semiquantitative analysis of cerebral [ 18F]FDG-PET uptake in pediatric patients. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:2574-2585. [PMID: 37910188 PMCID: PMC10698097 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic metabolism in the brain of pediatric patients, imaged with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is incompletely characterized. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to characterize [18F]FDG-PET brain uptake in a large sample of pediatric patients with non-central nervous system diseases as an alternative to healthy subjects to evaluate changes at different pediatric ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred ninety-five [18F]FDG-PET examinations from children < 18 years of age without central nervous system diseases were included. Each brain image was spatially normalized, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) was obtained. The SUV and the SUV relative to different pseudo-references were explored as a function of age. RESULTS At all evaluated ages, the occipital lobe showed the highest [18F]FDG uptake (0.27 ± 0.04 SUV/year), while the parietal lobe and brainstem had the lowest uptake (0.17 ± 0.02 SUV/year, for both regions). An increase [18F]FDG uptake was found for all brain regions until 12 years old, while no significant uptake differences were found between ages 13 (SUV = 5.39) to 17 years old (SUV = 5.52) (P < 0.0001 for the whole brain). A sex dependence was found in the SUVmean for the whole brain during adolescence (SUV 5.04-5.25 for males, 5.68-5.74 for females, P = 0.0264). Asymmetries in [18F]FDG uptake were found in the temporal and central regions during infancy. CONCLUSIONS Brain glycolytic metabolism of [18F]FDG, measured through the SUVmean, increased with age until early adolescence (< 13 years old), showing differences across brain regions. Age, sex, and brain region influence [18F]FDG uptake, with significant hemispheric asymmetries for temporal and central regions.
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Cox MC, Jurcka T, Arens AIJ, van Rijk MC, Kaanders JHAM, van den Bosch S. Quantitative and clinical implications of the EARL2 versus EARL1 [ 18F]FDG PET-CT performance standards in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:91. [PMID: 37878160 PMCID: PMC10600079 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EANM Research Ltd. (EARL) guidelines give recommendations for harmonization of [18F]FDG PET-CT image acquisition and reconstruction, aiming to ensure reproducibility of quantitative data between PET scanners. Recent technological advancements in PET-CT imaging resulted in an updated version of the EARL guidelines (EARL2). The aim of this study is to compare quantitative [18F]FDG uptake metrics of the primary tumor and lymph nodes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) on EARL2 versus EARL1 reconstructed images and to describe clinical implications for nodal staging and treatment. METHODS Forty-nine consecutive patients with HNSCC were included. For all, both EARL1 and EARL2 images were reconstructed from a singular [18F]FDG PET-CT scan. Primary tumors and non-necrotic lymph nodes ≥ 5 mm were delineated on CT-scan. In the quantitative analysis, maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and standardized uptake ratios (SURmax, i.e., SUVmax normalized to cervical spinal cord uptake) were calculated for all lesions on EARL1 and EARL2 reconstructions. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis were compared between EARL1 and EARL2 using different segmentation methods (adaptive threshold; SUV2.5/3.5/4.5; SUR2.5/3.5/4.5; MAX40%/50%). In the qualitative analysis, each lymph node was scored independently by two nuclear medicine physicians on both EARL1 and EARL2 images on different occasions using a 4-point scale. RESULTS There was a significant increase in SUVmax (16.5%) and SURmax (9.6%) of primary tumor and lymph nodes on EARL2 versus EARL1 imaging (p < 0.001). The proportional difference of both SUVmax and SURmax between EARL2 and EARL1 decreased with increasing tumor volume (p < 0.001). Absolute differences in MTVs between both reconstructions were small (< 1.0 cm3), independent of the segmentation method. MTVs decreased on EARL2 using relative threshold methods (adaptive threshold; MAX40%/50%) and increased using static SUV or SUR thresholds. With visual scoring of lymph nodes 38% (11/29) of nodes with score 2 on EARL1 were upstaged to score 3 on EARL2, which resulted in an alteration of nodal stage in 18% (6/33) of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Using the EARL2 method for PET image reconstruction resulted in higher SUVmax and SURmax compared to EARL1, with nodal upstaging in a significant number of patients.
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Sachpekidis C, Stein-Thoeringer CK, Kopp-Schneider A, Weru V, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Hassel JC. Can physiologic colonic [ 18F]FDG uptake in PET/CT imaging predict response to immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3709-3722. [PMID: 37452874 PMCID: PMC10547632 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The development of biomarkers that can reliably and early predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is crucial in melanoma. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important regulator of immunotherapy response, which may, moreover, serve as a surrogate marker and prognosticator in oncological patients under immunotherapy. Aim of the present study is to investigate if physiologic colonic [18F]FDG uptake in PET/CT before start of ICIs correlates with clinical outcome of metastatic melanoma patients. The relation between [18F]FDG uptake in lymphoid cell-rich organs and long-term patient outcome is also assessed. METHODOLOGY One hundred nineteen stage IV melanoma patients scheduled for immunotherapy with ipilimumab, applied either as monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab, underwent baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT. PET/CT data analysis consisted of standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) calculations in the colon as well as measurements of the colon-to-liver SUV ratios (CLRmean, CLRmax). Visual grading of colon uptake based on a four-point scale was also performed. Moreover, the spleen-to-liver SUV ratios (SLRmean, SLRmax) and the bone marrow-to-liver SUV ratios (BLRmean, BLRmax) were calculated. We also measured serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels as a marker for bacterial translocation and surrogate for mucosal defense homeostasis. The results were correlated with patients' best clinical response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) as well as clinical signs of colitis. RESULTS Median follow-up [95%CI] from the beginning of immunotherapy was 64.6 months [61.0-68.6 months]. Best response to treatment was progressive disease (PD) for 60 patients, stable disease (SD) for 37 patients, partial response (PR) for 18 patients, and complete response (CR) for 4 patients. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a trend for longer PFS and OS in patients with lower colonic SUV and CLR values; however, no statistical significance for these parameters as prognostic factors was demonstrated. On the other hand, patients showing disease control as best response to treatment (SD, PR, CR) had significantly lower colonic MTV and TLG than those showing PD. With regard to lymphoid cell-rich organs, significantly lower baseline SLRmax and BLRmax were observed in patients responding with disease control than progression to treatment. Furthermore, patients with lower SLRmax and BLRmax values had a significantly longer OS when dichotomized at their median. In multivariate analysis, PET parameters that were found to significantly adversely correlate with patient survival were colonic MTV for PFS, colonic TLG for PFS, and BLRmax for PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Physiologic colonic [18F]FDG uptake in PET/CT, as assessed by means of SUV, before start of ipilimumab-based treatment does not seem to independently predict patient survival of metastatic melanoma. On the other hand, volumetric PET parameters, such as MTV and TLG, derived from the normal gut may identify patients showing disease control to immunotherapy and significantly correlate with PFS. Moreover, the investigation of glucose metabolism in the spleen and the bone marrow may offer prognostic information.
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Heilinger J, Weindler J, Roth KS, Krapf P, Schomäcker K, Dietlein M, Drzezga A, Kobe C. Threshold for defining PSMA-positivity prior to 177Lu-PSMA therapy: a comparison of [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [ 18F]F-DCFPyL in metastatic prostate cancer. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:83. [PMID: 37731097 PMCID: PMC10511392 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2022, the American Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency approved [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (PLUVICTO™, Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland) for radionuclide therapy with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands in metastatic prostate cancer. Theranostics require appropriate patients to be identified by positron emission tomography (PET) prior to radionuclide therapy, usually employing [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Alternatively, several 18F-labelled PSMA-PET tracers are available and may increasingly replace 68Ga-labelled compounds, with respect to their image quality, availability and other practical advantages. However, alternative tracers may differ in uptake behaviour, and their comparability with regard to patient selection for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy has not yet been established. Here, we analysed whether tumour-to-background ratios determined by PET using the 18F-labelled PSMA-specific radiopharmaceutical [18F]F-DCFPyL were comparable to those determined by PET using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. RESULTS No differences could be observed between [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET and [18F]F-DCFPyL-PET regarding tumour-to-liver ratios or tumour-to-mediastinum ratios (e. g. tumour-to-liver ratios using maximum SUV of the tumour lesion for ultra-high definition reconstructed PET images with a median of 2.5 (0.6-9.0) on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET vs. 2,0 (0.6-11.4) on [18F]F-DCFPyL-PET). However, significant differences were observed in terms of contrast-to-noise ratios, thereby demonstrating the better image quality obtained with [18F]F-DCFPyL-PET. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that [18F]F-DCFPyl-PET and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET provide comparable tumour-to-liver and tumour-to-mediastinum ratios. Therefore, a tumour uptake of [18F]F-DCFPyL above the liver background, like using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, can be considered as equally suitable for defining PSMA-positivity by a semiquantitative assessment based on the liver background, e. g. prior to radioligand therapy with 177Lu-labelled PSMA ligands. In addition, our data suggest a tending advantage of [18F]F-DCFPyL in terms of lesion detectability.
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Shirakawa Y, Matsutomo N. Impact of list-mode reconstruction and image-space point spread function correction on PET image contrast and quantitative value using SiPM-based PET/CT system. Radiol Phys Technol 2023; 16:384-396. [PMID: 37368168 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-023-00729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of list-mode reconstruction and the image-space point spread function (iPSF) on the contrast and quantitative values of positron emission tomography (PET) images using a SiPM-PET/CT system. The evaluation is conducted on an NEMA body phantom and clinical images using a Cartesion Prime SiPM-PET/CT system. The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the phantom is set to 2, 4, 6, and 8, and all the PET image data are obtained and reconstructed using 3D-OSEM, time-of-flight, iPSF (-/ +), and a 4-mm Gaussian filter with several iterations. The evaluation criteria include % background variability (NB,10 mm), % contrast (QH,10 mm), iPSF change in QH,10 mm (ΔQH,10 mm) for edge artifact evaluation, profile curves, visual evaluation of edge artifacts, clinical imaging for the standardized uptake value (SUV) of lung nodules, and SNRliver. NB,10 mm demonstrates no significant difference in all SBRs with and without iPSF, whereas QH,10 mm is higher based on the SBR with and without iPSF. ΔQH,10 mm indicates increased iterations and a larger rate of change (> 5%) for small spheres of < 17 mm. The profile curves portrayed almost real concentrations, except for the 10-mm sphere of SBR2 without iPSF; however, with iPSF, an overshoot was observed in the 13-mm sphere of all SBRs. The degree of overshoot increased with increasing iteration and SBR. Edge artifacts were detected at values ≥ 17-22 mm in SBRs other than SBR2 with iPSF. Irrespective of the nodal size, SUV and SNRliver improved considerably after iPSF adjustment. Therefore, the effects of list-mode reconstruction and iPSF on PET image contrast were limited, and the overcorrection of the quantitative values was validated using iPSF.
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Oliver A, Wulster K, Stefanovski D, Spriet M, Ciamillo S, Ford M, Kulp J, van Eps A. Effect of ambulation following 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose injection on standing positron emission tomography of the healthy equine digit. Am J Vet Res 2023; 84:ajvr.23.04.0077. [PMID: 37481253 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.04.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measure 18F-FDG uptake in digital tissues of healthy horses subjected to different ambulatory conditions between the time of injection and positron emission tomography (PET) scan acquisition. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult horses. METHODS Horses were walked (AMB) or tied in stalls (NONAMB) immediately after injection with ∼1.5 MBq/kg 18F-FDG until scan acquisition using a randomized crossover design. Steps were quantified using accelerometers. Standardized uptake values (SUV; mean and maximum) in digital tissues including the dorsal lamellae (proximal, middle, and distal), quarter lamellae (medial and lateral), and coronary band were analyzed using a mixed-effects linear regression model. RESULTS Mean (95% CI) step count for AMB (569[484-653]) was higher than NONAMB (88[24-152]) P = <.001. The SUVmax (but not SUVmean) was increased in AMB compared with NONAMB in the proximal (2.74[2.52-2.98] vs 2.42[2.05-2.78]; P = .04) and middle (2.74[2.37-3.11] vs 2.36[2.05-2.68]; P = .03) dorsal lamellae but was not different in the distal lamellae or coronary band. In the medial quarter lamellae, both SUVmax (2.53[1.58-3.48] vs 2.07[0.81-3.33]; P = .01) and SUVmean (1.90[1.55-2.25] vs 1.49[0.91-2.06]; P = .007) were increased in AMB compared with NONAMB. The medial quarter lamellae also had lower SUVmax (P = .002) and SUVmean (P = .04) compared with the lateral quarter and lower SUVmax compared with the mid-dorsal lamellae (P = .01). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lamellar 18F-FDG uptake was affected by ambulatory activity mostly in the medial quarter; however, this effect was relatively small and unlikely to interfere with clinical detection of laminitis.
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Jain S, Dhingra V, Girdhani B. Scope of PET imaging in the evaluation of cardiac tumors. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 37:100754. [PMID: 37678012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac and pericardial masses can be categorized as neoplastic (either benign or malignant), non-neoplastic (such as thrombus or pericardial cysts), or normal variants of the cardiac structure. Diagnosing these masses can be challenging, and various imaging modalities are available, with each of them having advantages and pitfalls. Echocardiography is typically the first test used for the evaluation and detection of cardiac masses, as it is widely accessible, portable, and provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function and valves without the use of ionizing radiation. However, it may not be helpful in some cases, such as evaluating the extracardiac extension of the mass or characterizing tissue. On the other hand, cross-sectional imaging can provide a three-dimensional data set with excellent spatial resolution. Still, it requires ionizing radiation and intravenous iodinated contrast, and its functional evaluation of the heart may be relatively limited. 18F-FDG PET/CT helps determine 18F-FDG PET/CT is a crucial molecular imaging modality to assess and differentiate benign and malignant cardiac tumors noninvasively and helps in treatment planning and prognostication. Currently, studies evaluating the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in cardiac tumors are limited to case reports and single center studies.
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Wollenweber T, Rettl R, Kretschmer-Chott E, Rasul S, Kulterer OC, Kluge K, Duca F, Bonderman D, Hacker M, Traub-Weidinger T. Cardiac DPD-uptake time dependency in ATTR patients verified by quantitative SPECT/CT and semiquantitative planar parameters. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1363-1371. [PMID: 36513919 PMCID: PMC10371940 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone scintigraphy plays an important role in the diagnosis of cardiac Transthyretin-Related Amyloidosis (ATTR). The mechanism of myocardial tracer accumulation and its dependence over time are not fully understood. Recently, a scintigraphic quantification of the cardiac amyloid deposition has been discussed. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the right time of quantitative imaging. METHODS The geometrical mean of decay corrected total counts over the heart and the heart/whole-body ratio (H/WB) were evaluated in 23 patients undergoing DPD-bone scan with planar whole-body images 1 and 3 hours post injection (p.i.). Myocardial standard uptake values (SUV)peak were assessed in another 15 patients with quantitative SPECT/CT imaging 1 hours and 3 hours p.i.. RESULTS Total counts over the heart (1 hours p.i.: 81,676 cts, range 69,887 to 93,091 cts and 3 hours p.i.: 64,819 cts, range 52,048 to 86,123 cts, P = .0005) and H/WB ratio (1 hours p.i.:0.076 ± 0.020 and 3 hours p.i. 0.070 ± 0.022; P = .0003) were significantly increased 1 hours p.i.. Furthermore median myocardial SUVpeak (1 hours p.i.:12.2, range 9.6 to 18.9 and 3 hours p.i.: 9.6, range 8.2 to 15.0, P = 0.0012) was also significantly higher after 1 hours p.i. compared to 3 hours p.i.. CONCLUSION Cardiac DPD activity and myocardial SUVpeak are time-dependent, which should be considered when using quantitative bone scintigraphy in ATTR patients.
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Weber M, Telli T, Kersting D, Seifert R. Prognostic Implications of PET-Derived Tumor Volume and Uptake in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3581. [PMID: 37509242 PMCID: PMC10377105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, molecular imaging of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) was performed using SSTR scintigraphy (SRS). Sustained advances in medical imaging have led to its gradual replacement with SSTR positron-emission tomography (SSTR-PET). The higher sensitivity in comparison to SRS on the one hand and conventional cross-sectional imaging, on the other hand, enables more accurate staging and allows for image quantification. In addition, in recent years, a growing body of evidence has assessed the prognostic implications of SSTR-PET-derived prognostic biomarkers for NET patients, with the aim of risk stratification, outcome prognostication, and prediction of response to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. In this narrative review, we give an overview of studies examining the prognostic value of advanced SSTR-PET-derived (semi-)quantitative metrics like tumor volume, uptake, and composite metrics. Complementing this analysis, a discussion of the current trends, clinical implications, and future directions is provided.
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Kim SH, Chang SJC, Dobri G, Strauss S, Lin E, Zavaletta V, Pannullo SC, Osborne JR, Schwartz TH, Knisely JPS, Ivanidze J. [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MR-based evaluation of physiologic somatostatin receptor 2 expression in the adult pituitary gland as a function of age and sex in a prospective cohort. Pituitary 2023:10.1007/s11102-023-01329-0. [PMID: 37285059 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-023-01329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pituitary gland has the fourth highest physiologic avidity of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE. In order to guide our understanding of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET in clinical contexts, accurate characterization of the normal pituitary gland is first required. This study aimed to characterize the normal pituitary gland using dedicated brain [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI as a function of age and sex. METHODS A total of 95 patients with a normal pituitary gland underwent brain [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET examinations for the purpose of diagnosing CNS SSTR2 positive tumors (mean age: 58.9, 73% female). Maximum SUV of the pituitary gland was obtained in each patient. SUV of superior sagittal sinus was obtained to calculate normalized SUV score (SUVR) of the gland. The anatomic size of the gland was collected as maximum sagittal height (MSH). Correlations with age and sex were analyzed. RESULTS The mean SUV and SUVR of the pituitary gland were 17.6 (range: 7-59.5, SD = 7.1) and 13.8 (range: 3.3-52.6, SD = 7.2), respectively. Older females had significantly higher SUV of the pituitary gland compared to younger females. When stratified by age and sex, both older and younger females had significantly higher pituitary SUV than older males. SUVR did not differ significantly by age or sex. MSH of the pituitary gland in younger females was significantly greater than in younger males at all age cutoffs. CONCLUSION This study provides an empiric profiling of the physiological [68 Ga]-DOTATATE avidity of the pituitary gland. The findings suggest that SUV may vary by age and sex and can help guide the use of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI in clinical and research settings. Future studies can build on these findings to investigate further the relationship between pituitary biology and demographic factors.
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Bhoil A. Lesion Analysis in PERCIST 1.0: Clinical Ease versus Research Requisite-Where Does the Balance Exist? World J Nucl Med 2023; 22:100-107. [PMID: 37223629 PMCID: PMC10202569 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Semiqualitative parameter SUVmax has been the most frequently used semiquantitative positron emission tomography (PET) parameter for response evaluation, but only metabolic activity of a single (most metabolic) lesion is predicted. Newer response parameters such as tumor lesion glycolysis (TLG) incorporating lesions' metabolic volume or whole-body metabolic tumor burden (MTBwb) are being explored for response evaluation. Evaluation and comparison of response with different semiquantitative PET parameters such as SUVmax and TLG in most metabolic lesion, multiple lesions (max of five), and MTBwb in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were made. The different PET parameters were analyzed for response evaluation, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods 18 F-FDG-PET/CT (18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) imaging was performed in 23 patients (M = 14, F = 9, mean age = 57.6 years) with stage IIIB-IV advanced NSCLC before initiation of therapy with oral estimated glomerular filtration rate-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for early and late response evaluation. The quantitative PET parameters such as SUVmax and TLG were measured in single (most metabolic) lesion, multiple lesions, and MTBwb. The parameters SUVmax, TLG, and MTBwb were compared for early and late response evaluation and analyzed for OS and PFS Results No significant difference in change in response evaluation was seen in patients evaluated with most metabolic lesion, multiple lesions, or MTBwb. Difference in early (DC 22, NDC 1) and late (DC 20, NDC 3) response evaluation was seen that remained unchanged when lesions were measured in terms of number of lesions or the MTBwb. The early imaging was seen to be statistically significant to the OS compared with late imaging. Conclusions Single (most metabolic) lesion shows similar disease response and OS to multiple lesions and MTBwb. Response evaluation by late imaging offered no significant advantage compared with early imaging. Thus, early response evaluation with SUVmax parameter offers a good balance between clinical ease and research requisition.
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Cowzer D, Keane F, Ku GY. Clinical Utility of 18F-2-Fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose PET Imaging in Locally Advanced Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1884. [PMID: 37296735 PMCID: PMC10252409 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma, including adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, is uncommon in the United States, but is associated with a rising incidence in young adults, and has a traditionally poor prognosis. Despite the incremental benefits that have been made with multimodality approaches to locally advanced disease, most patients will go on to develop metastatic disease, and long-term outcomes remain suboptimal. Over the last decade, PET-CT has emerged as a key tool in the management of this disease, with several prospective and retrospective studies evaluating its role in this disease. Herein, we review the key data pertaining to the use of PET-CT in the management of locally advanced esophageal and GEJ adenocarcinoma, with a focus on staging, prognostication, PET-CT adapted therapy in the neoadjuvant setting, and surveillance.
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Iori M, Grassi E, Piergallini L, Meglioli G, Botti A, Sceni G, Cucurachi N, Verzellesi L, Finocchiaro D, Versari A, Fraboni B, Fioroni F. Safety injections of nuclear medicine radiotracers: towards a new modality for a real-time detection of extravasation events and 18F-FDG SUV data correction. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:31. [PMID: 37221434 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging allows to study oncological patients and their relative diagnosis through the standardised uptake value (SUV) evaluation. During radiopharmaceutical injection, an extravasation event may occur, making the SUV value less accurate and possibly leading to severe tissue damage. The study aimed to propose a new technique to monitor and manage these events, to provide an early evaluation and correction to the estimated SUV value through a SUV correction coefficient. METHODS A cohort of 70 patients undergoing 18F- FDG PET/CT examinations was enrolled. Two portable detectors were secured on the patients' arms. The dose-rate (DR) time curves on the injected DRin and contralateral DRcon arm were acquired during the first 10 min of injection. Such data were processed to calculate the parameters ΔpinNOR = (DRinmax- DRinmean)/DRinmax and ΔRt = (DRin(t) - DRcon(t)), where DRinmax is the maximum DR value, DRinmean is the average DR value in the injected arm. OLINDA software allowed dosimetric estimation of the dose in the extravasation region. The estimated residual activity in the extravasation site allowed the evaluation of the SUV's correction value and to define an SUV correction coefficient. RESULTS Four cases of extravasations were identified for which ΔRt [(390 ± 26) µSv/h], while ΔRt [(150 ± 22) µSv/h] for abnormal and ΔRt [(24 ± 11) µSv/h] for normal cases. The ΔpinNOR showed an average value of (0.44 ± 0.05) for extravasation cases and an average value of (0.91 ± 0.06) and (0.77 ± 0.23) in normal and abnormal classes, respectively. The percentage of SUV reduction (SUV%CR) ranges between 0.3% and 6%. The calculated self-tissue dose values range from 0.027 to 0.573 Gy, according to the segmentation modality. A similar correlation between the inverse of ΔpinNOR and the normalised ΔRt with the SUV correction coefficient was found. CONCLUSIONS The proposed metrics allowed to characterised the extravasation events in the first few minutes after the injection, providing an early SUV correction when necessary. We also assume that the characterisation of the DR-time curve of the injection arm is sufficient for the detection of extravasation events. Further validation of these hypotheses and key metrics is recommended in larger cohorts.
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Jahn U, Garske-Román U, Sandström M, Lubberink M, Sundin A. Impact of administered amount of peptide on tumor dosimetry at the first cycle of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in relation to total tumor somatostatin receptor expression. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37204528 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of 177Lu-DOTATATE might be influenced by the amount of administered peptide in relation to the tumor somatostatin receptor expression. The effect of the administered peptide mass on the resulting absorbed dose in tumors and normal organs has not previously been assessed in relation to the patients' tumor load. METHOD Patients with small intestinal (n = 141) and pancreatic (n = 62) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) who underwent PRRT were selected for retrospective evaluation. All patients had received 7.4 GBq 177Lu-DOTATATE, and the amount of administered peptide in the preparation varied from 93 to 456 µg. The absorbed dose in tumors and normal tissue at the first PRRT cycle was calculated, based on SPECT-measurements at day 1, 4, and 7 post-infusion. The total tumor somatostatin receptor expression (tTSSTRE) was calculated on SPECT after 24 h by multiplying the functional tumor volume, delineated by 42% cut-off VOIs of the highest activity, with the SUVmean for the respective tumor VOIs. Spearman's rank correlation analyzed any relationship between the administered amount of peptide and the absorbed dose in tumors and normal organs, in relation to the patients' tTSSTRE. RESULTS There was no correlation between the amount of peptide and any of the tested parameters in relation to tTSSTRE. CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis, no correlation between the amount of administered peptide in the 177Lu-DOTATATE preparation and the absorbed radiation doses in tumors and normal tissues was demonstrated in relation to the total tumor SSTR expression.
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Zorz A, D'Alessio A, Guida F, Ramadan RM, Richetta E, Cuppari L, Pellerito R, Sacchetti GM, Brambilla M, Paiusco M, Stasi M, Matheoud R. Impact of patient's habitus on image quality and quantitative metrics in 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Phys Med 2023; 109:102584. [PMID: 37060633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study how the quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET imaging change with the emission scan duration (ESD) and the body-mass-index (BMI) in phantom and patients on a time-of-flight (TOF)-PET/CT system. METHODS The image-quality phantom with (b-NEMA-IQ, BMI = 29.2 kg/m2) and without (NEMA-IEC, BMI = 21.4 kg/m2) a 'belt' of water-bags was filled with 18F-FDG activities to obtain nominal standardized uptake values (SUV) of 19, 8 and 5. Patients with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 (L-BMI) and BMI > 25 kg/m2 (H-BMI) were enrolled in this study. Phantom and patients underwent list-mode PET acquisition at 120 s/bed-position. Images reconstructed with clinical protocol and different ESD (120, 90, 75, 60, 45, 30 s) were analysed for comparison of maximum SUV (SUVmax), maximum standardized uptake value lean-body-mass corrected (SULmax) and noise. RESULTS 79 oncologic patients (45 L-BMI, 44 H-BMI) were analysed. From 90 s to 30 s, an increasing variation of SUVmax and SULmax with respect to the reference 120 s time was observed, from 18% to 60% and from 16% to 37% for phantom and patients, respectively. SUVmax values were significantly higher (+50%) in b-NEMA-IQ than NEMA-IQ phantom and in H-BMI (+33%) than L-BMI patients. No significant difference was found in SULmax for the two BMI categories in both phantom and patients. CV values decreased when increasing ESD, being higher in H-BMI patients (0.13-0.25) and b-NEMA-IQ phantom (0.15-0.28) than in L-BMI patients (0.11-0.21) and NEMA-IQ phantom (0.11-0.20). CONCLUSIONS Reduction of ESD may severely impact on the variations of SUVmax and SULmax in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. This study confirms recommendations of using SUL for lesion uptake quantification, being unaffected by BMI variation.
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Liao X, Liu M, Li S, Huang W, Guo C, Liu J, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Fan Y, Wang R. The value on SUV-derived parameters assessed on 18F-FDG PET/CT for predicting mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 37020286 PMCID: PMC10077668 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore valuable predictors for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we analyzed the potential roles of standardized uptake value (SUV)-derived parameters from preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with clinical characteristics. METHODS Data from 224 NSCLC patients who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in our hospital were collected. Then, a series of clinical parameters including SUV-derived features [SUVmax of mediastinal lymph node and primary-tumor SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)] were evaluated. The best possible cutoff points for all measuring parameters were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Predictive analyses were performed using a Logistic regression model to determine the predictive factors for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC and lung adenocarcinoma patients. After multivariate model construction, data of another 100 NSCLC patients were recorded. Then, 224 patients and 100 patients were enrolled to validate the predictive model by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS The mediastinal lymph node metastasis rates in 224 patients for model construction and 100 patients for model validation were 24.1% (54/224) and 25% (25/100), respectively. It was found that SUVmax of mediastinal lymph node ≥ 2.49, primary-tumor SUVmax ≥ 4.11, primary-tumor SUVpeak ≥ 2.92, primary-tumor SUVmean ≥ 2.39, primary-tumor MTV ≥ 30.88 cm3, and primary-tumor TLG ≥ 83.53 were more prone to mediastinal lymph node metastasis through univariate logistic regression analyses. The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the SUVmax of mediastinal lymph nodes (≥ 2.49: OR 7.215, 95% CI 3.326-15.649), primary-tumor SUVpeak (≥ 2.92: OR 5.717, 95% CI 2.094-15.605), CEA (≥ 3.94 ng/ml: OR 2.467, 95% CI 1.182-5.149), and SCC (< 1.15 ng/ml: OR 4.795, 95% CI 2.019-11.388) were independent predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in the mediastinum. It was found that SUVmax of the mediastinal lymph node (≥ 2.49: OR 8.067, 95% CI 3.193-20.383), primary-tumor SUVpeak (≥ 2.92: OR 9.219, 95% CI 3.096-27.452), and CA19-9 (≥ 16.6 U/ml: OR 3.750, 95% CI 1.485-9.470) were significant predictive factors for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma patients. The AUCs for the predictive value of the NSCLC multivariate model through internal and external validation were 0.833 (95% CI 0.769- 0.896) and 0.811 (95% CI 0.712-0.911), respectively. CONCLUSION High SUV-derived parameters (SUVmax of mediastinal lymph node and primary-tumor SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean, MTV and TLG) might provide varying degrees of predictive value for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients. In particular, the SUVmax of mediastinal lymph nodes and primary-tumor SUVpeak could be independently and significantly associated with mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC and lung adenocarcinoma patients. Internal and external validation confirmed that the pretherapeutic SUVmax of the mediastinal lymph node and primary-tumor SUVpeak combined with serum CEA and SCC can effectively predict mediastinal lymph node metastasis of NSCLC patients.
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Jacquet-Francillon N, Prevot N. Brown tumors in nuclear medicine: a systematic review. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:255-270. [PMID: 36933117 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-023-01832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Brown tumors (BT) are abnormal bone-repair processes and a consequence of hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis of these lytic lesions in nuclear medicine, while a challenge, is not so rare, because functional imaging is used both in the management of cancer and hyperparathyroidism. The main objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge and the evidence concerning BT and the different imaging modalities in nuclear medicine. A systematic review was performed in Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar from 2005 to 2022. We included articles describing BT in the following imaging modalities: [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT, [18F]-fluorocholine or [11C]-fluorocholine PET/CT, [99mTc]-Sestamibi scintigraphy, bone scan, [18F]-sodium fluoride PET/CT, [68Ga]-FAPI PET/CT; [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/CT; [11C]-methionine PET/CT. For each modality, appearance, avidity for radiotracer, available quantitative parameters and imaging evolution after parathyroidectomy were collected and analyzed. Fifty-two articles were included for a total of 392 BT lesions. If the diagnosis of BT is evoked on a known lesion, performing a [18F]-fluorocholine PET/CT imaging seems the most appropriate. In [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-fluorocholine, [18F]-sodium fluoride PET/CT and bone scan, BT can mimic metastatic disease. BT uptakes appear reversible after parathyroidectomy, with a more or less rapid decrease depending on the imaging modality used.
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Criterios PERCIST, Hopkins y parámetros metabólicos de la PET/TC como factores pronósticos en el cáncer escamoso de cabeza y cuello. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2023; 42:163-170. [PMID: 36858187 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the clinical utility of PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and changes in [18F]FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters as prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by chemoradiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients (34 men) diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively assessed over an interval of 8 years. PERCIST and Hopkins criteria were used to assess response to treatment. Variations in the metabolic parameters maximum SUV (ΔSUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (ΔMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) between pre- and post-treatment PET/CT studies were also determined. The Cox regression model, ROC curves and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for the analysis of prognostic factors and survival curves. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 39.4 months, with 24 progressions and 22 deaths. Both PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and the three metabolic parameters were predictive factors in the univariate analysis and only ΔSUVmax was in the multivariate analysis. Survival analysis showed statistically significant differences in PFS and CSS curves for the five parameters considered. CONCLUSION Application of PERCIST and Hopkins criteria as well as ΔSUVmax, ΔMTV and ΔTLG from PET/CT studies proved to be prognostic factors for survival in patients in our setting for treating head and neck cancer. The results may help to personalize treatment.
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Wongsa P, Nantasuk M, Singhnoi S, Pawano P, Jantarato A, Siripongsatian D, Lerdsirisuk P, Phonlakrai M. Assessing the variability and correlation between SUV and ADC parameters of head and neck cancers derived from simultaneous PET/MRI: A single-center study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e13928. [PMID: 36763489 PMCID: PMC10161023 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intratumoral heterogeneity is associated with poor outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients owing to chemoradiotherapy resistance. [18 F]-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) / Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides spatial information about tumor mass, allowing intratumor heterogeneity assessment through histogram analysis. However, variability in quantitative PET/MRI parameter measurements could influence their reliability in assessing patient prognosis. Therefore, to use standardized uptake value (SUV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters for assessing tumor response, this study aimed to measure SUV and ADC's variability and assess their relationship in HNC. METHODS First, ADC variability was measured in an in-house diffusion phantom and in five healthy volunteers. The SUV variability was only measured with the NEMA phantom using a clinical imaging protocol. Furthermore, simultaneous PET/MRI data of 11 HNC patients were retrospectively collected from the National Cyclotron and PET center in Chulabhorn Hospital. Tumor contours were manually drawn from PET images by an experienced nuclear medicine radiologist before tumor volume segmentation. Next, SUV and ADC's histogram were used to extract statistic variables of ADC and SUV: mean, median, min, max, skewness, kurtosis, and 5th , 10th , 25th , 50th , 75th , 90th , and 95th percentiles. Finally, the correlation between the statistic variables of ADC and SUV, as well as Metabolic Tumor volume and Total Lesion Glycolysis parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS This pilot study showed that both parameters' maximum coefficient of variation was 13.9% and 9.8% in the phantom and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, we found a strong and negative correlation between SUVmax and ADVmed (r = -0.75, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The SUV and ADC obtained by simultaneous PET/MRI can be potentially used as an imaging biomarker for assessing intratumoral heterogeneity in patients with HNC. The low variability and relationship between SUV and ADC could allow multimodal prediction of tumor response in future studies.
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Yachi T, Yoshizawa T, Kimura N, Seino H, Morohashi S, Goto S, Ishido K, Kijima H, Hakamada K. 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography predicts recurrence and histological grade of extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:125. [PMID: 36844626 PMCID: PMC9950358 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors in cholangiocarcinoma are diagnosed and staged using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and clinical analysis. However, comprehensive analysis, including pathological analysis, has not yet been sufficiently performed. In the present study, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated using FDG-PET and its relationship with clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The present study included 86 patients who underwent preoperative FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) and did not receive chemotherapy among 331 patients with hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with recurrence events was used to determine the SUVmax cutoff of 4.9. Immunohistochemical staining of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Ki-67 was performed for pathological analysis. The standardized uptake value (SUV)-high group (SUVmax ≥4.9) had a higher postoperative recurrence rate (P<0.046) and higher Glut1 and Ki-67 expression rates (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, SUVmax and Glut1 expression (r=0.298; P<0.01) and SUVmax and Ki-67 expression rates (r=0.527; P<0.0001) were positively correlated. The preoperative measurement of SUVmax by PET-CT is useful in predicting recurrence as well as cancer malignancy.
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Abstract
Liposomes are spherical vesicles with a wide range of sizes from nano- to micrometer scale. For the past 7-8 decades, these vesicles have gained the interest of many scientists due to their physical, chemical, and mathematical properties and for their immense utility and potential as delivery vehicles for toxic and non-toxic excipients into biological tissues. Methods related to the selection of reagents for the creation of specific liposomes of certain properties are beyond the scope of this chapter, but here, I would outline a simplistic protocol to prepare and qualify a uniform batch of simple liposomes with basic cargo. This chapter will attempt to provide the reader with a starting point for this immensely potent tool.
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Moridera K, Kitajima K, Yoshikawa K, Takaoka K, Tsuchitani T, Noguchi K, Kishimoto H, Yamakado K. Usefulness of quantitative bone SPECT/CT for evaluating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treatment response. Jpn J Radiol 2023:10.1007/s11604-023-01389-z. [PMID: 36656541 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For assessment of therapeutic response in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) cases, the clinical usefulness of quantitative bone single-photon computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) results was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen patients (18 lesions) with a clinical diagnosis of MRONJ underwent bone SPECT/CT scanning before and during/after anti-inflammatory therapy given for 3 or more months. The GI-BONE software package was used to determine standard uptake values (SUVs), including maximum (SUVmax), peak (SUVpeak), and mean (SUVmean), and metabolic bone volume (MBV) and also total bone uptake (TBU). In both responders (downstage) and non-responders (upstage or no change), differences in quantitative values between the first and second SPECT/CT examinations were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. RESULTS Following therapy, significant reductions in SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean, MBV and TBU values for 11 lesions were noted in the responders after therapy (p = 0.003, p = 0.006, p = 0.004, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively). On the other hand, those for the seven lesions in the non-responder group were not significantly different (p = 0.17, p = 0.16, p = 0.26, p = 0.96, and p = 0.12, respectively). Results for SUVmax change showed sensitivity and specificity values of 45.5% and 85.7%, respectively, for differentiating responders from non-responders, with - 37.3% the optimal cutoff value. Those for MBV change were 72.7 and 85.7%, respectively, with - 29.4% the optimal cutoff value. Those for TBU change were 81.8% and 85.7%, respectively, with - 36.3% the optimal cutoff value. CONCLUSION The present findings showed that therapeutic response in MRONJ cases could be determined by use of quantitative SUV, MBV, and TBU values based on bone SPECT/CT findings.
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Guidetti A, Dodero A, Lorenzoni A, Pizzamiglio S, Argiroffi G, Chiappella A, Bagnoli F, Marasco V, Carniti C, Monfrini C, Seregni E, Pennisi M, Verderio P, Alessi A, Corradini P. Combination of Deauville score and quantitative positron emission tomography parameters as a predictive tool of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell efficacy. Cancer 2023; 129:255-263. [PMID: 36385707 PMCID: PMC10099560 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an effective treatment for approximately 40% of relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphomas (LBCL), and early identification of patients at risk for relapse or progression after CAR T-cell therapy represents a clinical need. METHODS The authors conducted a single-center prospective study on 47 relapsed/refractory LBCL receiving CAR T-cell therapy to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline and after infusion 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography. Qualitative and quantitative metabolic parameters were evaluated before lymphodepletion, at day 30 and 90 post-infusion. RESULTS Deep variation of standardized uptake value (SUV)mean between baseline and day 30 correlated with response at day 90 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.2); p = .04) and better progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.97); p = .04). In the overall population, 1-year PFS was 63% for Deauville score (DS)1-3 and 39% for DS4-5 patients, respectively (p = .02), however, the prognostic role of DS was lost when survivals are analyzed by considering 38 patients not progressing at 30 days. In these patients, in partial response or stable disease, the combination of DS and variation of SUVmean allowed identification of three groups with different prognosis: patients with DS1-3 and those with DS4-5 and decreased SUVmean had similar 1-year PFS of 62% and 61%, whereas patients with DS4-5 and increased SUVmean had a poorer 1-year PFS of 33% (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS PET parameters and association of DS and variation of SUVmean at 30 days could help in identify patients at high risk of CAR T-cell failure. LAY SUMMARY This is a single-center prospective study on 47 lymphoma patients receiving commercial chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline and after infusion 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Among patients in partial remission or stable disease at day 30, the authors observed two subgroups with significantly different prognosis; patients with Deauville score (DS)4-5 and a concomitant reduction of standardized uptake value (SUV)mean had higher probability of long-lasting response than those with DS4-5 and an increase of SUVmean .
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Inno A, Peri M, Turazza M, Bogina G, Modena A, Massocco A, Pezzella M, Valerio M, Mazzola R, Olivari L, Severi F, Foti G, Mazzi C, Marchetti F, Lunardi G, Salgarello M, Russo A, Gori S. The predictive and prognostic role of metabolic and volume-based parameters of positron emission tomography/computed tomography as non-invasive dynamic biological markers in early breast cancer treated with preoperative systemic therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:976823. [PMID: 36686832 PMCID: PMC9846157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in early breast cancer treated with preoperative systemic therapy (PST) is not yet established in clinical practice. PET parameters have aroused great interest in the recent years, as non-invasive dynamic biological markers for predicting response to PST. Methods In this retrospective study, we included 141 patients with stage II-III breast cancer who underwent surgery after PST. Using ROC analysis, we set optimal cutoff of FDG-PET/CT parameters predictive for pathological complete response (pCR). We investigated the correlation between FDG-PET/CT parameters and pCR, median disease-free survival (DFS), and median overall survival (mOS). Results At multivariable analysis, baseline SUVmax (high vs low: OR 9.00, CI 1.85 - 61.9, p=0.012) and Delta SUVmax (high vs low: OR 9.64, CI 1.84, 69.2, p=0.012) were significantly associated with pCR rates. Interestingly, we found that a combined analysis of the metabolic parameter Delta SUVmax with the volume-based parameter Delta MTV, may help to identify patients with pCR, especially in the subgroup of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Delta SUVmax was also an independent predictive marker for both mDFS (high vs low: HR 0.17, 95%CI 0.05-0.58, p=0.004) and mOS (high vs. low: HR 0.19, 95%CI 0.04-0.95, p=0.029). Discussion Our results suggest that Delta SUVmax may predict survival of early BC patients treated with PST.
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