476
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Norman AR, Chau I, Iveson T, Hill M, Hickish T, Lofts F, Jodrell D, Shellito P, Oates J, Cunningham D. Longitudinal quality of life (QoL) and quality adjusted survival (QAS) in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing bolus (24 weeks) vs. protracted venous infusion (PVI 12 weeks) 5-FU as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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477
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Stewart G, Chau I, Norman AR, Katopodis O, Topham C, Middleton G, Hill M, Ross P, Oates J, Cunningham D. Elderly patients with fluoropyrimidine-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) derive similar benefit without excessive toxicity when treated with irinotecan monotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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478
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Starling N, Chau I, Norman AR, Tait D, Iveson T, Hill M, Hickish T, Lofts F, Jodrell D, Cunningham D. A randomised comparison between six months of bolus fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) and twelve weeks of protracted venous infusion (PVI) 5-FU as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer: An update with 5 years' follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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479
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Vrbíková J, Hill M, Dvoráková K, Stanická S, Vondra K, Stárka L. Flutamide Suppresses Adrenal Steroidogenesis but Has No Effect on Insulin Resistance and Secretion and Lipid Levels in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2004; 58:36-41. [PMID: 15087595 DOI: 10.1159/000077827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluate the effects of 2 months of treatment with 250 mg flutamide daily on adrenal steroidogenesis (ACTH test) and metabolic parameters (lipids, insulin resistance) in 12 PCOS women aged 33.8 +/- 7.5 years and with a BMI of 33.6 +/- 4.2 kg/m2. Significant decreases in basal DHEA-S (p < 0.0001), DHEA (p < 0.01) and androstenedione (p < 0.05), in the ACTH-stimulated levels of DHEA-S (p < 0.0001), testosterone (p < 0.05) and in ACTH-stimulated 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.01) were observed. No significant change in basal blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides or in insulin resistance, as estimated by the insulin tolerance test, was found. Flutamide is effective in reducing adrenal androgen production in overweight women, but has no effect on lipid spectrum or on insulin resistance.
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480
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Potocnik S, Hill M. INVOLVEMENT OF CHOLESTEROL-RICH MEMBRANE DOMAINS IN THE ARTERIOLAR MYOGENIC RESPONSE. Cardiovasc Pathol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2004.03.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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481
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Zofková I, Zajicková K, Hill M. Postmenopausal serum androstenedione levels are associated with the calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism T1377c. A pilot study. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 27:442-4. [PMID: 15279076 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that homeostasis of sex-steroids is related to the calcitonin receptor (CALCR) genotype. To determine the CALCR genotype PCR amplification followed by digestion with Alul restriction enzyme were carried out according to Nakamura et al. Indeed, a single nucleotide difference at position 1377 of cDNA generates two alleles (CC genotype or TT genotype). Serum estradiol, testosterone and their precursors androstendione (AD) and DHEA levels were estimated in a cohort of 113 postmenopausal women. While serum DHEA levels did not differ between the individual allele combinations, AD levels as well as AD/DHEA ratio were higher in carriers of TC and CC genotypes than those with TT genotype (p<0.05 and p<0.02, respectively, ANCOVA). We postulate that the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is associated with C allele at least in C19 steroids. The data correspond with the functionality of CALCR.
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482
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Farley∗ J, Borwein S, Wang P, Nevin A, Shen X, Bekedam C, Mock V, Hill M. International Infection Control Internship Fruitful for Both Student and Hospital. Am J Infect Control 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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483
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Townsend RJ, Hill M, Harris NR, White NM. Modelling of particle paths passing through an ultrasonic standing wave. ULTRASONICS 2004; 42:319-24. [PMID: 15047305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Within an ultrasonic standing wave particles experience acoustic radiation forces causing agglomeration at the nodal planes of the wave. The technique can be used to agglomerate, suspend, or manipulate particles within a flow. To control agglomeration rate it is important to balance forces on the particles and, in the case where a fluid/particle mix flows across the applied acoustic field, it is also necessary to optimise fluid flow rate. To investigate the acoustic and fluid forces in such a system a particle model has been developed, extending an earlier model used to characterise the 1-dimensional field in a layered resonator. In order to simulate fluid drag forces, CFD software has been used to determine the velocity profile of the fluid/particle mix passing through the acoustic device. The profile is then incorporated into a MATLAB model. Based on particle force components, a numerical approach has been used to determine particle paths. Using particle coordinates, both particle concentration across the fluid channel and concentration through multiple outlets are calculated. Such an approach has been used to analyse the operation of a microfluidic flow-through separator, which uses a half wavelength standing wave across the main channel of the device. This causes particles to converge near the axial plane of the channel, delivering high and low particle concentrated flow through two outlets, respectively. By extending the model to analyse particle separation over a frequency range, it is possible to identify the resonant frequencies of the device and associated separation performance. This approach will also be used to improve the geometric design of the microengineered fluid channels, where the particle model can determine the limiting fluid flow rate for separation to occur, the value of which is then applied to a CFD model of the device geometry.
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484
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Boltryk P, Hill M, Keary A, Phillips B, Robinson H, White P. An ultrasonic transducer array for velocity measurement in underwater vehicles. ULTRASONICS 2004; 42:473-478. [PMID: 15047331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2003.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A correlation velocity log (CVL) is an ultrasonic navigation aid for marine applications, in which velocity is estimated using an acoustic transmitter and a receiver array. CVLs offer advantages over Doppler velocity logs (DVLs) in many autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications, since they can achieve high accuracy at low velocities even during hover manoeuvres. DVLs require narrow beam widths, whilst ideal CVL transmitters have wide beam widths. This gives CVLs the potential to use lower frequencies thus permitting operation in deeper water, reducing power requirements for the same depth, or allowing the use of smaller transducers. Moving patterns in the wavefronts across a 2D receiver array are detected by calculating correlation coefficients between bottom reflections from consecutive transmitted pulses, across all combinations of receiver pairings. The position of the peak correlation value, on a surface representing receiver-pairing separations, is proportional to the vessel's displacement between pulses. A CVL aimed primarily for AUVs has been developed. Its acoustical and signal processing design has been optimised through sea trials and computer modelling of the sound field. This computer model is also used to predict how the distribution of the correlation coefficients varies with distance from the peak position. Current work seeks to increase the resolution of the peak estimate using surface fitting methods. Numerical simulations suggest that peak estimation methods significantly improve system precision when compared with simply identifying the position of the maximum correlation coefficient in the dataset. The peak position may be estimated by fitting a quadratic model to the measured data using least squares or maximum likelihood estimation. Alternatively, radial basis functions and Gaussian processes successfully predict the peak position despite variation between individual correlation datasets. This paper summarises the CVL's main acoustical features and signal processing techniques and includes results of sea trials using the device.
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485
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Harris N, Hill M, Shen Y, Townsend RJ, Beeby S, White N. A dual frequency, ultrasonic, microengineered particle manipulator. ULTRASONICS 2004; 42:139-144. [PMID: 15047275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2004.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic standing waves can be used to generate forces on particles within a fluid. Recent work has concentrated on developing devices that manipulate the particles so that they are concentrated near the centre of the cavity. It is also possible to design a device that concentrates the particles at the wall of a cavity. This paper describes a device that has the capability of operating in several modes to allow concentration of particles at either the cavity wall or the centre of the cavity, depending on the driving frequency.
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486
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Ringman JM, Diaz-Olavarrieta C, Rodriguez Y, Chavez M, Paz F, Murrell J, Macias MA, Hill M, Kawas C. Female preclinical presenilin-1 mutation carriers unaware of their genetic status have higher levels of depression than their non-mutation carrying kin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:500-2. [PMID: 14966176 PMCID: PMC1738985 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2002.005025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study depressive symptoms in preclinical presenilin-1 (PS1) related Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Participants were 33 Mexican women at risk for inheriting PS1 mutations who were not demented. They were interviewed, underwent cognitive testing, and completed the Beck depression inventory (BDI). PS1 mutation status was determined. Mean BDI scores were compared between PS1 mutation carriers and non-carriers. The percentage of subjects who reported seeing a psychiatric professional, and the percentage complaining of memory loss were compared between groups. Regression analysis was used to determine whether mutation status predicted BDI scores after adjusting for age, education, mini-mental state examination, and subjective memory function. RESULTS PS1 mutation carriers (n = 17) scored significantly higher than non-carriers (n = 16) on the BDI (mean score, 14.4 v 6.5, p = 0.017); 24% of mutation carriers and 12.5% of non-carriers admitted having sought help from a psychiatric professional (NS). Mutation status remained a significant predictor of BDI scores after adjusting for potential covariates. Though not demented, mutation carriers tended to score lower than non-carriers on several neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms can occur early in the course of PS1 related Alzheimer's disease, at least in women. This supports the hypothesis that depression may occur as a direct result of the neuropathology underlying Alzheimer's disease.
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487
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Millan MJ, Di Cara B, Hill M, Jackson M, Joyce JN, Brotchie J, McGuire S, Crossman A, Smith L, Jenner P, Gobert A, Peglion JL, Brocco M. S32504, a novel naphtoxazine agonist at dopamine D3/D2 receptors: II. Actions in rodent, primate, and cellular models of antiparkinsonian activity in comparison to ropinirole. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309:921-35. [PMID: 14978195 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.062414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies evaluated the potential antiparkinsonian properties of the novel dopamine D(3)/D(2) receptor agonist S32504 [(+)-trans-3,4,4a,5,6, 10b-hexahydro-9-carbamoyl-4-propyl-2H-naphth[1,2-b]-1,4-oxazine] in comparison with those of the clinically employed agonist ropinirole. In rats with a unilateral, 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra, S32504 (0.0025-0.04 mg/kg, s.c.) more potently elicited contralateral rotation than S32601 [(-)-trans-3,4,4a,5,6, 10b-hexahydro-9-carbamoyl-4-propyl-2H-naphth-[1,2-b]-1,4-oxazine (its less active enantiomer)], ropinirole, and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Rotation elicited by S32504 was blocked by the D(2)/D(3) receptor antagonists haloperidol and raclopride and by the D(2) antagonist L741,626 [4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ol], but not by the D(3) antagonist S33084 [(3aR,9bS)-N-[4-(8-cyano-1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-3H-benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-yl)-butyl]-(4-phenyl)benzamide]. As assessed by dialysis in both lesioned and nonlesioned animals, S32504 (0.04-2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced striatal levels of acetylcholine. This effect was blocked by raclopride, haloperidol, and L741,626 but not S33084. In rats treated with reserpine, hypolocomotion was reversed by S32504 and, less potently, by ropinirole. In "unprimed" marmosets treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, both s.c. (0.01-0.04 mg/kg) and p.o. (0.04-1.25 mg/kg) administration of S32504 dose-dependently and rapidly (within 10 min) increased locomotor activity and reduced disability. Furthermore, S32504 dose-dependently reversed bradykinesia and improved posture in "L-DOPA-primed" animals, whereas eliciting less pronounced dyskinesia than l-DOPA. Finally, in terminally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells presenting a dopaminergic phenotype, S32504, but not S32601, abrogated the neurotoxic effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, an action inhibited by raclopride and S33084 but not L741,626. Ropinirole was weakly neuroprotective in this model. In conclusion, S32504 displays potent and stereospecific activity in rodent, primate, and cellular models of antiparkinsonian properties. Although activation of D(2) receptors is crucial to the motor actions of S32504, engagement of D(3) receptors contributes to its neuroprotective properties.
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488
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Vrbíková J, Stanická S, Dvoráková K, Hill M, Vondra K, Bendlová B, Stárka L. Metabolic and endocrine effects of treatment with peroral or transdermal oestrogens in conjunction with peroral cyproterone acetate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150:215-23. [PMID: 14763920 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the influence of transdermal and peroral oestrogen treatments in conjunction with cyproterone acetate (CPA) on metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four women with PCOS, aged 25.4+/-4.3 (mean+/-s.d.) years, body mass index 24.5+/-3.9 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to receive either transdermal oestradiol plus CPA (n=12) or a peroral oestradiol-CPA combination (n=12). Before and after 3 months of treatment, basal blood samples, euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry and arginine tests were performed. ANOVA and Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS After peroral oestradiol-CPA, insulin sensitivity (P<0.004) and the disposition index as the function of insulin sensitivity and secretion (P<0.0001) decreased significantly. Fasting insulin (P<0.05), cholesterol (P<0.05), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05) and sex-hormone binding globulin (P<0.0001) increased significantly. Dehydroepiandrosterone (P<0.05) and 17-OH progesterone (P<0.01) decreased significantly. After transdermal oestradiol+CPA, no significant changes were observed in sex-hormone binding globulin and androgen concentrations, insulin sensitivity or disposition index. CONCLUSIONS In women with PCOS, peroral oestrogens (at doses common in combined oral contraceptives) led to a significant impairment in insulin secretion and action. In contrast, the transdermal application of oestrogens did not significantly influence insulin sensitivity.
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489
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Adams GGW, Clark BJ, Fang S, Hill M. Retinal haemorrhages in an infant following RetCam screening for retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2004; 18:652-3. [PMID: 14716332 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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490
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Klak J, Hill M, Parízek A, Havlíková H, Bicíková M, Hampl R, Fait T, Sulcová J, Pouzar V, Kancheva R, Stárka L. Pregnanolone isomers, pregnenolone and their polar conjugates around parturition. Physiol Res 2004; 52:211-21. [PMID: 12678664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of four pregnanolone isomers and their polar conjugates and pregnenolone sulfate were measured in the plasma of 13 and 7 women at delivery with subarachnoidal and epidural analgesia, respectively, and in corresponding samples of umbilical plasma using a simple quadrupole GC/MS system with electron impact ionization (pregnenolone isomers), RIA following HPLC separation (pregnenolone) and specific RIA (pregnanolone sulfate). The concentration of epipregnanolone (3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) in both maternal and umbilical plasma was much lower than that of other pregnanolone isomers. The levels of 3beta-hydroxy-pregnanolone isomers were significantly higher in the umbilical plasma than in the maternal, while the differences in 3alpha-hydroxy-isomers were insignificant. The differences in conjugates were insignificant with the exception of allopregnanolone, the levels of which were lower in umbilical plasma. In all the pregnanolone isomers, a significantly lower conjugated/unconjugated steroid ratio was found in the umbilical plasma than in the maternal plasma. In addition, time profiles of the steroids were measured around parturition and in the postpartum period in the maternal serum. Similarly, the levels of polar conjugates of all pregnanolone isomers were followed during parturition. Changes in concentrations of free steroids exhibited a similar pattern, with a fall primarily within the first hour after delivery. The decrease in conjugated steroids was shifted to the interval within the first hour and first day after delivery, and the changes were more pronounced. The time profiles of the conjugated/free steroid ratio exhibited a significant decrease within the first hour and the first day after delivery in all of the isomers investigated. A decrease was also observed in the ratio of 3alpha/3beta-isomers and 5alpha/5beta-isomers around parturition. The possible physiological consequences of the findings are indicated.
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491
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Bárová H, Perusicová J, Hill M, Sterzl I, Vondra K, Masek Z. Anti-GAD-positive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis than anti-GAD-negative patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Res 2004; 53:279-86. [PMID: 15209535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate antibodies against thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) - markers of autoimmune thyroiditis - in several groups of adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We were particularly interested whether the presence of thyroid antibodies is related to the positivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD). We found elevated anti-GAD in 46 % (97/210) patients with type 1 DM. All patients with type 2 diabetes were anti-GAD-negative. At least one thyroid antibody (anti-TG and/or anti-TPO) was found in 30 % (62/210) patients with type 1 DM and 27 % (22/83) type 2 diabetes patients. The patients with type 1 DM were further grouped according to their anti-GAD status. The anti-GAD-positive patients had a higher prevalence of anti-TG antibodies than the anti-GAD-negative patients (25 % vs. 12 %, p=0.03) as well as anti-TPO antibodies (32 % vs. 12 %, p<0.001). At least one thyroid antibody was detected in 39 % (38/97) of anti-GAD-positive but only in 21 % (24/113) of anti-GAD-negative patients with type 1 DM (p=0.006). No significant difference in the frequency of thyroid antibodies was found between anti-GAD-negative patients with type 1 and type 2 DM (21 % vs. 27 %, p=0.4). The groups with or without thyroid antibodies in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients did not differ in actual age, the age at diabetes onset, duration of diabetes, body mass index or HbA1c level. Patients with elevated thyroid antibodies had significantly higher levels of TSH than those without thyroid antibodies (1.86 vs. 3.22 mIU/l, p=0.04 in type 1 DM; 2.06 vs. 4.89 mIU/l, p=0.003 in type 2 DM). We conclude that there is a higher frequency of thyroid-specific antibodies in anti-GAD-positive adult patients with type 1 DM than in anti-GAD-negative patients or in patients with type 2 DM. Patients with or without thyroid antibodies do not differ in age, DM onset and duration, BMI or HbA1c. Thyroid antibodies-positive patients have higher levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
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492
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Matejková-Behanová M, Vanková M, Hill M, Kucera P, Cinek O, Andel M, Bendlová B. Polymorphism of INS VNTR is associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and postprandial C-peptide in patients with onset of diabetes after 35 years of age. Physiol Res 2004; 53:187-90. [PMID: 15046555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Variability in the number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene (INS VNTR) is probably involved in the genetic regulation of insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of INS VNTR polymorphism with the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and C-peptide levels in patients with the onset of diabetes after 35 years of age. We investigated 117 patients, median of age 63 (range 40-83) years, median of diabetes duration 8 (range 1-30) years; 31 GADA-positive and 86 GADA-negative subjects. INS VNTR polymorphism was typed indirectly using - 23HphI (T/A) polymorphism, which is in complete linkage disequilibrium with INS VNTR. The I/I, I/III and III/III genotypes were found in 22 (71 %), 8 (26 %), 1 (3 %) GADA-positive individuals and in 39 (45 %), 35 (41 %), 12 (14 %) GADA-negative individuals, respectively. The Class I allele and the genotype I/I were significantly associated with the presence of GADA (OR=2.72, CI 95 %=1.29-5.73 and OR=2.95, CI 95 %=1.22-7.13). The presence of Class III allele was significantly associated with a higher level of postprandial C-peptide in GADA-positive subjects, even when regarding the duration of diabetes. Our results of INS VNTR polymorphism in patients with the onset of diabetes after 35 years of age confirm the association of Class I INS VNTR with autoimmune diabetes and the protective effect of Class III INS VNTR on the insulin secretion in GADA-positive subjects.
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493
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Dusková M, Cermáková I, Hill M, Vanková M, Sámalíková P, Stárka L. What may be the markers of the male equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome? Physiol Res 2004; 53:287-94. [PMID: 15209536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women (with a prevalence of 5-10 %), is characterized by hormonal and metabolic imbalance. Complexity of symptoms of close relatives of women with PCOS and genetic autosomal trait initiated a hypothesis about the existence of a male equivalent of PCOS. Premature alopecia was suggested as one of the signs of a male phenotype of this syndrome. The present study investigated a group of 30 men, in which premature hair loss started before 30 years of age. In all patients, their hormonal profile was determined. It was possible to form two subgroups. The first one showed similar hormonal changes as women with PCOS, the other had either no anomalies in steroid spectrum or just only lower level of sexual hormones binding globulin (SHBG). Both subgroups did not differ in either BMI or age. In all men with premature alopecia insulin tolerance test was also carried out and the occurrence of allele 3 INS VNTR was investigated, which is one of the candidate genes for PCOS. The subgroup with hormonal changes resembling those of women with PCOS showed a significantly higher insulin resistance than the group without these changes. About one third of the premature balding men showed the combination of hormonal shifts and higher insulin resistance. This frequency corresponds to the prevalence of PCOS in women. There was no significant difference between the two subgroups in the occurrence of allele 3 INS VNTR.
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494
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Hill M, Kehr G, Erker G, Kataeva O, Fröhlich R. Formation of a bifunctional zirconocene complex that favours intramolecular –B(C6F5)2addition to a Cp ring over σ-ligand abstraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:1020-1. [PMID: 15069524 DOI: 10.1039/b400228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diphenyl-ansa-zirconocene complex 2 adds HB(C6F5)2 at the C=C double bond of its pendent Cp-allyl functional group to yield 3. During 3 days at room temperature the -B(C6F5)2 group takes part in an electrophilic substitution reaction at the adjacent Cp-ring to form 5 with formation of one equivalent of benzene. Complex 5 was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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495
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496
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Matějková-Běhanová M, Vaňková M, Hill M, Kučera P, Cinek O, Anděl M, Bendlová B. Polymorphism of INS VNTR is associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and postprandial C-peptide in patients with diabetes onset after 35 years of age. Physiol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in the number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene (INS VNTR) is probably involved in the genetic regulation of insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of INS VNTR polymorphism with the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and C-peptide levels in patients with the onset of diabetes after 35 years of age. We investigated 117 patients, median of age 63 (range 40-83) years, median of diabetes duration 8 (range 1-30) years; 31 GADA-positive and 86 GADA-negative subjects. INS VNTR polymorphism was typed indirectly using - 23HphI (T/A) polymorphism, which is in complete linkage disequilibrium with INS VNTR. The I/I, I/III and III/III genotypes were found in 22 (71 %), 8 (26 %), 1 (3 %) GADA-positive individuals and in 39 (45 %), 35 (41 %), 12 (14 %) GADA-negative individuals, respectively. The Class I allele and the genotype I/I were significantly associated with the presence of GADA (OR=2.72, CI 95 %=1.29-5.73 and OR=2.95, CI 95 %=1.22-7.13). The presence of Class III allele was significantly associated with a higher level of postprandial C-peptide in GADA-positive subjects, even when regarding the duration of diabetes. Our results of INS VNTR polymorphism in patients with the onset of diabetes after 35 years of age confirm the association of Class I INS VNTR with autoimmune diabetes and the protective effect of Class III INS VNTR on the insulin secretion in GADA-positive subjects.
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Bárová H, Perušičová J, Hill M, Šterzl I, Vondra K, Mašek Z. Anti-GAD-positive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis than anti-GAD-negative patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate antibodies against thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) - markers of autoimmune thyroiditis - in several groups of adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We were particularly interested whether the presence of thyroid antibodies is related to the positivity of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD). We found elevated anti-GAD in 46 % (97/210) patients with type 1 DM. All patients with type 2 diabetes were anti-GAD-negative. At least one thyroid antibody (anti-TG and/or anti-TPO) was found in 30 % (62/210) patients with type 1 DM and 27 % (22/83) type 2 diabetes patients. The patients with type 1 DM were further grouped according to their anti-GAD status. The anti-GAD-positive patients had a higher prevalence of anti-TG antibodies than the anti-GAD-negative patients (25 % vs. 12 %, p=0.03) as well as anti-TPO antibodies (32 % vs. 12 %, p<0.001). At least one thyroid antibody was detected in 39 % (38/97) of anti-GAD-positive but only in 21 % (24/113) of anti-GAD-negative patients with type 1 DM (p=0.006). No significant difference in the frequency of thyroid antibodies was found between anti-GAD-negative patients with type 1 and type 2 DM (21 % vs. 27 %, p=0.4). The groups with or without thyroid antibodies in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients did not differ in actual age, the age at diabetes onset, duration of diabetes, body mass index or HbA1c level. Patients with elevated thyroid antibodies had significantly higher levels of TSH than those without thyroid antibodies (1.86 vs. 3.22 mIU/l, p=0.04 in type 1 DM; 2.06 vs. 4.89 mIU/l, p=0.003 in type 2 DM). We conclude that there is a higher frequency of thyroid-specific antibodies in anti-GAD-positive adult patients with type 1 DM than in anti-GAD-negative patients or in patients with type 2 DM. Patients with or without thyroid antibodies do not differ in age, DM onset and duration, BMI or HbA1c. Thyroid antibodies-positive patients have higher levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
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498
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), a common complication of long-term progressive muscle disease in children and adults, is currently unclear. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine the most appropriate intervention for dysphagia in people with chronic, untreatable, non-inflammatory muscle disease. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group trials register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (from January 1966 to Week 2 June 2003), EMBASE (from January 1980 to Week 2 June 2003), AMED (from January 1985 to Week 2 June 2003), LILACS (from January 1982 to June 21 2003) and CINAHL (from January 1982 to Week 2 June 2003) and contacted authors of published studies and other experts. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of adults and children with chronic untreatable non-inflammatory muscle disease. The interventions under review included dietary modification, swallowing manoeuvres, a range of surgical interventions and enteral feeding. Our primary outcome was stabilisation of previously documented progressive weight loss not attributable to any other cause or weight gain of at least 5 kg in adults or increase in weight to at least the 10th centile in children, maintained for at least six months following the intervention. Secondary outcomes were: reduction in laryngeal penetration of bolus and/or aspiration observed on videofluoroscopy (modified barium swallow), reduction in chest infections attributable to aspiration over a six-month period, improvement in quality of life using a validated rating scale, the proportion of subjects who refused the intervention, the proportion of carers who refused the intervention, and serious adverse events related to the intervention within the first twelve months after intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We identified no randomised controlled trials. We identified seven case series reporting the results of surgical intervention for moderate to severe dysphagia, and one reporting on the outcome of feeding advice and enteral feeding in children with a congenital myopathy. MAIN RESULTS No studies were found that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Therefore it was not possible to determine the benefit or otherwise of surgical intervention (cricopharyngeal myotomy or upper oesophageal dilatation) for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy or other chronic progressive muscle diseases, and dietary advice or enteral feeding for children with congenital myopathy, compared with no intervention or an alternative intervention. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS There are no trials that have adequately evaluated treatments in the management of dysphagia for chronic muscle disease. It is therefore not possible to decide on the most appropriate treatment for a given individual based on current evidence.
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499
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Dušková M, Čermáková I, Hill M, Vaňková M, Šámalíková P, Stárka L. What may be the markers of the male equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome? Physiol Res 2004. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women (with a prevalence of 5-10 %), is characterized by hormonal and metabolic imbalance. Complexity of symptoms of close relatives of women with PCOS and genetic autosomal trait initiated a hypothesis about the existence of a male equivalent of PCOS. Premature alopecia was suggested as one of the signs of a male phenotype of this syndrome. The present study investigated a group of 30 men, in which premature hair loss started before 30 years of age. In all patients, their hormonal profile was determined. It was possible to form two subgroups. The first one showed similar hormonal changes as women with PCOS, the other had either no anomalies in steroid spectrum or just only lower level of sexual hormones binding globulin (SHBG). Both subgroups did not differ in either BMI or age. In all men with premature alopecia insulin tolerance test was also carried out and the occurrence of allele 3 INS VNTR was investigated, which is one of the candidate genes for PCOS. The subgroup with hormonal changes resembling those of women with PCOS showed a significantly higher insulin resistance than the group without these changes. About one third of the premature balding men showed the combination of hormonal shifts and higher insulin resistance. This frequency corresponds to the prevalence of PCOS in women. There was no significant difference between the two subgroups in the occurrence of allele 3 INS VNTR.
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500
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Pilcová R, Sulcová J, Hill M, Bláha P, Lisá L. Leptin levels in obese children: effects of gender, weight reduction and androgens. Physiol Res 2003; 52:53-60. [PMID: 12625807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in children is accompanied by increased circulating leptin concentrations. Girls have higher leptin concentrations than boys. The aim of our study was to compare serum leptin levels before and after a five-week weight reduction program and to study the relationship of leptin levels, serum total cholesterol, and androgens (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) in 33 obese boys (age: 12.7+/-1.97 years, BMI: 30.46+/-4.54) and 66 obese girls (age: 12.7+/-2.51 years, BMI: 29.31+/-4.62). We found that serum leptin concentrations in obese children were significantly decreased after a weight reduction program (before 20.79+/-9.61 ng/ml, after 13.50+/-8.65 ng/ml in girls; before 12.25+/-10.09 ng/ml and after 5.18+/-3.56 ng/ml in boys, p<0.0001 in both genders). Leptin levels correlated positively with the body mass index before and after weight reduction. There was a positive association in obese boys and a negative one in obese girls between leptin levels and the WHR (waist to hip circumference ratio). Serum leptin also shows a strong relationship to fat distribution (p=0.02 in boys, p<0.0001 in girls). No significant correlation was found between leptin concentrations and total cholesterol or androgens. We confirmed that leptin is a sensitive parameter of body composition and weight reduction in obese children.
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