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Kamatani N, Terai C, Kuroshima S, Nishioka K, Mikanagi K. Genetic and clinical studies on 19 families with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies. Hum Genet 1987; 75:163-8. [PMID: 3817810 DOI: 10.1007/bf00591080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency leading to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis has been considered a rare cause of urolithiasis and renal insufficiency. We have examined samples from 19 Japanese families with DHA lithiasis. In 79% of the families, patients only partially lacked hemolysate APRT activities, clearly contrasting with the complete deficiency in all the patients from non-Japanese families so far reported. All patients with DHA lithiasis were homozygotes for defective APRT genes, whether the deficiency was complete or partial. In family studies we found two symptomatic and four asymptomatic homozygous family members. The segregation figures are compatible with the hypothesis of a simple autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. By analyzing the data stored by a large clinical laboratory in Japan, we estimated that 0.00368% of the general population has DHA lithiasis. These data indicate that more than 1% of the general population possess mutant alleles of the APRT gene as heterozygotes. Our present studies indicate that most of the patients with this disease are undiagnosed in Japan, and probably in other countries also.
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Abe S, Hayasaka K, Narisawa K, Tada K, Okada G, Koyama H, Kurosu S, Kudoh M, Matsushita K. Partial and complete adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency associated with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis: kinetic and immunochemical properties of APRT. ENZYME 1987; 37:182-8. [PMID: 2440671 DOI: 10.1159/000469260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have studied adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in the hemolysates from the families of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial deficiency of APRT (the Japanese type) and complete deficiency of APRT (the null type). The APRT in the control subjects was found to be heat-stable at the physiological concentration of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP), which was close to the value of its Km for PRPP. The APRT in the Japanese type showed 10 times higher Km values for PRPP and needed a comparably increased level of PRPP for stability in vitro. No change in red cell PRPP was found in the Japanese type of APRT deficiency. The content of APRT enzyme protein was decreased in the hemolysates of the Japanese type, probably due to its lability at the level of PRPP present in the cells. The heterozygote of the null type also had labile enzyme molecules at the physiological PRPP concentration.
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Prinsen JH, Günther H, Breuer J. [Determination of enzyme activities in urine of patients with calcium oxalate calculi]. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE CHEMIE UND KLINISCHE BIOCHEMIE 1986; 24:1001-7. [PMID: 2880924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has been measured in 24 h urines of patients with a calcium oxalate calculus (9 men, 11 women) and has been compared with those of a reference collective (11 men, 10 women). The diagnostic sensitivity and the diagnostic specificity have been calculated according to four different discrimination methods in which the diagnostic sensitivity lies between 65% and 100%, the diagnostic specificity between 72% and 100%. Within the reference group there was a correlation between the excretion of the three brush-border enzymes, whereas within the group of patients only a correlation between gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was observed. From this pathophysiological conclusions can be drawn.
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Fujimori S, Akaoka I, Takeuchi F, Kanayama H, Tatara K, Nishioka K, Kamatani N. Altered kinetic properties of a mutant adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Metabolism 1986; 35:187-92. [PMID: 2418331 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(86)90122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three siblings in a Japanese family experienced recurrent 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis despite the presence of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) activities in the hemolysates (19.9% to 28.2% of normal value). However, studies on viable T cells from these patients indicated that APRT was not functional in viable cells. Further analysis of the partially purified enzymes from hemolysates disclosed that patient's APRT had a reduced affinity to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). Seven healthy members of this family whose APRT functioned normally in viable T cells had the erythrocyte enzyme levels between the patients and normal individuals (38.2% to 65.6%), suggesting that they are carriers of the defective gene. These results indicate that the defective gene code a unique mutant APRT with a reduced affinity to PRPP, and the patients are homozygotes. The mutant enzyme was also shown to be more heat-stable than normal enzyme. However, since mutant enzyme, unlike normal enzyme, was insensitive to the stabilization effect of PRPP, the latter became more heat-stable than the former when the heat treatment was performed in the presence of PRPP. This type of defect with alterations in the kinetic and physical properties of APRT as described here is likely to be a common type of APRT deficiency in Japan.
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Fujimori S, Akaoka I, Sakamoto K, Yamanaka H, Nishioka K, Kamatani N. Common characteristics of mutant adenine phosphoribosyltransferases from four separate Japanese families with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial enzyme deficiencies. Hum Genet 1985; 71:171-6. [PMID: 3876264 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
2,8-Dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial deficiencies of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) has been found only among Japanese families. All Caucasian patients with the same lithiasis are completely deficient in this enzyme. Partially purified APRT from one of the Japanese families with the lithiasis associated with a partial deficiency of APRT had a reduced affinity for 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). In the present investigations, we have shown that this characteristic is common in mutant enzymes from all the four separate Japanese urolithiasis families associated with partial APRT deficiencies so far tested. The mutant enzymes also had several other characteristics in common including increased resistance to heat in the absence of PRPP and reduced sensitivity to the stabilizing effect of PRPP. These data suggest that these families have a common mutant allele (APRT*J) at the APRT gene locus.
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31
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Takeuchi F, Matsuta K, Miyamoto T, Enomoto S, Fujimori S, Akaoka I, Kamatani N, Nishioka K. Rapid method for the diagnosis of partial adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis. Hum Genet 1985; 71:167-70. [PMID: 4043967 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the Japanese patients with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis only partially lack adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), while all the Caucasian patients with the same disease completely lack the enzyme. APRT activities in healthy heterozygotes for the complete APRT deficiencies were at the same levels as the Japanese patients, and simple enzyme assay does not distinguish between these two conditions. We have previously shown, using viable T-cells, that the enzyme was non-functional in the cells from the Japanese patients although they contain considerable APRT activities in the cell extracts. In the present investigations, we devised a rapid method using erythrocytes for the diagnosis of partial APRT deficiencies accompanied by severe impairment in adenine metabolism causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis. Thus, erythrocytes from three different families with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial APRT deficiencies incorporated only minimal amounts of radioactive adenine, while normal erythrocytes incorporated significant amounts. These data indicate that severe impairment in adenine metabolism is shown not only in viable T-cells but also in viable erythrocytes. The present procedures provide a rapid method suitable for routine clinical use for the diagnosis of partial APRT deficiencies causing 2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis.
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Kamatani N, Takeuchi F, Nishida Y, Yamanaka H, Nishioka K, Tatara K, Fujimori S, Kaneko K, Akaoka I, Tofuku Y. Severe impairment in adenine metabolism with a partial deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Metabolism 1985; 34:164-8. [PMID: 3871499 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(85)90127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among three unrelated patients with recurrent 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis, two completely lacked adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in both erythrocytes and proliferative T cells. The third patient possessed significant enzyme activities in both hemolysates and T-cell extracts at levels comparable to heterozygotes for complete APRT deficiency. Despite significant APRT activities in cell extracts, cultured T cells from the third patient were at least 100-fold more resistant than normal T cells to an adenine analog, 6-methylpurine, whose cytotoxicity is dependent on APRT. These data indicate that APRT activity in T cells from the third patient is positive in cell extracts, but apparently not operating in viable cells. Although the cells from the patients with complete APRT deficiency were as resistant to 6-methylpurine as the cells from the third patient, the cells from the heterozygotes for complete APRT deficiency were almost as sensitive as normal T cells. Therefore, adenine metabolism in the third patient but not in the heterozygotes seems to be as severely impaired as in the patients with complete APRT deficiency, which is quite consistent with the clinical manifestations in these individuals.
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Kishi T, Kidani K, Komazawa Y, Sakura N, Matsuura R, Kobayashi M, Tanabe A, Hyodo S, Kittaka E, Sakano T. Complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase: a report of three cases and immunologic and phagocytic investigations. Pediatr Res 1984; 18:30-4. [PMID: 6701033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The levels of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT:EC 2.4.2.7) were determined in red blood cells (RBCs), peripheral mononuclear cells (MNCs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from normal controls and from two families with APRT deficiency. No APRT activity was demonstrated in MNCs and PMNLs of patients with complete deficiency of RBC-APRT. APRT deficiency occurs not only in RBCs but also in MNCs and PMNLs. Immunologic and phagocytic examinations showed normal hemogram and serum immunoglobulin levels, and normal E-rosette forming cells and surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. Lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and lymphocyte differentiation to cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-producing cells induced by pokeweed mitogen were normal. No major defects were apparent in natural killer activity. Phagocytic functions were normal as tested by bactericidal activity, O2-consumption, chemotaxis, and chemiluminescence response.
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34
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Nakamoto T, Nakatsu H, Kishi T, Sakura N, Usui T, Nihira H. Complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase: report of a new family. J Urol 1983; 130:580-2. [PMID: 6887386 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)51318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urinary lithiasis with complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase activities in the erythrocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes of the patient's family also were determined. The propositus and her younger brother were homozygotes for adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency and her parents were heterozygotes. This is the third family with this disease to be reported.
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35
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Bailey CB, Cheng KJ, Costerton JW. Electron micrographic study of precipitates formed by interaction of silicic acid and alkaline phosphatase: contribution to a study of silica urolithiasis in cattle. J Inorg Biochem 1982; 17:343-8. [PMID: 6298364 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)80094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Association of alkaline phosphatase with silicic acid in precipitates formed in dilute solution was studied as a model for the nonspecific reaction between silicic acid and protein. Precipitates contained 68-83% of the silicic acid and 52-83% of the enzyme in the original mixture and were in the form of aggregates of roundish particles 150-800 nm in diameter. Enzyme protein formed a tightly bound layer on the surface of particles formed in solutions of freshly prepared silicic acid. The similarity between the ultrastructural features of precipitates from solutions of silicic acid and of internal portions of siliceous urinary calculi from cattle suggests that deposition of silica during development of such calculi is due, at least in part, to the interaction of protein with silicic acid in urine.
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36
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Joost J. [Metabolic causes of urolithiasis in childhood]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR UROLOGIE UND NEPHROLOGIE 1981; 74:839-45. [PMID: 7324594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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37
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Haussmann A, Bichler KH, Behrendt WA, Harzmann R. [Detection of ureolytic bacteria in urine in urinary calculi]. HELVETICA CHIRURGICA ACTA 1981; 48:495-7. [PMID: 7287490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Detection of ureolytic bacteria in the urine of stone patients: using a very sensitive and selective indicator medium we tested the urine of 308 stone patients for ureolytic bacteria. Urease-producing bacteria were found in 41 patients. In the urine of 13 of these patients we found more than 10(4) bacteria/ml and in 28 patients 10(4) or less. 75% of the patients with a positive urease test had infection stones. We believe, that the test for urease is a convenient and necessary completion of the bacteriologic-diagnostic measures.
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38
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Cartier P, Hamet M, Perignon JL. [Hereditary deficiency in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase: a metabolic cause of urinary lithiasis in children (author's transl)]. LA NOUVELLE PRESSE MEDICALE 1980; 9:1767-70. [PMID: 6892958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Complete lack of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is a not uncommon cause of urinary lithiasis in young children. The calculi are made up of a very poorly soluble substance, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, which results from the oxidation of adenine by xanthinoxidase. A study of the 7 cases of APRT deficiency hitherto published (including 5 cases with lithiasis) shows that the diagnosis is rarely made, since the conventional methods of urinary stone analysis are unable to distinguish dihydroxyadenine from uric acid. This form of lithiasis can be prevented by inhibiting xanthinoxidase with allopurinol. The remarkable efficacy of this treatment and the frequent severity of the disease should raise the possibility of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine lithiasis in very case of alleged uric acid lithiasis in young children.
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39
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Gyöngyössi G, Kelentey B, Kelenhegyi M. [Serum and urine lysozyme determination in subrenal uremia]. Orv Hetil 1979; 120:325-8. [PMID: 85288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Krikun AS. [Phosphofructokinase activity in the serum and urine in patients with urolithiasis]. SOVETSKAIA MEDITSINA 1977:142-4. [PMID: 146918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Van Acker KJ, Simmonds HA, Cameron JS. Complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase: report of a family. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 76A:295-305. [PMID: 855710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4223-6_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Simmonds HA, Van Acker KJ, Cameron JS, Snedden W. The identification of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, a new component of urinary stones. Biochem J 1976; 157:485-7. [PMID: 962876 PMCID: PMC1163876 DOI: 10.1042/bj1570485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stones passed by a child homozygous for a deficiency of the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase have been identified by u.v., i.r. and mass spectrometry as 2,8-dihydroxyadenine.
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43
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Debray H, Cartier P, Temstet A, Cendron J. Child's urinary lithiasis revealing a complete deficit in adenine phosphoribosyl transferase. Pediatr Res 1976; 10:762-6. [PMID: 7766 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-197608000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In one case of a urinary lithiasis, termed "uric lithiasis" on biochemical examination, the authors describe the symptomatology of a child with a complete deficit in adenine phosphoribosyl transferase. After more intensive investigation the calculi have been found to be composed of a new clinical compound: 2,8-hydroxyadenine.
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Campanacci L, Guarnieri GF, Faccini L, Bellini G, Carretta R. [Renal clearance of lysozyme in various kidney diseases]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1975; 51:1760-6. [PMID: 1231851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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Campanacci L, Guarnieri GF, Faccini L, Bellini G, Carretta R. [Renal clearance of malate dehydrogenase in various kidney diseases]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1975; 51:1767-72. [PMID: 1231852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Campanacci L, Guarnieri GF, Faccini L, Bellini G, Carretta R. [Urinary excretion of alpha-glucosidase in various kidney diseases]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1975; 51:1773-8. [PMID: 1231853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Eisenkraft C, Gaist L, Rubinstein J, Menache R. Proceedings: Acid and alkaline urinary inorganic pyrophosphatase in the formation of calcium-containing urinary calculi. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 1975; 11:1226-7. [PMID: 1205831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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48
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Kawamura T. [The experimental and clinical studies on the urinary calculi with the special reference to the metabolism of uric acid. Report III: cause of primary hyperuricemia; in particular, basic study of primary hyperuricemia due to disorder to the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (author's transl)]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1975; 66:672-82. [PMID: 1240544 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol1928.66.10_672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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49
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Ceriotti G, Guarnieri GF. [Diagnostic value of determination of urinary enzymes]. QUADERNI SCLAVO DI DIAGNOSTICA CLINICA E DI LABORATORIO 1975; 11:103-21. [PMID: 1153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Criteria to be followed, according to the AA., when choosing urinary enzymes to be determined for the evaluation of the anatomical and fuctional situation of kidney, are discussed. These criteria are essentially based on the localization of these enzymes in the organism and on their molecular dimensions. The behaviour of some enzymes, more or less strictly adhering to these criteria, is considered, in relation to glomerular or tubular disfunctions or to parenchimatous lesions. The present and future possibilities of this kind of approach for the analysis of renal alterations are evaluated.
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50
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Prát V. [Experimental urinary tract infection and urolithiasis (author's transl)]. CASOPIS LEKARU CESKYCH 1974; 113:1603-5. [PMID: 4447970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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