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Zhou X, Zhu H, Zhu C, Lin K, Cai Q, Li Z, Du Y. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Serum Pepsinogen Level With the Risk of Gastric Precancerous Conditions: A Cross-sectional Study of High-risk Gastric Cancer Population in China. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:778-784. [PMID: 33116065 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Gastric precancerous conditions are generally considered to play an essential role in the gastric carcinogenesis cascade. This study identified risk factors of gastric precancerous conditions in a nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study. METHODS Individuals who made their visit to 115 hospitals in China for gastric cancer screening were recruited. Lifestyle habits and personal information were collected through a series of questionnaires. Serum biomarker test (pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibody) and endoscopy were then performed. Risk factors for gastric precancerous conditions were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Of 14,929 subjects eligible for analysis, 4477 (30.0%) developed gastric precancerous conditions and 405 (2.71%) developed gastric cancer. In multiple logistic regression, precancerous conditions were associated with advanced age [odds ratio (OR)=1.027; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.023-1.032; P<0.001], male gender (OR=1.303; 95% Cl, 1.188-1.429; P<0.001), H. pylori infection (OR=1.377; 95% Cl, 1.272-1.490, P<0.001), and smoking (OR=1.142; 95% Cl, 1.005-1.298, P=0.004), whereas they were inversely correlated with white meat intake (OR=0.731; 95% Cl, 0.673-0.794; P<0.001) and pepsinogen I level (30 to 70 subgroup OR=1.536; 95% Cl, 1.163-2.028; P=0.002; <30 subgroup OR=1.354; 95% Cl, 1.206-1.520; P<0.001). Also, the authors observed a statistically lower prevalence of reflux esophagitis (2.8% vs. 4.7%) and of gastric polyps (11.0% vs. 13.7%) in H. pylori-infected population. CONCLUSIONS Patients with H. pylori have a 1.4-fold higher risk of having gastric precancerous conditions. Besides, precancerous conditions were associated with advanced age, male gender, H. pylori infection, and smoking in a large population. However, regular white meat intake and higher pepsinogen I level were associated with reduced risk of having precancerous lesions.
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Lechien JR, Hans S, Simon F, Horoi M, Calvo-Henriquez C, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Mayo-Yáñez M, Bartel R, Piersiala K, Nguyen Y, Saussez S. Association Between Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Media Otitis: A Systematic Review. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e801-e814. [PMID: 33710157 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and recurrent (ROM) or chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). DATABASES PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. METHODS Three authors searched articles published between January 1980 and September 2020 about the association between LPR and the development of recurrent or chronic otitis media. Inclusion, exclusion, diagnostic criteria, and clinical outcome evaluation of included studies were analyzed using PRISMA criteria. The bias analysis of included studies was evaluated with the Tool to assess Risk of Bias of the CLARITY group. RESULTS Twenty-six clinical and three experimental articles met our inclusion criteria, accounting for 1,624 children and 144 adults with COME or ROM. According to the pH study type, the prevalence of LPR and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in OM patients were 28.7% (range, 8-100%) and 40.7 (range, 18-64%), respectively. The majority of studies identified pepsin or pepsinogen in middle ear effusion, with a range of mean concentrations depending on the technique used to measure pepsin. There was an important heterogeneity between studies regarding definition of COME, ROM, and LPR, exclusion criteria, methods used to measure pepsin/pepsinogen in middle ear secretions and outcome assessments. CONCLUSION The association between LPR and OM is still unclear. Future clinical and experimental studies are needed to investigate the association between LPR and OM in both children and adults through extensive gastric content analysis in middle ear suppurations and impedance-pH monitoring considering acid, weakly acid, and alkaline reflux events.
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Liu X, Zhang M, Luo R, Mo K, He X. Significance of pepsinogen in screening for gastric intestinal metaplasia in Guangdong, China. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521990495. [PMID: 33631996 PMCID: PMC7917884 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521990495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) relies on gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy, but their application in screening for GIM is limited. We aimed to identify serological biomarkers of GIM via screening in Guangdong, China. METHODS Cross-sectional field and questionnaire data, demographic information, past medical history, and other relevant data were collected. Blood samples were collected for pepsinogen (PG)I, PGII, gastrin-17, and Helicobacter pylori antibody testing, and gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy were performed. Single factor and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between these indicators and GIM, and decision tree models were used to determine the cut-off points between indicators. RESULTS Of 443 participants enrolled, 87 (19.6%) were diagnosed with GIM. Single factor analysis showed that pepsin indicators (PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII ratio) and the factors Mandarin as native language, urban residency, hyperlipidemia, and age were associated with GIM. Logistic regression analysis showed that PGI and age were associated with GIM. CONCLUSIONS Age is an important factor for predicting GIM progression; age >60 years increased its risk. Detection of GIM was higher in individuals with PGI levels >127.20 ng/mL, which could be used as a threshold indicating the need to perform gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy.
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Yuan L, Zhao JB, Zhou YL, Qi YB, Guo QY, Zhang HH, Khan MN, Lan L, Jia CH, Zhang YR, Ding SZ. Type I and type II Helicobacter pylori infection status and their impact on gastrin and pepsinogen level in a gastric cancer prevalent area. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3673-3685. [PMID: 32742135 PMCID: PMC7366059 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i25.3673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes severe gastric inflammation and is a predisposing factor for gastric carcinogenesis. However, its infection status in stepwise gastric disease progression in this gastric cancer prevalent area has not been evaluated; it is also not known its impact on commonly used epidemiological gastric cancer risk markers such as gastrin-17 (G-17) and pepsinogens (PGs) during clinical practice.
AIM To explore the prevalence of type I and type II H. pylori infection status and their impact on G-17 and PG levels in clinical practice.
METHODS Thirty-five hundred and seventy-two hospital admitted patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were examined, and 523 patients were enrolled in this study. H. pylori infection was confirmed by both 13C-urea breath test and serological assay. Patients were divided into non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), non-atrophic gastritis with erosion (NAGE), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), peptic ulcers (PU) and gastric cancer (GC) groups. Their serological G-17, PG I and PG II values and PG I/PG II ratio were also measured.
RESULTS A total H. pylori infection rate of 3572 examined patients was 75.9%, the infection rate of 523 enrolled patients was 76.9%, among which type I H. pylori infection accounted for 72.4% (291/402) and type II was 27.6%; 88.4% of GC patients were H. pylori positive, and 84.2% of them were type I infection, only 11.6% of GC patients were H. pylori negative. Infection rates of type I H. pylori in NAG, NAGE, CAG, PU and GC groups were 67.9%, 62.7%, 79.7%, 77.6% and 84.2%, respectively. H. pylori infection resulted in significantly higher G-17 and PG II values and decreased PG I/PG II ratio. Both types of H. pylori induced higher G-17 level, but type I strain infection resulted in an increased PG II level and decreased PG I/PG II ratio in NAG, NAGE and CAG groups over uninfected controls. Overall PG I levels showed no difference among all disease groups and in the presence or absence of H. pylori; in stratified analysis, its level was increased in GC and PU patients in H. pylori and type I H. pylori-positive groups.
CONCLUSION Type I H. pylori infection is the major form of infection in this geographic region, and a very low percentage (11.6%) of GC patients are not infected by H. pylori. Both types of H. pylori induce an increase in G-17 level, while type I H. pylori is the major strain that affects PG I and PG IIs level and PG I/PG II ratio in stepwise chronic gastric disease. The data provide insights into H. pylori infection status and indicate the necessity and urgency for bacteria eradication and disease prevention in clinical practice.
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Kim YJ, Chung WC. Is serum pepsinogen testing necessary in populationbased screening for gastric cancer? Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:544-546. [PMID: 32392661 PMCID: PMC7214357 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Inoue I, Oka M, Ichinose M. [Identification of gastric cancer high-risk by serum tests -current status and issues]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 2020; 117:477-484. [PMID: 32565505 DOI: 10.11405/nisshoshi.117.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Moon HW, Lee SY, Hur M, Yun YM. Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori-seropositive subjects according to the stool antigen test findings: a prospective study. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:893-901. [PMID: 29061033 PMCID: PMC6129631 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In countries with a higher risk of gastric atrophic gastritis, noninvasive tests are helpful for a more reliable diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of seropositive subjects according to their stool H. pylori antigen test, serum pepsinogen (PG) assay, and endoscopic findings. METHODS Consecutive subjects who visited Konkuk University Medical Center for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for a regular check-up were included in a prospective setting if the serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G assay was positive. A H. pylori antigen stool test was measured using a stool H. pylori antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit on the same day as a serum PG assay and endoscopy. RESULTS Of 318 seropositive subjects, 256 (80.5%) showed positive stool test findings. Subjects with a negative stool test result showed lower serum PG I (p < 0.001) and PG II (p < 0.001) levels and higher PG I/II ratio (p < 0.001) than those with a positive stool test. Chronic atrophic gastritis was more common in the positive stool test group than the negative stool test group on endoscopic finding (p = 0.009). A higher serum PG I level (p = 0.001) and a lower serum PG I/II ratio (p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for the presence of H. pylori antigen in stool. CONCLUSION A high serum PG level denotes an ongoing current H. pylori infection with positive stool H. pylori antigen test findings. Seropositive subjects with increased gastric secreting ability tend to have H. pylori in their fecal material as reflected by a positive stool H. pylori antigen test finding.
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VAN VUNAKIS H, LEVINE L. STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON PEPSINOGEN AND PEPSIN: AN IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH*,†. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 103:735-43. [PMID: 13996140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb53730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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[Evaluation of guideline for stomach cancer mass screening]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2006; 33:1183-97. [PMID: 16955959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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SCHLAMOWITZ M, SHAW A, JACKSON WT. Pepsinogen and Pepsin: Further Immunochemical Studies of the Conformational Changes Involved in the Formation of Porcine and Human Pepsins from Their Zymogens*. Biochemistry 2002; 3:636-40. [PMID: 14193632 DOI: 10.1021/bi00893a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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YESSLER PG, REISER MF, RIOCH DM. Etiology of duodenal ulcer. II. Serum pepsinogen and peptic ulcer in inductees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 169:451-6. [PMID: 13620492 DOI: 10.1001/jama.1959.03000220031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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VICKERS HE, KENNEDY MP. Diagnostic value of a single plasma pepsinogen estimation. An assessment in 500 cases. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1998; 1:1453-4. [PMID: 13925777 PMCID: PMC1958608 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5290.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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VAN VUNAKIS H, LEHRER HI, ALLISON WS, LEVINE L. Immunochemical studies on the components of the pepsinogen system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 46:589-604. [PMID: 13996139 PMCID: PMC2195285 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.46.3.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit antisera to pepsin and pepsinogen were characterized by several immunological criteria. Both antisera inhibited the rennet activity of pepsin. Antipepsinogen protected pepsin from alkaline denaturation. Using antipepsinogen, precipitin analysis at pH 5.5 indicated that the native enzyme resembles the precursor more closely than did the denatured enzyme. However, all three proteins have some antigenic sites in common. Both antisera reacted more efficiently with their homologous antigens. When measured by C' fixation, the pepsinogen-antipepsinogen system was inhibited by pepsin and to a greater degree, by the activation mixture and the pepsin-inhibitor complex. Pepsin-antipepsin was inhibited by pepsinogen. The specificity of these two antibodies toward pepsin and pepsinogen conformation was used to measure the disappearance of pepsinogen and the concomitant appearance of pepsin during autocatalytic conversion at pH 4.6. The experimental results obtained during the conversion could be duplicated by using varying proportions of pepsin and pepsinogen in the model system. The potentialities of employing these antisera to detect conformational changes such as the unmasking of the pepsin moiety in pepsinogen molecules modified by physical or chemical reagents are discussed.
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SCHLAMOWITZ M, VARANDANI PT, WISSLER FC. Pepsinogen and pepsin: conformational relations, studied by iodination, immunochemical precipitation, and the influence of pepain inhibitor. Biochemistry 1998; 2:238-46. [PMID: 13991805 DOI: 10.1021/bi00902a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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ALTAMIRANO M, CHIANG L, BRAVO I. Effect of sympathetic stimulation on gastric secretion of pepsinogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 199:131-5. [PMID: 13792948 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Minn I, Kim HS, Kim SC. Antimicrobial peptides derived from pepsinogens in the stomach of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1407:31-9. [PMID: 9639668 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(98)00023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three antimicrobial peptides, which had strong antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, were isolated from the stomach of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Two of the antimicrobial peptides were found to be derived from the N-terminal sequences of pepsinogen A and C prosequences. The amino acid sequences of the new antimicrobial peptides, named bullfrog pepsinogen A-derived antimicrobial peptide (bPaAP) and bullfrog pepsinogen C-derived antimicrobial peptide (bPcAP), were Gly-Val-Val-Lys-Val-Ser-Arg-Leu-Lys-Gly-Glu-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu (MW 1865.5) and Ile-Ile-Lys-Val-Pro-Leu-Lys-Lys-Phe-Lys-Ser-Met-Arg-Glu-Val-Met-Arg-A sp-His-Gly-Ile-Lys-Ala-Pro-Val-Val-Asp-Pro-Ala-Thr-Lys-Tyr (MW 3691.6), respectively. The bPaAP and bPcAP adopted 35% and 42% amphipathic alpha-helical structure in 50% trifluoroethanol, respectively, and were non-hemolytic up to a concentration of 200 microg/ml. Synthesized pepsinogen C prosequences of monkey and human, which had similar structural characteristics as bPaAP and bPcAP, also showed antimicrobial activity at concentrations of 10-200 microg/ml. The third peptide was buforin I, previously found in the stomach of the Asian toad, Bufo bufo gargarizans. These findings strongly suggest that peptides derived from the prosequences of pepsinogens, along with buforin I, may contribute to the antimicrobial function of the gastrointestinal mucosa of vertebrates, including human.
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Yasuda T, Takeshita H, Kishi K. Genetic polymorphisms detectable in human urine: their application to forensic individualization. NIHON HOIGAKU ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE 1997; 51:407-416. [PMID: 9545753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review describes several types of genetic polymorphism, which have recently been identified in human urine in our laboratory, and have also been found in other human body fluids such as blood, saliva and semen. These include uropepsinogen, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II), 43-kDa glycoprotein, alpha-L-fucosidase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, transferrin and vitamin D-binding protein. Several substances can be detected more easily in urine than in plasma. The concentrations of uropepsinogen, DNase I and DNase II in blood plasma are too low for analysis, whereas those in urine are high enough for easy typing. In practice, DNase I-polymorphism is one of the most useful genetic markers for practical purposes, because of its higher content in various body fluids including urine, a well-balanced gene frequency, and its easy and accurate detectability. Furthermore, several genetic markers previously identified in blood and/or other forensic samples can be phenotyped reproducibly and easily from the corresponding urine samples. Thus, urine, in addition to the convenience and non-invasive nature of its collection, is by no means inferior to blood as a sample source for typing in the field of forensic science. Biochemical and serological typing of genetic polymorphisms present in human urine could offer useful information to practising forensic biologists for forensic individualization of urine samples.
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SEIJFFERS MJ, SEGAL RL, MILLER LL. SEPARATION OF PEPSINOGEN 2 AND PEPSINOGEN 3 FROM HUMAN URINE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 206:1106-10. [PMID: 14208950 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.206.5.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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GERSTEIN JF, VANVUNAKIS H, LEVINE L. HEAT- AND ALKALI-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE CONFORMATION OF PEPSINOGEN AND PEPSIN. Biochemistry 1996; 2:964-71. [PMID: 14087389 DOI: 10.1021/bi00905a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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HANLEY WB. HEREDITARY ASPECTS OF DUODENAL ULCERATION: SERUM-PEPSINOGEN LEVEL IN RELATION TO ABO BLOOD GROUPS AND SALIVARY ABH SECRETOR STATUS. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1996; 1:936-40. [PMID: 14107071 PMCID: PMC1814203 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5388.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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