Evaluation of outcome of surgical excision of the nidus of osteoid osteoma of long bone

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumour usually found in the lower extremities of children and young adults. This tiny bone tumour causes pain out of all proportion to its size and hinders the daily activities. This Quasi-experimental study conducted in the department of Orthopaedic surgery of BSMMU from January 2008 to December 2009. Twenty one patients were included in the study where purposive sampling technique was used on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and all the ethical conditions were fulfilled. Diagnosis was almost obtained by taking history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations. Clinical variables were age, sex, site, pain, swelling, deformity and outcome variables were painless active life, removal of swelling, prevention of deformity, rate of recurrence. After localization of the tumour with the help of C arm, the nidus was excised in a small block of bone. The outcome is categorized by consensus, as clinically successful, only if the patient was free of pain and was taking no medication. The treatment was considered to have failed if a subsequent procedure had been performed to remove tumour. Among 21 cases, 14(66.7%) were male and 7(33.7%) were female. Maximum number of patients 15(71.4%) was between 10 years to 20 years. Most of the patients (76.2%) affected by osteoid osteoma were young students and most of the patients (95.2%) experienced moderate aching pain, usually aggravating at night which was typically relieved by aspirin or other NSAIDs (71.4%). Lower limbs (76.2%) particularly femur and tibia were commonly affected. Out of 21 patients, 19(90.5%) patients have got immediate pain relief or required no medication. In only 2 patients (9.5%), subsequent procedure has been performed to relief pain. So, successful outcome (in 19 out of 21) was significantly (p<0.001) higher in comparison to failed. Surgical excision of the nidus is a simple and easy procedure and does not require extensive resection of bone. If localization is done properly success rate is high and patients can return to normal daily activities.

Blue Rubber-Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Report of a Case Associated with Osteoid Osteomas

Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS), or Bean's syndrome, is a rare angiomatosis characterized by multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the skin, mucosae and frequently of other sites. A 49-year-old male patient had been affected since birth by multiple angiomas localized in the skin, lips, oral cavity, cranial theca, and central nervous system; intrauterine rupture of angiomas in the right parietal lobe had caused partial hypotrophic paralysis of the left hemisoma. In addition to BRBNS, the patient was affected by three osteoid osteomas: this never-described clinical association is here discussed.

Radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteomas: analgesia and patient satisfaction in long-term follow-up

PURPOSE

To review the long term clinical outcomes in the treatment of osteoid osteoma (OO) using radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Our retrospective study included 59 patients who were treated in the period from April 2001 to December 2012 due to a symptomatic OO using RFA. Here, the occurrence of complications and postoperative recurrence, as well as postoperative patient satisfaction were examined. Patients satisfaction was assessed by means of a telephone interview with the visual analogue scale (VAS).

RESULTS

Mean follow-up was 50 months (2 –116 months). The average size of the nidus was 6mm (range 2 – 14 mm). After initial radiofrequency ablation 11.8 % (7/59) of patient showed a recurrence of symptoms. Symptoms could successfully be treated by a second ablation in 5 patients. Assisted success rate was therefore 96.6 % (57/59). The complication rate was 5.1 % (2 major and one minor complication). Furthermore we report a very high patient satisfaction and acceptance of therapy.

CONCLUSION

RFA is a very successful therapy of symptomatic OOs with a high patient satisfaction.

KEY POINTS

Osteoid osteomas (OO) are rare benign bone tumors of the childhood and adolescence. Treatment of OOs with minimal-invasive radiofrequency ablation (RFA) shows a high patient satisfaction. RFA is by now the standard therapy of symptomatic OOs.

Radiofrequency ablation of phalangeal osteoid osteoma: technical challenges encountered in small bones

Osteoid osteoma, a benign bone tumor, is characterized by a generally less than 1 cm nidus surrounded by a zone of reactive sclerosis. It is frequently located in the femur and tibia; on the other hand in up to 5% of cases it may be presented in upper extremities. In previous years, its treatment was usually open surgery with en-bloc resection or curettage of the tumor. Various minimal invasive percutaneous treatments including radiofrequency ablation became popular in last years. In this report, the difficulties encountered during radiofrequency ablation treatment in small bones is described in a 19-year-old female case of osteoid osteoma.

Thoracoscopic en bloc extirpation for subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of thoracic vertebral body: a rare variety and its therapeutic consideration

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign osteoblastic tumor. Approximately 10% to 20% of osteoid osteomas occur in the spine with a high trend to involve the posterior components; in turn, vertebral body involvement is uncommon. Osteoid osteoma has been classified into cortical, cancellous, and subperiosteal subtypes according to the localization of the nidus. Subperiosteal osteoid osteoma is extremely rare and has been reported mainly in the femoral neck and small bones of the hands and feet. To the best of our knowledge, subperiosteal osteoid osteoma arising in spine has never been reported previously.

PURPOSE

To illustrate a rare case of a 23-year-old female with painful scoliosis because of subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of ninth thoracic vertebra that was treated by thoracoscopic intervention.

STUDY DESIGN/SETTING

A case report and review of literature.

METHODS

Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the inflammation/edema pattern intensity at right side of both 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae. Computed tomography demonstrated the round radiolucency surrounded by reactive bone formation (nidus) at the right anterolateral aspect of ninth thoracic vertebra. Taken all findings including anatomical localization of the lesion into consideration, we decided to use thoracoscopic intervention. Improvement of scoliosis was achieved 2 months after surgery. At the time of final follow-up, the patient was free of symptom and there was no clinical and radiologic evidence of recurrence of the tumor 1.5 years postoperatively.

RESULTS

Thoracoscopic intervention achieved en bloc extirpation of the nidus after partial removal of the 10th rib head. Thoracoscopic treatment has never been reported as a treatment modality of spinal osteoid osteoma. Within a few hours after the operation, the pain disappeared completely. Histopathological examination revealed that extracted lesion was compatible with osteoid osteoma.

CONCLUSIONS

The lesion described here demonstrates an extremely rare variety of spinal osteoid osteoma, which was successfully treated by an unprecedented thoracoscopic intervention. This alternative surgical approach enabled en bloc extirpation and effective correction of scoliosis while achieving a cosmetic satisfaction.

Expression of master regulatory genes controlling skeletal development in benign cartilage and bone forming tumors

Recent progress in skeletal molecular biology has led to the clarification of the transcriptional mechanisms of chondroblastic and osteoblastic lineage differentiation. Three master transcription factors-Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix-were shown to play an essential role in determining the skeletal progenitor cells' fate. The present study evaluates the expression of these factors in 4 types of benign bone tumors-chondromyxoid fibroma, chondroblastoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma-using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma showed strong nuclear expression of Osterix and Runx2. In contrast, only a few chondroblastomas showed positive nuclear expression of Osterix. Strong nuclear expression of Sox9 was detected in all chondroblastomas, whereas nearly half of the osteoblastomas showed focal weak cytoplasmic expression of Sox9.

Benign bony and soft tissue tumors of the hand

It is important to be familiar with the wide variety of benign tumors that may present in everyday hand surgery practice. The treatment of many of these tumors in the hand is based on studies with small numbers of patients or the treatment of similar lesions elsewhere in the body. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent literature relevant to benign bony and soft tissue tumors in the hand.

Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the cervical spine: the cause of unusual persistent neck pain

BACKGROUND

The most important symptom in patients with osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma is a resistant localized neck pain and stiffness in the spine.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate and analyze 6 cases of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the cervical spine that were surgically treated over a 7-year period and to emphasize the unusual persistent neck pain associated with osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the cervical spine.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective study.

METHODS

Six patients, 3 male and 3 female, with a mean age of 21 years (range 16-31) diagnosed with osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma during 2003 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative neurological and clinical symptoms, neck pain duration, preoperative deformity, location of lesion, radiological findings, surgical technique and clinical follow-up outcomes of each patient were evaluated.

RESULTS

The average follow-up duration was 40.5 months (range, 19 to 83 months). Three patients had osteoid osteoma (2 female and one male), and 3 patients had osteoblastoma (one female and 2 male). Two male patients had recurrent osteoblastoma. The locations of the lesions were as follows: C7 (2 patients), C3 (one patient), C2 (one patient), C3-C4 (one patient) and C5-C6 (one patient). The most common symptom was local neck pain in the region of the tumor. Among all patients, only one patient, who had osteoblastoma, had neurological deficits (right C5-C6 root symptoms). The other patients had no neurological deficits. All patients were treated with surgical resection using microsurgery. Two patients underwent only tumor resection, one patient underwent tumor resection and fusion, and the other 3 patients underwent tumor resection, fusion and spinal instrumentation. No perioperative complications developed in any of our patients. There was no tumor recurrence during the follow-up period.

LIMITATIONS

A retrospective study with 6 analyses of cases.

CONCLUSION

Surgical treatment of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the spine has been standardized. The most common symptom of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the cervical spine is local persistent neck pain in the region of the tumor. This symptom can be significant in the diagnosis of these tumors.

[Percutaneous CT guided radio-frequency ablation of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma]

BACKGROUND

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteoblastic bone lesion that causes severe local pain mainly at night, and usually responds to oral administration of NSAID. The lesion is located around the proximal thigh in more than 50% of the cases. Osteoblastoma is similar to OO in their histopathology features, but emerges frequently in the spine, and has a larger diameter than OO. Percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is becoming the treatment of choice for osteoid osteoma and non-aggressive osteoblastoma in the last decade.

METHODS

During the period 2005-2009, 38 patients were diagnosed with osteoid osteoma (n = 34), and osteoblastoma (n = 4). A total of 34 patients were treated with RFA using a water-cooled, variable ablation size tip. Two patients underwent an open procedure, and 2 had spontaneous remission.

RESULTS

Thirty three patients (97%) reported complete remission of their pain after a single treatment; one patient needed a second RFA treatment, and reported full remission of his symptoms after the 2nd treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma and non-aggressive osteoblastoma is simple, safe, and reliable. Meticulous placement of the probe inside the tumor, and the usage of water-cooled, variable ablation size tip, improves the overall outcome and decrease complication rates.

Osteoid osteoma distal to a hip arthroplasty

The authors report a case of osteoid osteoma distal to a hip prosthesis in a 56-year-old patient. This rare association was difficult to diagnose; at first, the pain seemed to be of mechanical origin, suggesting a delayed painful reaction to the prosthesis. The results of bone scan as well as the CT scan ones helped orient the diagnosis. Excision biopsy, using bone trephining, completed by an iliac bone auto-graft resulted in a cure with no residual instability of the prosthesis above the tumor. Bone scan with radio-isotopes to localize the lesion was particularly helpful in this instance to secure the final diagnosis.

Cancellous osteoma of the maxillary tuberosity: case report

The osteoma is a benign, bone-forming lesion that is not considered a true neoplasm. It almost exclusively affects the flat bones of the skull and face. Jaw lesions may cause facial deformity and impair oral function. Multiple osteomas may be associated with Gardner's syndrome. Clinically and radiographically, osteomas may need to be differentiated from other bone-forming lesions. This article describes a cancellous osteoma of the left maxillary molar and tuberosity area and differentiates it from other benign and malignant lesions, including the parosteal osteosarcoma.

Subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of the neck of talus

Juxta-articular, subperiosteal osteoid osteomas arising around the ankle are unusual. Tumors arising on the neck of the talus commonly produce symptoms mimicking monoarticular arthritis. Patients are usually treated for arthritis or ankle sprain, which often leads to a delay in definitive diagnosis. Here we present a case of osteoid osteoma of neck of talus which was presented as ankle pain. It puzzled us until MRI was done. Diagnostic dilemma and delay can be avoided by high index of suspicion. The patient was treated with open removal of the tumor. We also present brief review of literature about juxta-articular, subperiosteal osteoid osteoma which is uncommon from the typical osteoid osteoma occurring elsewhere in the body.

[Osteoid osteoma of the mandibular condyle: report of one case]

Osteoid Osteoma is rare in mandibular condyle. A case of osteoid osteoma in the condyle was reported in this paper. The clinical manifestation, radiographic characteristic, pathologic diagnosis were discussed. Nidus is the key in diagnosing osteoid osteoma, and the final diagnosis is based on pathological findings.

Primary endo-orbital osteoid osteoma

Osteiod osteoma is a small, benign, osteoblastic tumor, which usually affects the long bone of the lower extremities and vertebrae. Herein, we report the first case of endo-orbital osteoid osteoma. A 22-year-old man presented with eyelid edema, proptosis and pain in the left eye 1 year after the beginning of the symptoms. Imaging studies showed a small (15 x 11 mm in size) lesion on the roof of the left orbit with contrast enhancement. The lesion was removed and histopathological section was consistent with osteoid osteoma. Eighteen month after the operation, the patient was free of symptoms.

Osteoid osteoma with a multicentric nidus: a case report and review of the literature

To date, 23 cases with osteoid osteoma (OO) including multiple nidi in single bone have been reported in the world literature. A case report of an 18-year-old boy with an OO on his left femoral neck, which contained double nidi is presented. Plain radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the proximal femur showed OO with a multicentric nidus. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated increased activity in the left femoral neck region. The tumor was removed with curettage and shaving using lateral approach. The patient was asymptomatic for 5 years after surgery.

Computed-tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation for the treatment of osteoid osteoma-2 to 5 years follow-up

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation (PRT) method with a minimum of 2 years follow-up. Twenty-eight patients who were followed for more than 2 years among 35 patients who underwent CT-guided PRT between April 1999 and May 2005 were included in this study. The mean age was 24.5 years (range 7-55 years) and the mean follow-up period was 40.1 months (range 24-66 months). With a radiofrequency electrode, the lesion was heated to 80 degrees C or 90 degrees C for 6.5 mins (range 3-9 mins). Clinical success was assessed at the out-patient clinic by symptoms and radiographs. Twenty-six patients (90%) experienced a total loss of symptoms and additional PRT also relieved the ongoing symptoms in all of the recurrent patients. PRT appears to be a safe and effective method for treating osteoid osteoma and is also effective in recurrent cases. This treatment modality is a minimally invasive procedure and is a good alternative to open surgical treatment.

Osteoid osteoma of the zygoma: report of an unusual case

BACKGROUND

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of bone characterized by pain, usually occurring at night, that shows a dramatic response to aspirin. The literature contains reports of only a few cases in the head and neck region.

CASE DESCRIPTION

The authors present an unusual case of an osteoid osteoma of the craniofacial bones. The patient sought an evaluation of pain in the area of the right zygoma. One of the authors, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, noted a small area of swelling. The patient underwent radiographic, computed tomographic and nuclear medicine studies. On the basis of the images and the biopsy report, the authors made a diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. In this article, they describe the treatment of and new modalities of therapy for this condition.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

The general dentist should be aware of any lesion that is not common. If the generalist has any doubt about the nature or management of an unusual oral lesion, referral to appropriate specialists is mandatory.

Osteoid osteoma of the cervical spine: surgical treatment or percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation?

Osteoid osteoma (OO) of the cervical spine is frequently located close to the vertebral artery, spinal cord, or nerve roots and complete surgical excision is sometimes difficult by a limited approach and more extended surgery can require spinal fusion. Percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation (PRC) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of OO of the pelvis and limbs however, its role in the cervical spine is still nuclear. The Authors present a series of nine cases of OO of the cervical spine, six treated with surgical excision and three with PRC. No neurological or vascular complications occurred in both series. One case of the surgical series had only partial relief of persistent pain for 1 year due to incomplete excision, but is doing well 4 years after surgery. All the other surgical cases had complete relief of symptoms immediately after surgery and are symptom-free 3-10 years later. Two cases of PRC had complete relief of symptoms 24-48 h after surgery and are symptom-free 2 and 3 years later. One case of recurrent OO after surgery and treated with PRC with a reduced dose improved only, and still requires anti-inflammatory drugs 2 years after the procedure. Our still limited experience suggests that PRC can be safely performed in local anaesthesia with the patient awake, enabling to check for signs and symptoms of possible neurological injury. PRC can substitute extensive posterior approaches and reconstructions for OO of the posterior arch and joint pillar.

The healing pattern of osteoid osteomas on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after thermocoagulation

OBJECTIVE

To compare the healing pattern of osteoid osteomas on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after successful and unsuccessful thermocoagulation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighty-six patients were examined by CT and 18 patients by dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI before and after thermocoagulation for osteoid osteoma. Thermocoagulation was successful in 73% (63/86) and unsuccessful in 27% (23/86) of patients followed by CT. Thermocoagulation was successful in 72% (13/18) of patients followed by MRI. After treatment, the healing of the nidus on CT was evaluated using different healing patterns (complete ossification, minimal nidus rest, decreased size, unchanged size or thermonecrosis). On MRI the presence of reactive changes (joint effusion, "oedema-like" changes of bone marrow and soft tissue oedema) and the delay time (between arterial and nidus enhancement) were assessed and compared before and after thermocoagulation.

RESULTS

Complete ossification or a minimal nidus rest was observed on CT in 58% (16/28) of treatment successes (with > 12 months follow-up), but not in treatment failures. "Oedema-like" changes of bone marrow and/or soft tissue oedema were seen on MR in all patients before thermocoagulation and in all treatment failures. However, residual "oedema-like" changes of bone marrow were also found in 69% (9/13) of treatment successes. An increased delay time was observed in 62% (8/13) of treatment successes and in 1/5 of treatment failures.

CONCLUSION

Complete, or almost complete, ossification of the treated nidus on CT correlated with successful treatment. Absence of this ossification pattern, however, did not correlate with treatment failure. CT could not be used to identify the activity of the nidus following treatment. The value of MR parameters to assess residual activity of the nidus was limited in this study.