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Bomback AS, Klemmer PJ. Jack London's "chronic interstitial nephritis". A historical differential diagnosis. THE PHAROS OF ALPHA OMEGA ALPHA-HONOR MEDICAL SOCIETY. ALPHA OMEGA ALPHA 2008; 71:26-30. [PMID: 18246783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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27
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Abstract
Chronic hemodialysis will likely remain the predominant renal replacement therapy for years to come and vascular access will probably continue as the Achilles heel of hemodialysis. The concept of needle puncture as part of the vascular access method is now well established. This article describes the evolution of vascular access and the AV Fistula needle technique for hemodialysis.
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Bomback AS, Klemmer PJ. Jack London's "mysterious malady". Am J Med 2007; 120:466-7. [PMID: 17466662 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Baines E. Spotlight: Luis Miguel Ruilope, MD. Circulation 2007; 115:f43-4. [PMID: 17372184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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30
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Michielsen P. In memoriam 'analgesic nephropathy' (circa 1972-2006). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22:999-1001. [PMID: 17213226 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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31
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Kinnaert P. [The enigma of the renal allografts performed in man in the early 1950s]. REVUE MEDICALE DE BRUXELLES 2006; 27:464-8. [PMID: 17144647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the early 1950s, a few renal allografts were performed without immunosuppression in man. The paper describes these attempts and tries to explain the behavior of the medical doctors who undertook these human experimentations taking into account their personality, the knowledge at that time and the absence of treatment for end stage chronic renal failure.
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Shaldon S. Alwall's often forgotten contribution to hemodialysis. Semin Dial 2006; 19:260. [PMID: 16689981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2006.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was mysterious from the very first day, and cause of wildest speculation and adventurous assertions. Over the last 100 years, medical science has investigated the physical sufferings and the mysterious death of Mozart with increasing intensity. By means of letters from his father Leopold, his sister "Nannerl", himself and reports from his physicians and contemporaries, we would like to create a medical pathography. The rumour that Mozart was poisoned appeared soon after his early death at the age of 35 on December 5th 1791, and was kept up persistently. Accused were the physician van Swieten, Mozart's freemason's loge and the royal band master Salieri. Mozart, however, died due to chronic kidney disease and ultimately due to uraemia. Once the renal damage has reached a certain point, a minimum of additional stress leads to decompensation. This catastrophe occurs typically within the fourth decade of life. When listening to Mozart's music, we should remember that this apparently happy person was actually a premature adult robbed of his childhood, whose short life was an endless chain of indisposition, over fatigue, misery, concern and illness.
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Kovesdy CP, Trivedi BK, Anderson JE. Association of kidney function with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialysis: a historical prospective cohort study. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2006; 13:183-8. [PMID: 16580621 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant mortality occurs in populations with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the relative contributions of lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) itself, accompanying comorbidities, and the numerous abnormalities that develop with advancing CKD are poorly studied. We examined all-cause predialysis mortality in 861 United States veterans with CKD stage 3 to 5 not yet on dialysis. The association of GFR with mortality was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the effects of several confounding variables on mortality were assessed in a Cox proportional-hazards model. Overall death rate was 102.1/1,000 person-years (95% CI: 90.2 to 115.6). Lower kidney function was associated with higher mortality (relative risk [95%CI] for GFR less than 20 v 41 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2: 2.56 [1.61 to 4.07], P<0.001) after adjustment for age, race, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, smoking status, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, serum albumin, blood cholesterol, haemoglobin, and 24-hour urine protein. For every 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated GFR, the adjusted relative risk of mortality (95% CI) was 1.28 (1.12 to 1.45), P<0.001. Lower kidney function is associated with increased mortality in patients with moderate and advanced CKD. This association is present even after adjustment for several confounders.
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35
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Mourning A. Spreading the word: NBA star educates public about risk of kidney disease. Interview by Karen Haq. NEPHROLOGY NEWS & ISSUES 2006; 20:60-1. [PMID: 16629361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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36
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Stiefelhagen P. [Many illnesses, early death. The ailments of young Mozart]. MMW Fortschr Med 2006; 148:58. [PMID: 16475629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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37
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Abstract
Home haemodialysis was first developed 40 years ago as a means of treating more patients with the limited funds then available. It soon became obvious that the treatment worked well and subsequent studies and experience have confirmed that it improves both mortality and morbidity and provides the best quality of life and other benefits for dialysis patients. The present review describes the history of the development of home haemodialysis in Seattle and elsewhere and the lessons learned about its benefits in the early days, which are just as relevant today. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed, as are the issues of which patients are candidates for this treatment and what is required of a home haemodialysis training and support programme. The decline in use of home haemodialysis in the USA and elsewhere is described and the actions that may already be beginning to reverse this trend. The role of home haemodialysis in giving the opportunity for longer hours of dialysis three times a week or on alternate nights is important. There is discussion of the relationship of home haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and its important future role as the means to enable treatment with more frequent short daily and long nightly haemodialysis.
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38
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Abstract
Australia has had an active and slowly expanding home haemodialysis programme; however, this has failed to expand as rapidly as some other methods of treatment of end-stage kidney disease. The technique in Australia has always been a derivative from overseas experience, rather than innovative. It received some minor initial support from the report issued in 1968 by an ad-hoc Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council on Rationalization of Facilities for Organ Transplantation and Renal Dialysis, but was ultimately disadvantaged because the report promoted transplantation over dialysis to an extent that proved markedly disproportionate to the number of patients who, in succeeding decades, would need maintenance dialysis treatment rather than transplantation. Nevertheless, each state in Australia established home haemodialysis facilities, but major interstate variations occurred in the uptake of the modality. The subsequent development of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and limited care dialysis centres appeared to have an important negative impact on home haemodialysis, although the recent introduction of daily dialysis is likely to have a positive influence in the future.
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Lytton B. The early history of kidney transplantation at Yale (1967-1985): a personal memoir. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2005; 78:173-84. [PMID: 16464316 PMCID: PMC2259145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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40
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Kaplan B, Meier-Kriesche HU. Renal transplantation: a half century of success and the long road ahead. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 15:3270-1. [PMID: 15579532 DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000146569.59482.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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41
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Hollenberg NK. Lead exposure and chronic renal failure. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2004; 164:2507; author reply 2508-9. [PMID: 15596656 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.164.22.2507-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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42
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Wańkowicz Z. [Peritoneal dialysis--40 years of own experiences]. POLSKIE ARCHIWUM MEDYCYNY WEWNETRZNEJ 2004; 112 Spec No:19-24. [PMID: 15669198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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43
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44
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Hirschmann JV, Richardson P, Kraemer RS, Mackowiak PA. Death of an Arabian Jew. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 164:833-9; discussion 839. [PMID: 15111368 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.164.8.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A 69-year-old Judean man presents with chronic low-grade fever, pedal edema, and abdominal pain. His condition deteriorates over several weeks with the appearance of shortness and foulness of breath, pruritus, convulsions of every limb, and gangrene of the genitalia. Just before he dies, he orders dozens of the leading men of his kingdom imprisoned and instructs his sister to kill them all after he is gone. Who is he and what is the likely cause of his death?
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45
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Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Iaina A. The role of anemia in congestive heart failure and chronic kidney insufficiency: the cardio renal anemia syndrome. PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2004; 47:575-589. [PMID: 15467179 DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2004.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is a major problem in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. The development of recombinant human erythropoietin has enabled physicians to correct this anemia. Although anemia has not been considered to be a common or important contributor to congestive heart failure, anemia of any cause can lead to cardiac damage and eventually congestive heart failure. Our joint renal-cardiac heart failure team found that anemia was indeed very common in congestive heart failure and was associated with severe, medication-resistant cardiac failure. Correction of the anemia with erythropoietin and intravenous iron led to a marked improvement in patients' functional status and their cardiac function, and to a marked fall in the need for hospitalization and for high-dose diuretics; renal function usually improved or at least stabilized. Subsequent investigations by others have confirmed many of our observations. We call this interrelationship between congestive heart failure, chronic kidney insufficiency, and anemia the Cardio-Renal Anemia syndrome. Treatment of the anemia in congestive heart failure may prove vital in preventing progression of both the heart failure and the associated renal disease.
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46
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Scribner BH. A tale of two remarkable physicians. Perit Dial Int 2003; 23:423. [PMID: 14604190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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47
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Espinoza R, Sepúlveda C, Vukusich C, Fantuzzi A, Serrano M, Simian M. [About the death of Herod the Great]. Rev Med Chil 2003; 131:569-72. [PMID: 12879820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Herod the Great was the founder of a dynasty that reigned on Judea for several generations. His birth date is estimated on year 73 AC and died at 70 years old. Descriptions of the final disease of Herod were obtained from the classical chronicles of Flavius Josephus, "The Jewish war" and "Jewish Antiquities". A medical explanation for his death is attempted. A parasitism caused by Schistosoma haematobium is suggested as the etiology for chronic renal failure (edema, halitosis and orthopnea) and a "gangrene of genitalia that engendered worms" in the words of Josephus. This would be explained by the formation of genital and urinary fistulae, observed in such disease. The asseveration that Herod was "attacked by black bilis" is also discussed, based on the concepts of the Hippocratic medicine of that time.
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London GM, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP, Metivier F, Adda H. Arterial structure and function in end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 17:1713-24. [PMID: 12270974 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/17.10.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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49
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Qunibi WY, Nolan CA, Ayus JC. Cardiovascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease: a century-old phenomenon. KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL. SUPPLEMENT 2002:S73-80. [PMID: 12410860 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.62.s82.15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mortality risk from cardiovascular disease is increased in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is due to both traditional and dialysis-specific factors. Recently, a number of the dialysis-specific risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular calcification. These include: hyperphosphatemia, high calcium-phosphate (Ca x P) product, elevated parathyroid hormone levels, duration of dialysis, and treatment with calcium-containing phosphate binders and vitamin D analogs. The recent availability of electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) has triggered increased awareness of the occurrence of cardiovascular calcification in ESRD patients. Given the development of transient hypercalcemia with calcium-containing binders, a link between calcium load from use of calcium-containing phosphate binders and development coronary calcification has been proposed. However, a causal relationship between use of these agents and cardiovascular calcification has not been established. Moreover, this phenomenon had been recognized over a century ago, long before these phosphate binders became available. Although its pathogenesis is likely to be multifactorial, available data strongly implicate elevated serum phosphorus as the primary culprit. Furthermore, the risk of calcification may be aggravated by vitamin D therapy, particularly in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, achieving vigorous control of serum phosphorus, Ca x P product and parathyroid hormone level might decrease cardiovascular calcification and improve survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Since calcium acetate is the most cost-effective phosphate binder available, we recommend that it should remain the first line treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with ESRD.
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50
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Abstract
In 1910 Ernst Unger started kidney transplantation in Germany, when he tried to cure an uremic patient in Berlin by transplanting a monkey kidney. But it was not until 1963 that the urologists Brosig and Nagel - again in Berlin - began relevant clinical renal transplantation. In the late sixties the teams in Munich and Heidelberg took over the main initiative. In the seventies the method was widely accepted as therapy in chronic renal failure. But the quantitative development in both parts of Germany was very slow. In 1977 less than 100 transplantations were carried out in East Germany and less than 300 in the West. But then the numbers reached 2 015 in 1990 in the BRD and 343 in the DDR, resp. Unfortunately after the reunification there was no further increase, the numbers rather fluctuated between 2 000 and 2 300. While the former difference between East and West may well be explained by different forms of organisation, the situation after the reunification might be due to the emotional discussions on legislation and necessary structural alterations, the roots of which are disclosed.
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