476
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Schreiber M, Fogelfeld L, Souroujon MC, Kohen F, Fuchs S. Antibodies to spiroperidol and their anti-idiotypes as probes for studying dopamine receptors. Life Sci 1983; 33:1519-26. [PMID: 6621255 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Spiroperidol was covalently conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Conjugated spiroperidol was almost as efficient as free spiroperidol in its binding capacity to dopamine receptor. Antibodies to spiroperidol were produced in rabbits following repeated immunizations with the conjugate of spiroperidol and BSA. The obtained antibodies have an apparent KD of 0.02 nM for [3H]-spiroperidol. These antibodies bind also to other butyrophenones with IC50 values three to four orders of magnitude higher than the IC50 obtained with unlabeled spiroperidol. Antibodies were purified from anti-spiroperidol sera by affinity chromatography. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with the purified anti-spiroperidol antibodies. Some rabbits produced anti-idiotypic antibodies which bind to rat and calf striatum.
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477
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Goldberg G, Mochly-Rosen D, Fuchs S, Lass Y. Monoclonal antibodies modify acetylcholine-induced ionic channel properties in cultured chick myoballs. J Membr Biol 1983; 76:123-8. [PMID: 6315946 DOI: 10.1007/bf02000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against the cholinergic binding site of the acetylcholine receptor were found to alter the ion channel properties in cultured chick "myoballs." Time and dose dependent reduction in acetylcholine sensitivity was observed. Noise analysis experiments indicated a decrease in the mean single channel conductance and an increase in the mean single channel open time.
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478
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Pizzighella S, Gordon AS, Souroujon MC, Mochly-Rosen D, Sharp A, Fuchs S. An anti-acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibody cross-reacts with phosvitin. FEBS Lett 1983; 159:246-50. [PMID: 6192017 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit and mouse anti-Torpedo acetylcholine receptor antibodies cross-reacted partially with the highly phosphorylated protein, phosvitin. We have selected an anti-Torpedo acetylcholine receptor monoclonal antibody which binds specifically to phosvitin; this binding is inhibited by acetylcholine receptor. These findings suggest that a phosphorylated amino acid residue may be a part of the determinant on the acetylcholine receptor recognized by this monoclonal antibody.
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479
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Souroujon MC, Mochly-Rosen D, Gordon AS, Fuchs S. Interaction of monoclonal antibodies to Torpedo acetylcholine receptor with the receptor of skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 1983; 6:303-11. [PMID: 6866010 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several monoclonal antibodies (mcAbs) elicited against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from Torpedo react also with skeletal muscle AChR. Such mcAbs were used to define antigenic determinants on muscle AChR and to elucidate their effect on muscle AChR functions. Primary chick muscle cultures were used as a model for skeletal muscle. Of the four mcAbs studies only mcAb 5.5, which is directed against the cholinergic site in Torpedo AChR, blocks the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) to AChR in chick muscle cultures and inhibits carbamylcholine-induced sodium transport in these cells. The interaction of mcAb 5.5 with the cholinergic site on muscle AChR demonstrates the conservation of this site. Two mcAbs, 5.5 and 5.34, each of a different antigenic specificity but both directed against conformation-dependent antigenic determinants, accelerate the degradation of AChR in muscle cultures. From the reactivity of the various mcAbs with Triton-solubilized and membranous AChR it appears that there are some antigenic differences between the detergent solubilized and membranous forms of the receptor.
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480
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Sherman-Gold R, Dudai Y, Fogelfeld L, Fuchs S. Production of a high affinity antiserum to benzodiazepines. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY 1983; 4:135-46. [PMID: 6886014 DOI: 10.1080/15321818308057006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies specific for benzodiazepines were raised in rabbits by immunization with a conjugate of a benzodiazepine derivative, Ro 7-1986/1, with bovine serum albumin. The presence of anti-Ro 7-1986/1 antibodies in the sera was demonstrated by a radioimmunoassay using the radioligand [3H]flunitrazepam ([3h]FNZ). The antibodies displayed a high-affinity for [3H]FNZ (KD = 0.073 +/- 0.003 nM) and and cross-reacted with a broad spectrum of benzodiazepine derivatives. Benzodiazepine levels in samples of sera and urine of benzodiazepine-treated humans were determined. Due to the high sensitivity of the assay only minute volumes (microliter quantities) of body fluids are employed and, therefore, no extraction of the drugs is required. Nitrazepam and diazepam levels as low as 20 picograms can be easily observed. Intoxicating levels of benzodiazepines can be detected by a single measurement in less than 10 min. This radioimmunoassay is advantageous for pharmacokinetic studies, toxicological examinations and forensic medicine due to its high sensitivity, wide-range specificity and technical simplicity.
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481
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Fuchs S, Ladurner G, Lechner H. Hyperkinesien bei zerebralen Durchblutungsstörungen. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 1982. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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482
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Soreq H, Bartfeld D, Parvari R, Fuchs S. Increase in the translatable mRNA for acetylcholine receptor during embryonic development of Torpedo ocellata electric organ. FEBS Lett 1982; 139:32-40. [PMID: 6122602 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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483
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Fuchs S, Bartfeld D, Mochly-Rosen D, Souroujon M, Feingold C. Acetylcholine receptor: molecular dissection and monoclonal antibodies in the study of experimental myasthenia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981; 377:110-24. [PMID: 6176165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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484
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Mochly-Rosen D, Fuchs S. Monoclonal anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibodies directed against the cholinergic binding site. Biochemistry 1981; 20:5920-4. [PMID: 7295707 DOI: 10.1021/bi00523a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated 32 hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. One of these lines, designated 5.5.G.12, secretes antibodies which are directed against the cholinergic binding site of the acetylcholine receptor. This specific antibody blocked the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to the acetylcholine receptor. The binding of monoclonal antibody 5.5.G.12 to acetylcholine receptor was inhibited by alpha-neurotoxins and by other cholinergic ligands in accordance with their affinities to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. None of the other monoclonal antibodies obtained inhibited the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptor, nor was their binding to the acetylcholine receptor inhibited by cholinergic ligands. The monoclonal antibody elicited against the binding site of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor bound also to acetylcholine receptors of various species and organs, demonstrating the wide structural homology between the cholinergic sites of various acetylcholine receptors.
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485
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Fuchs S, Schmidt-Hopfeld I, Tridente G, Tarrab-Hazdai R. Thymic lymphocytes bear a surface antigen which cross-reacts with acetylcholine receptor. Nature 1980; 287:162-4. [PMID: 7001247 DOI: 10.1038/287162a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a major antigen in the neuromuscular disease myasthenia gravis and it is clear today that the basic defect in this disease is brought about by an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions. The involvement of the thymus and its role in myasthenia have been widely investigated but are still poorly understood. A high incidence of thymic abnormalities is observed in patients with myasthenia and thymectomy is beneficial in many cases. Immunological studies have demonstrated the presence of humoral as well as cellular immune responses towards thymic tissues in myasthenic patients. There were also some reports that animals immunized with thymic extracts develop a partial defect in neuromuscular transmission. In spite of all these observations, the nature and origin of the association between the thymus and the neuromuscular junction in myasthenia gravis are still not known. We have previously demonstrated an immunological cross-reactivity, both humoral and cellular, between a thymic component and AChR; such a cross-reactivity could provide a molecular explanation for the involvement of the thymus in myasthenia gravis. In this study, we demonstrate, by using immunofluorescence and radioimmunological techniques, that thymic lymphocytes bear a surface antigen which binds specifically to antibodies against nicotinic AChR and is thus defined as an 'AChR-like' antigen. A preliminary report of this study has been published.
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486
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Tarrab-Hazdai R, Schmidt-Sole Y, Mochly-Rosen D, Fuchs S. Modification of acetylcholine receptor: chemical and immunological characterization of polyalanyl acetylcholine receptor. FEBS Lett 1980; 118:35-8. [PMID: 6157569 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)81212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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487
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Fuchs S, Bartfeld D, Eshhar Z, Feingold C, Mochly-Rosen D, Novick D, Schwartz M, Tarrab-Hazdai R. Immune regulation of experimental myasthenia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43:634-43. [PMID: 7400824 PMCID: PMC490630 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.43.7.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) is an appropriate model for studying the molecular origin, immunological mechanism and regulation of myasthenia gravis. Several approaches are being utilised for the regulation of the immune response to AChR and for immunosuppression of EAMG: Corticosteriods and azathioprine can suppress EAMG concomitantly with suppression of immune responses to AChR. High dose cyclophosphamide treatment in mice facilitates the onset of EAMG and results in a selective suppression of the humoral response to AChR whereas the cellular response is enhanced. Specific immunosuppression of EAMG is achieved by using a nonmyasthenic, denatured AChR preparation which cross reacts with the intact receptor. Various degradations and modifications of AChR are being performed in order to identify the smallest molecular entity responsible for the myasthenic activity of AChR. Studies on specific monoclonal antibodies, anti-idiotypes, and on the effect of measles virus on EAMG are being described and their possible significance in regulating myasthenia are being discussed.
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488
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Heise H, Rätz JH, Fuchs S. [Comparison of antisyphilitic therapy with penduran (benzathin-penicilline) and jenacillin A (author's transl)]. DERMATOLOGISCHE MONATSCHRIFT 1980; 166:229-34. [PMID: 7409282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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489
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Hofherr L, Fuchs S. Workplace contamination when performing the slide catalase test. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1979; 45:1008. [PMID: 391041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This small study indicates that utilization of the slide catalase test potentially may contaminate the workplace and also the technologist performing the test. Suggested precautions when performing this test are made.
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490
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Moshly-Rosen D, Fuchs S, Eshhar Z. Monoclonal antibodies against defined determinants of acetylcholine receptor. FEBS Lett 1979; 106:389-92. [PMID: 91535 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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491
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Bartfeld D, Fuchs S. Fractionation of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor according to antigenic specificity. FEBS Lett 1979; 105:303-6. [PMID: 90624 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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492
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Bartfeld D, Fuchs S. Active acetylcholine receptor fragment obtained by tryptic digestion of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 89:512-9. [PMID: 486177 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)90659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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493
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Schwartz M, Lancet D, Tarrab-Hazdai R, Fuchs S. Effect of azathioprine on the affinity of antibodies against acetylcholine receptor: analysis with purified antibodies. Mol Immunol 1979; 16:483-7. [PMID: 500112 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(79)90074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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494
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Fuchs S, Lundanes E, Leban J, Folkers K, Bowers C. On the existence and separation of the follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone from the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:92-6. [PMID: 378233 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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495
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Prives J, Hoffman L, Tarrab-Hazdai R, Fuchs S, Amsterdam A. Ligand induced changes in stability and distribution of acetylcholine receptors on surface membranes of muscle cells. Life Sci 1979; 24:1713-8. [PMID: 573358 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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496
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497
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Colello GD, Hockenbery DM, Bosmann HB, Fuchs S, Folkers K. Competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine binding by fractions from porcine brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:6319-23. [PMID: 32539 PMCID: PMC393173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractions of porcine cerebral cortex extract separated by molecular weight on a Sephadex G-75 column were tested for their activities and potencies to inhibit [3H]benzodiazepine binding to rat brain homogenates. The fractions spanned molecular weights from 500 to 100,000. A potent inhibitor (benzodiazepine-competitive factor I, BCF-I) was discovered in the fraction containing substances with molecular weights from 40,000 to 70,000. Equilibrium binding studies indicated that BCF-I was a competitive inhibitor, making it a candidate as a benzodiazepine endogenous factor or profactor. BCF-I was heat stable, but trypsin digestion destroyed its activity. Another inhibitory fraction (BCF-II) was 1/5th as active as BCF-I and contained substances with molecular weights from 1000 to 2000.
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498
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Brenner T, Abramsky O, Lisak RP, Zweiman B, Tarrab-Hazdai R, Fuchs S. Radioimmunoassay of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor in serum of myasthenia gravis patients. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 1978; 14:986-9. [PMID: 721428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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499
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Bartfeld D, Fuchs S. Specific immunosuppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by denatured acetylcholine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:4006-10. [PMID: 279016 PMCID: PMC392919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.8.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific immunosuppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was achieved by the use of a denatured preparation of the acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) that did not in itself induce the disease. Torpedo californica AcChoR was irreversibly denatured by complete reduction and carboxymethylation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Rabbits immunized with reduced carboxymethylated receptor (RCM-AcChoR) produced antibodies that reacted with both RCM-AcChoR and intact AcChoR. The specificity of anti-RCM-AcChoR antibodies is different from that of anti-AcChoR antibodies because the former are directed to only part of the antigenic determinants present in the intact receptor. RCM-AcChoR, which by itself is completely nonmyasthenic, was shown to be capable of both preventing the onset of EAMG and of reversing the clinical symptoms in myasthenic rabbits. In all cases the therapeutic effect of RCM-AcChoR administration on EAMG was accompanied by a change in the immunological specificity of the antibodies. The crossreactivity between AcChoR and RCM-AcChoR and the nonpathogenicity of RCM-AcChoR appear to be crucial in governing the specific immunosuppressive effects of RCM-AcChoR on EAMG.
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500
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Schwartz M, Novick D, Givol D, Fuchs S. Induction of anti-idiotypic antibodies by immunisation with syngeneic spleen cells educated with acetylcholine receptor. Nature 1978; 273:543-5. [PMID: 78451 DOI: 10.1038/273543a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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