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Murrell DF, Gebauer K, Spelman L, Zane LT. Crisaborole Topical Ointment, 2% in Adults With Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 2a, Vehicle-Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Study. J Drugs Dermatol 2015; 14:1108-1112. [PMID: 26461821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel approach for treating atopic dermatitis (AD) is the inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), an enzyme involved in the proinflammatory cascade. Crisaborole topical ointment, 2% is a novel, boron-based small-molecule PDE4 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the efficacy and safety of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% in adults with mild to moderate AD. METHODS This phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, bilateral, 6-week study of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% was conducted in adult patients with mild to moderate AD with 2 comparable target AD lesions. Patients were randomly assigned to twice-daily application of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% or vehicle, each to 1 of the 2 target lesions. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index (ADSI) score at day 28. Safety assessments included local tolerability and incidence of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS A total of 25 enrolled patients received study medication. At day 28, 17 patients (68%) experienced a greater decrease in ADSI score in the active-treated lesion than in the vehicle-treated lesion; 5 patients (20%) had a greater decrease in ADSI score in the vehicle-treated lesion than in the active-treated lesion. Local application-site reactions were reported in 3 patients (12%). A total of 29 AEs were reported in 11 patients; most (90%) were mild in intensity and unrelated to study medication. No serious or severe AEs were reported, and no patient discontinued due to an AE. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy and safety of treatment with crisaborole topical ointment, 2% in adults with mild to moderate AD. The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01301508).
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477
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Amin NB, Wang X, Mitchell JR, Lee DS, Nucci G, Rusnak JM. Blood pressure-lowering effect of the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor ertugliflozin, assessed via ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:805-8. [PMID: 25951755 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the blood pressure-lowering effect of ertugliflozin (1, 5, 25 mg), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 12.5 mg) and placebo in 194 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension for 4 weeks using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Endpoints (change from baseline to week 4) were: 24-h mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary); daytime, night-time, seated predose SBP, 24-h, daytime, night-time, seated predose diastolic blood pressure, 24-h urinary glucose excretion and fasting plasma glucose (FPG; secondary). Safety and tolerability were monitored. Significant decreases in placebo-corrected 24-h mean SBP (-3.0 to -4.0 mmHg) were recorded for all doses of ertugliflozin (for HCTZ, this was -3.2 mmHg). Daytime, but not night-time SBP was consistently reduced. Ertugliflozin produced dose-dependent significant decreases in FPG and increases in urinary glucose excretion. No notable changes in plasma renin activity or urinary aldosterone were seen. The most common adverse events were urinary tract infection, genital fungal infection, upper respiratory tract infection and musculoskeletal pain.
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478
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Coronado D, Merchant T, Chanda S, Zane LT. In Vitro Nail Penetration and Antifungal Activity of Tavaborole, a Boron-Based Pharmaceutical. J Drugs Dermatol 2015; 14:609-614. [PMID: 26091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective topical antifungal medication must penetrate through the nail plate at sufficient concentrations to eradicate the fungal infection. Tavaborole topical solution, 5% is a novel boron-based pharmaceutical approved for the treatment of toenail onychomycosis due to Trichophyton rubrum or T mentagrophytes. Four in vitro studies assessed the antifungal activity and nail penetration of tavaborole. In Study 1, tavaborole demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25-2 μg/mL against all fungi tested; addition of 5% keratin powder did not affect the MIC against T rubrum. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values for tavaborole against T rubrum and T mentagrophytes were 8 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. In Study 2, tavaborole effectively penetrated through the nail plate; mean concentrations in the ventral/intermediate nail layer were significantly higher than ciclopirox at day 15. In Study 3, mean cumulative tavaborole penetration through ex vivo human nails was significantly higher than ciclopirox at day 15. In Study 4, tavaborole demonstrated superior nail penetration and fungicidal activity, as measured by zones of inhibition. These studies demonstrated the superior penetration of tavaborole through the nail plate vs ciclopirox. Tavaborole demonstrated robust antifungal activity, with low MIC and MFC values, even in the presence of keratin.
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Abstract
Tavaborole is a novel, low-molecular weight oxaborole antifungal drug under development by Anacor Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the topical treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail. The drug has received its first global approval for this indication in the US. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of tavaborole leading to this first approval for onychomycosis of the toenails.
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480
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Gupta AK, Daigle D, Abramovits W. Tavaborole 5% solution for onychomycosis. Skinmed 2015; 13:55-58. [PMID: 25842473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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481
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Seymour J. ABT-199 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CLINICAL ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY : H&O 2014; 12:698-700. [PMID: 25658896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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482
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Su Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, An LJ, Liu HL. [The effect of dezocine in prevention of adverse reaction of tracheal extubation in nasal endoscopic operation]. ZHONGGUO YING YONG SHENG LI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO YINGYONG SHENGLIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 30:394-400. [PMID: 25571627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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483
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Liu XS, Xu GH, Shen QY, Zhao Q, Cheng XQ, Zhang J, Gu EW. Dezocine prevents sufentanil-induced cough during general anesthesia induction: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:52-5. [PMID: 25560575 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia is a common phenomenon. Dezocine, a partial μ-receptors agonist and κ-receptors antagonist, has been documented effectively suppressing fentanyl-induced cough in general anesthesia induction. However, the effect of dezocine on sufentanil-induced cough is still unknown. METHODS A total of 370 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II), aged 18-70 years, undergoing elective surgery, were randomly divided into a control group (group C) and a dezocine group (group D) (n=185 in each group). Patients received dezocine 0.1mg/kg or an equal volume of 0.9% normal saline 2 min prior to intravenous sufentanil (0.5 μg/kg). The incidence and reflex degree of cough in patients were evaluated within 2 min after the injection of sufentanil in anesthesia induction period. RESULTS No patient in group D had cough and 59 patients in group C had cough (severity of cough: mild, 7%; moderate, 11.4%; severe, 13.5%). The occurrence and reflex degree of cough in group D was significantly lower than that in group C (P=0.000). The highest heart rate (HR) and invasive blood pressure (IBP) values were higher in group C than those in group D (P<0.01) within 2 min after sufentanil administration, althought these values remained within safe limits. CONCLUSION The results of current study suggest that administration of Dezocine 0.1mg/kg may effectively prevent the occurrence and reflex degree of sufentanil-induced irritating cough in general anesthesia induction in patients.
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484
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Phase I study of ABT-199 (GDC-0199) in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma: responses observed in diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) at higher cohort doses. CLINICAL ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY : H&O 2014; 12:18-19. [PMID: 25768998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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485
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Abstract
A phase I trial found that drug ABT-199 controls chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients whose previous treatments failed. In about a quarter of patients, the drug, which blocks Bcl-2 and triggers cancer cell apoptosis, restored indicators of illness to normal.
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486
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Arora R, Yates C, Gary BD, McClellan S, Tan M, Xi Y, Reed E, Piazza GA, Owen LB, Dean-Colomb W. Panepoxydone targets NF-kB and FOXM1 to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and reverse epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98370. [PMID: 24896091 PMCID: PMC4045585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly diverse group that is associated with an aggressive phenotype. Its treatment has been challenging due to its heterogeneity and absence of well-defined molecular targets. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel agents with therapeutic application. NF-κB is over-expressed in many breast cancers; thus, inactivation of the NF-κB pathway could serve as a therapeutic target. Here we report for the first time the anti-tumor activity of panepoxydone (PP), a NF-κB inhibitor isolated from an edible mushroom, in several breast cancer cell lines. METHODS We investigated the effects of PP on cell growth, migration-invasion, apoptosis and EMT-related proteins expression in MCF-7 and TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-453. RESULTS Significant antitumor activity was seen in all cell lines, with differential responses noted in cell-line specific manner. Treatment with PP resulted in significant cytotoxicity, decreased invasion, migration and increased apoptosis in all cell lines tested. Up-regulation of Bax and cleaved PARP and down-regulation of Bcl-2, survivin, cyclin D1 and caspase 3 were noted in PP-treated breast cancer cells. The antitumor effect of PP appeared related to its ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) with cytoplasmic accumulation. PP treatment also down-regulated FOXM1 which resulted in a reversal of EMT. Similar results were obtained after silencing of NF-kB and FOXM1. CONCLUSION Altogether, these studies show, for the first time the antitumor activity of PP against breast cancer cells, in particular TNBC cells. Furthermore, it highlights the concept that optimal treatment of TNBC warrants attention to the differential sensitivity of various TNBC subtypes to therapeutic agents. These results suggest that the PP may be a potentially effective chemopreventive or therapeutic agent against breast cancer. However, additional studies are required to more fully elucidate the mechanism of antitumor effect of PP.
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487
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Shim J, Lanier J, Qui MK. Clinical inquiry: what is the best treatment for impetigo ? THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE 2014; 63:333-335. [PMID: 25061625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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488
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Moustafa F, Feldman SR. A review of phosphodiesterase-inhibition and the potential role for phosphodiesterase 4-inhibitors in clinical dermatology. Dermatol Online J 2014; 20:22608. [PMID: 24852768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are commonly used drugs. Specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors with anti-inflammatory properties are being assessed as dermatological treatments. PURPOSE To describe important aspects of phosphodiesterase inhibition and the safety and efficacy of 2 phosphodiesterase- 4 inhibitors being studied for the treatment of dermatologic diseases METHODS We did a non-systematic analysis of literature on phosphodiesterase inhibition followed by a review of published information on apremilast and topical AN2728 and their use for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. FINDINGS Apremilast and topical AN2728 have modest efficacy in treatment of psoriasis. Apremilast achieved PASI-75 scores ranging from 24-33%. In phase 2 studies, AN2728 had modest efficacy for psoriasis (40% of patients achieved a ≥ 2 grade improvement as assessed by the Overall target Plaque Severity Score). In phase 2 studies of AN2728 use in atopic dermatitis, subjects achieved a 71% improvement from baseline Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index. In all studies, most adverse effects were minimal. The limitations of this paper are the limited number of published studies, the lack of long-term data, and the lack of head -to - head trials directly comparing phosphodiesterase inhibitors with other treatments. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors constitute a widely used class of drugs that may see growing use for inflammatory dermatologic diseases.
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489
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Wang H, Sun W, Zhang WZ, Ge CY, Zhang JT, Liu ZY, Fan YZ. Inhibition of tumor vasculogenic mimicry and prolongation of host survival in highly aggressive gallbladder cancers by norcantharidin via blocking the ephrin type a receptor 2/focal adhesion kinase/paxillin signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96982. [PMID: 24811250 PMCID: PMC4014585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a newly-defined tumor microcirculation pattern in highly aggressive malignant tumors. We recently reported tumor growth and VM formation of gallbladder cancers through the contribution of the ephrin type a receptor 2 (EphA2)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Paxillin signaling pathways. In this study, we further investigated the anti-VM activity of norcantharidin (NCTD) as a VM inhibitor for gallbladder cancers and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo and in vitro experiments to determine the effects of NCTD on tumor growth, host survival, VM formation of GBC-SD nude mouse xenografts, and vasculogenic-like networks, malignant phenotypes i.e., proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of GBC-SD cells. Expression of VM signaling-related markers EphA2, FAK and Paxillin in vivo and in vitro were examined by immunofluorescence, western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that after treatment with NCTD, GBC-SD cells were unable to form VM structures when injecting into nude mouse, growth of the xenograft was inhibited and these observations were confirmed by facts that VM formation by three-dimensional (3-D) matrix, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration of GBC-SD cells were affected; and survival time of the xenograft mice was prolonged. Furthermore, expression of EphA2, FAK and Paxillin proteins/mRNAs of the xenografts was downregulated. Thus, we concluded that NCTD has potential anti-VM activity against human gallbladder cancers; one of the underlying mechanisms may be via blocking the EphA2/FAK/Paxillin signaling pathway.
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490
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Niemann CU. [Targeted treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]. Ugeskr Laeger 2014; 176:V11130682. [PMID: 25350143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of targeted treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is changing the prognostic outlook for CLL patients. The B-cell antigen receptor pathway is identified as pivotal for CLL pathogenesis and CLL cell proliferation. Inhibition of this pathway by ibrutinib (Bruton's tyrosin kinase inhibition) and idelalisib (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition) has recently shown impressive clinical results, also for CLL patients with relapsed/refractory disease and unfavourable prognostic markers. Apoptosis induction by inhibition of BCL2 with ABT-199 is reported with likewise promising clinical results.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Aminopyridines
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Morpholines
- Oxazines/therapeutic use
- Piperidines
- Purines/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Quinazolinones/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
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491
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Routt ET, Jim SC, Zeichner JA, Kircik LH. What is new in fungal pharmacotherapeutics? J Drugs Dermatol 2014; 13:391-396. [PMID: 24719057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20-25% of the population worldwide is affected by superficial cutaneous mycoses (SCM). SCM are cutaneous fungal infections with a wide array of systemic and topical treatment options. However, successful therapeutic outcomes are limited by patient non-adherence, medication side effects, potential drug interactions, antifungal resistance and disease recurrence. Advances in formulation technology have allowed for the development of more effective and safer therapies. In this article we will review several new and emerging pharmacotherapeutics for onychomycosis and tinea pedis.
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492
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Jiao L, Liu RC. [Effects of dezocine on postoperative sore throat after maxillofacial procedures: a comparison with flurbiprofen axetil]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2014; 46:104-106. [PMID: 24535359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects between dezocine and flurbiprofen axetil on postoperative sore throat (POST) after maxillofacial procedures. METHODS In the study, 90 adult patients with maxillofacial diseases were divided randomly into control group (group C), flurbiprofen group (group F) and dezocine group (group D). Physiological saline, flurbiprofen axetil (1 mg/kg) and dezocine (0.1 mg/kg) were administered intravenously for each group 30 minutes before the end of the operation. We recorded visual analogue scale (VAS) and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) at the time points of 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h after extubation. RESULTS The incidence of POST in group D decreased significantly (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the incidences of groups F and C. The VAS of group F was lower than that of group C (P < 0.01) just at the time points of 0.5 h and 1 h after extubation, from then on, there was no difference between the 2 groups. The VAS of group D was lower than that of group F, and the BCS was higher than that of group F significantly. CONCLUSION Dezocine has notable analgesia effect for postoperative sore throat, so it is a better choice to carry out postoperative analgesia after maxillofacial procedures.
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493
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Lipner S, Scher RK. Onychomycosis: current and future therapies. Cutis 2014; 93:60-63. [PMID: 24605341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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494
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Bell R, Duke AA, Gilmore PE, Page D, Bègue L. Anxiolytic-like effects observed in rats exposed to the elevated zero-maze following treatment with 5-HT2/5-HT3/5-HT4 ligands. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3881. [PMID: 24457553 PMCID: PMC5379192 DOI: 10.1038/srep03881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of administering selective 5-HT antagonists and agonists to rats tested in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) model of anxiety. The EZM paradigm has advantages over the elevated plus-maze (EPM) paradigm with respect to measuring anxiety, yet has been utilized less frequently. Three experiments were conducted each with a diazepam control (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg). In the first experiment, we administered the 5-HT2C antagonist RS 102221 (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT2C agonist MK-212 (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg); in the second experiment, we administered the 5-HT3 antagonist Y-25130 (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT3 agonist SR 57227A (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), and in the third experiment, we administered the 5-HT4 antagonist RS 39604 (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/kg) and 5-HT4 agonist RS 67333 (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg). The administration of 5-HT2/3/4 subtype antagonists all generated behavioral profiles indicative of anxiolytic-like effects in the EZM, which was apparent from examination of both traditional and ethological measures. While little effect was observed from 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 agonists, the 5-HT4 agonist RS 67333 was found to produce a paradoxical anxiolytic-like effect similar to that produced by the 5-HT4 antagonist RS 39604. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings.
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Rao CV, Patlolla JMR, Qian L, Zhang Y, Brewer M, Mohammed A, Desai D, Amin S, Lightfoot S, Kopelovich L. Chemopreventive effects of the p53-modulating agents CP-31398 and Prima-1 in tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Neoplasia 2013; 15:1018-27. [PMID: 24027427 PMCID: PMC3769881 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Expression of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is frequently altered in tobacco-associated lung cancers. We studied chemopreventive effects of p53-modulating agents, namely, CP-31398 and Prima-1, on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung adenoma and adenocarcinoma formation in female A/J mice. Seven-week-old mice were treated with a single dose of NNK (10 µmol/mouse) by intraperitoneal injection and, 3 weeks later, were randomized to mice fed a control diet or experimental diets containing 50 or 100 ppm CP-31398 or 150 or 300 ppm Prima-1 for either 17 weeks (10 mice/group) or 34 weeks (15 mice/group) to assess the efficacy against lung adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Dietary feeding of 50 or 100 ppm CP-31398 significantly suppressed (P < .0001) lung adenocarcinoma by 64% and 73%, respectively, after 17 weeks and by 47% and 56%, respectively, after 34 weeks. Similarly, 150 or 300 ppm Prima-1 significantly suppressed (P < .0001) lung adenocarcinoma formation by 56% and 62%, respectively, after 17 weeks and 39% and 56%, respectively, after 34 weeks. Importantly, these results suggest that both p53 modulators cause a delay in the progression of adenoma to adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung tumors from mice exposed to p53-modulating agents showed a significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased accumulation of wild-type p53 in the nucleus. An increase in p21- and apoptotic-positive cells was also observed in lung tumors of mice exposed to p53-modulating agents. These results support a chemopreventive role of p53-modulating agents in tobacco carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma formation.
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497
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LoRusso P, Venkatakrishnan K, Chiorean EG, Noe D, Wu JT, Sankoh S, Corvez M, Sausville EA. Phase 1 dose-escalation, pharmacokinetic, and cerebrospinal fluid distribution study of TAK-285, an investigational inhibitor of EGFR and HER2. Invest New Drugs 2013; 32:160-70. [PMID: 23817974 PMCID: PMC3913854 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This phase 1 study assessed safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribution, and preliminary clinical activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor TAK-285. METHODS Patients with advanced, histologically confirmed solid tumors and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2 received daily oral TAK-285; daily dose was escalated within defined cohorts until MTD and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) were determined. Eleven patients were enrolled into an RP2D cohort. Blood samples were collected from all cohorts; CSF was collected at pharmacokinetic steady-state from RP2D patients. Tumor responses were assessed every 8 weeks per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were enrolled (median age 60; range, 35-76 years). The most common diagnoses were cancers of the colon (28 %), breast (17 %), and pancreas (9 %). Escalation cohorts evaluated doses from 50 mg daily to 500 mg twice daily; the MTD/RP2D was 400 mg twice daily. Dose-limiting toxicities included diarrhea, hypokalemia, and fatigue. Drug absorption was fast (median time of maximum concentration was 2-3 h), and mean half-life was 9 h. Steady-state average unbound CSF concentration (geometric mean 1.54 [range, 0.51-4.27] ng/mL; n = 5) at the RP2D was below the 50 % inhibitory concentration (9.3 ng/mL) for inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity in cells expressing recombinant HER2. Best response was stable disease (12 weeks of nonprogression) in 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS TAK-285 was generally well tolerated at the RP2D. Distribution in human CSF was confirmed, but the free concentration of the drug was below that associated with biologically relevant target inhibition.
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498
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MacNeill CM, Wailes EM, Levi-Polyachenko NH. A comparative study of the photothermal efficiency of electrically conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based nanomaterials with cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 13:3784-3791. [PMID: 23862408 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal efficiency of two similar organic nanomaterials, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanoparticles and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanotubes, are compared. The PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles ranged from 100-200 nm in diameter, while the PEDOT nanotubes ranged from 200-400 nm in diameter and 4-10 microm in length. By changing the aspect ratio of the PEDOT nanomaterials from a spherical to a tubular shape, interesting differences in the optical and electronic properties of the materials were realized. Because of this, the PEDOT nanotubes were shown to generate on average approximately to 10 degrees C better internal heating for similar concentrations compared to the PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity studies of both nanomaterials showed no significant toxicity towards RKO or HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in the absence of NIR light. The NIR-mediated photothermal efficiency of the PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles and the PEDOT nanotubes were compared in-vitro. A cell viability assay was performed and at the highest concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of nanomaterial, cell survival was close to 20% for the PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles with both RKO and HCT116 cells. Consequently, cell survival for the PEDOT nanotubes was less than 5% for both RKO and HCT116 cells. An in-vitro three dimensional tumor model was assembled using collagen gel tissue phantoms. The depth of heat penetration from the PEDOT nanotubes into the tissue phantoms, along with cell viability of RKO and HCT116 cells was determined and quantified.
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499
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Freitas K, Negus SS, Carroll FI, Damaj MI. In vivo pharmacological interactions between a type II positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic ACh receptors and nicotinic agonists in a murine tonic pain model. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:567-79. [PMID: 23004024 PMCID: PMC3682705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The α7 nicotinic ACh receptor subtype is abundantly expressed in the CNS and in the periphery. Recent evidence suggests that α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subtypes, which can be activated by an endogenous cholinergic tone comprising ACh and the α7 agonist choline, play an important role in chronic pain and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether type II α7 positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596 induces antinociception on its own and in combination with choline in the formalin pain model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed the effects of PNU-120596 and choline and the nature of their interactions in the formalin test using an isobolographic analysis. In addition, we evaluated the interaction of PNU-120596 with PHA-54613, an exogenous selective α7 nAChR agonist, in the formalin test. Finally, we assessed the interaction between PNU-120596 and nicotine using acute thermal pain, locomotor activity, body temperature and convulsing activity tests in mice. KEY RESULTS We found that PNU-120596 dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive behaviour in the formalin test after systemic administration in mice. In addition, mixtures of PNU-120596 and choline synergistically reduced formalin-induced pain. PNU-120596 enhanced the effects of nicotine and α7 agonist PHA-543613 in the same test. In contrast, PNU-120596 failed to enhance nicotine-induced convulsions, hypomotility and antinociception in acute pain models. Surprisingly, it enhanced nicotine-induced hypothermia via activation of α7 nAChRs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that type II α7 positive allosteric modulators produce antinociceptive effects in the formalin test through a synergistic interaction with the endogenous α7 agonist choline.
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500
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Bentzen BH, Grunnet M, Hyveled-Nielsen L, Sundgreen C, Lassen JB, Hansen HH. Anti-hypertensive treatment preserves appetite suppression while preventing cardiovascular adverse effects of tesofensine in rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:985-92. [PMID: 23784901 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tesofensine is a novel triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor which is in development for the treatment of obesity. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that appetite suppression is an important mechanism by which tesofensine exerts its robust weight reducing effect. Notably, the strong hypophagic response to tesofensine treatment is demonstrated to be linked to central stimulation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. The sympathomimetic mode of action of tesofensine may also associate with the elevated heart rate and blood pressure observed in clinical settings, and we therefore sought experimentally to address this issue. DESIGN AND METHODS The anorexigenic and cardiovascular effects of tesofensine were studied simultaneously in telemetrized conscious rats in a combined real-time food intake and cardiovascular telemetry monitoring system. RESULTS Acute administration of tesofensine caused a dose-dependent hypophagic effect as well as increased heart rate and blood pressure. Interestingly, combined treatment with metoprolol (b1 adrenoceptor blocker, 10-20 mg/kg, p.o.) fully prevented the cardiovascular sympathetic effects of tesofensine while leaving the robust inhibitory efficacy on food intake unaffected. Similarly, the angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist telmisartan (1.0-3.0 mg/kg, p.o.) did not interfere with the anti-obesity effects of tesofensine, however, telmisartan only partially reversed the increase in systolic blood pressure and had no effect on the elevated heart rate induced by tesofensine. CONCLUSION These data suggests that tesofensine causes elevations in heart rate and blood pressure by increasing sympathetic activity, and that different adrenoceptor subtypes may be responsible for the anti-obesity and cardiovascular effects of tesofensine.
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