501
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Daoust PY, Conboy G, McBurney S, Burgess N. Interactive mortality factors in common loons from Maritime Canada. J Wildl Dis 1998; 34:524-31. [PMID: 9706561 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-34.3.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Between August 1992 and November 1995, 31 moribund or dead common loons (Gavia immer) found in the three Maritime provinces of Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) were necropsied. Eight of these birds were in good body condition and died acutely from drowning or trauma. The remaining 23 birds were in poor body condition and had either chronic lead poisoning, respiratory mycosis, or oil contamination of their plumage. Loons in poor body condition had significantly higher numbers of intestinal trematodes and significantly higher levels of total renal mercury than loons in good body condition. Therefore, poor body condition in many loons was associated with two or more concurrent potential disease processes, although we could not establish a cause-effect relationship among these processes in individual birds. These results suggest that mortality in chronically ill wild animals can result from synergism among several potentially debilitating agents present in their environment.
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502
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Orem J, Mpanga L, Habyara E, Nambuya A, Aisu T, Wamukota W, Otim MA. Disseminated aspergillus fumigatus infection: case report. EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 1998; 75:436-8. [PMID: 9803639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A case of disseminated aspergillus fumigatus infection is reported in a 43 year old Ugandan female with no known immune system disorder(not neutropenic and HIV-1 sero negative). She presented with multiple cutaneous ulcers, recurrent empyema thoracis, a past history of intra-abdominal abscess and bowel infarction. Empirical treatment for tuberculosis was previously given without improvement. A diagnosis of aspergillus fumigatus based on a combination of tissue wet potassium hydroxide preparation, fungal culture and tissue histologic typing was made. Despite antifungal therapy with intravenous amphotericin B infusion in 5% dextrose, after a normal baseline renal function test, the patient died in the second week of admission. Autopsy showed disseminated aspergillosis involving the pleural space, pericardium, spleen, and meningitis in addition to the cutaneous sites. Disseminated aspergillus fumigatus infection in a non-immunocompromised is rare antemortem diagnosis. This case highlights the difficulty in making a diagnosis in the face of many endemic conditions with similar presentation.
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503
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Bartroli J, Turmo E, Algueró M, Boncompte E, Vericat ML, Conte L, Ramis J, Merlos M, García-Rafanell J, Forn J. New azole antifungals. 2. Synthesis and antifungal activity of heterocyclecarboxamide derivatives of 3-amino-2-aryl-1-azolyl-2-butanol. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1855-68. [PMID: 9599236 DOI: 10.1021/jm970726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 92 azole antifungals containing an amido alcohol unit was synthesized. The nature and substitution of the amide portion was systematically modified in search of improved antifungal activity, especially against filamentous fungi. The compounds were tested in vitro against a variety of clinically important pathogens and in vivo (po) in a murine candidosis model. Thiazole and thiophene carboxamides carrying both a substituted phenyl ring and a small alkyl group were best suited for activity against filamentous fungi. In a subset of these compounds, the amide portion was conformationally locked by means of a pyrimidone ring and it was proven that only an orthogonal orientation of the phenyl ring yields bioactive products. A tendency to display long plasma elimination half-lives was observed in both series. Two compounds, 74 and 107, representative of the open and cyclic amides, respectively, were chosen for further studies, based on their excellent activity in in vivo murine models of candidosis and aspergillosis. This work describes the SARs found within this series. The next paper displays the results obtained in a related series of compounds, the quinazolinones.
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504
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Bartroli J, Turmo E, Algueró M, Boncompte E, Vericat ML, Conte L, Ramis J, Merlos M, García-Rafanell J, Forn J. New azole antifungals. 3. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 3-substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1869-82. [PMID: 9599237 DOI: 10.1021/jm9707277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of azole antifungal agents featuring a quinazolinone nucleus have been subjected to studies of structure-activity relationships. In general, these compounds displayed higher in vitro activities against filamentous fungi and shorter half-lives than the structures described in our preceding paper. The most potent products in vitro carried a halogen (or an isostere) at the 7-position of the quinazolinone ring. Using a murine model of systemic candidosis, oral activity was found to be dependent on hydrophobicity, which, in turn, modulated the compound's half-life. The 7-Cl derivative, (1R,2R)-7-chloro-3-[2-(2, 4-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]quinazolin-4(3H)-one (20, UR-9825), was selected for further testing due to its high in vitro activity, low toxicity, good pharmacokinetic profile, and ease of obtention. Compound 20 is the (1R,2R) isomer of four possible stereoisomers. The other three isomers were also prepared and tested. The enantiomer (1S,2S) and the (1R,2S) epimer were inactive, whereas the (1S,2R) epimer retained some activity. In vitro 20 was superior to fluconazole, itraconazole, SCH-42427, and TAK-187 and roughly similar to voriconazole and ER-30346. In vivo, 20 was only moderately active in a mouse model of systemic candidosis when administration was limited to the first day. This was attributed to its short half-life in that species (t1/2 = 1 h po). Protection levels comparable to or higher than those of fluconazole, however, were observed in systemic candidosis models in rat and rabbit, where the half-life of the compound was found to be 6 and 9 h, respectively. Finally, 20 showed excellent protection levels in an immunocompromised rat model of disseminated aspergillosis. The compound showed low toxicity signs when administered to rats at 250 mg/kg qd or at 100 mg/kg bid during 28 days.
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505
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Cenci E, Mencacci A, Fè d'Ostiani C, Montagnoli C, Bacci A, Del Sero G, Perito S, Bistoni F, Romani L. Cytokine- and T-helper-dependent immunity in murine aspergillosis. RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 1998; 149:445-54; discussion 504-5. [PMID: 9720962 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2494(98)80768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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506
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Atra A, Soler P, Calvagna V, Meller ST, Riley UR. Successful treatment of Aspergillus fungaemia in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Infect 1998; 36:323-4. [PMID: 9661945 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(98)94459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus species can cause life-threatening infection in immunocompromised children. Pulmonary infections are the most common, and are usually acquired through inhalations of aspergillus spores in unfiltered air. Some patients acquire invasive aspergillus infection from endogenous spread of colonized para-nasal sinuses.
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507
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Gupta A, Gupta RK, Banerjee D, Bhatia E. Magnetic resonance image detection of coincidental sphenoid sinus aspergillosis and pituitary microadenoma: a potential surgical disaster. AUSTRALASIAN RADIOLOGY 1998; 42:128-9. [PMID: 9599827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1998.tb00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While localizing the microadenoma in a patient with Cushing's disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fungal granuloma of the sphenoid sinus was coincidentally detected. This helped in the proper management of sphenoidal disease before undergoing trans-sphenoidal removal of the microadenoma, thus averting the possible catastrophe of direct intracranial spread of aspergillus infection.
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508
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de Sévaux RG, Kullberg BJ, Verweij PE, van de Nes JA, Meis JF, van der Meer JW. Microgranulomatous aspergillosis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease: cure with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:996-7. [PMID: 9564492 DOI: 10.1086/517646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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509
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Fisher ME, Nisenbaum HL, Axel L, Broderick GA. Prostatic abscess due to Aspergillus fumigatus: TRUS and MR imaging findings. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 1998; 17:181-184. [PMID: 9514171 DOI: 10.7863/jum.1998.17.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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510
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Renard JE, Onnient Y, Proust F, Massardier E, Raspaud C, Nouvet G, Brasseur P, Humbert G, Mihout B. Neuroaspergillosis and brain tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient with good outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 64:411-2. [PMID: 9527169 PMCID: PMC2170017 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.64.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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511
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Vogeser M, Haas A, Ruckdeschel G, von Scheidt W. Steroid-induced invasive aspergillosis with thyroid gland abscess and positive blood cultures. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:215-6. [PMID: 9665309 DOI: 10.1007/bf01691124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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512
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Ewig S, Paar WD, Pakos E, Schäfer H, Tasci S, Marklein G, Lüderitz B. [Nosocomial ventilator-associated pneumonias caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in non-immunosuppressed, non-neutropenic patients]. Pneumologie 1998; 52:85-90. [PMID: 9557055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We observed three cases of severe ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Aspergillus fumigatus in non-immunosuppressed, non-neutropenic patients. Autopsy confirmed an angioinvasive pattern of spreading with septic foci. In all cases conditions associated with temporary immunodysfunction like underlying diseases, antecedent sepsis or pneumonia, coinfections or steroid therapy were present. Although Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in all cases in cultures of tracheobronchial secretions, the correct diagnosis was not obtained during lifetime. Our cases demonstrate that pneumonia due to Aspergillus fumigatus must be taken into account also in this patient population.
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513
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Diop EM, Schachern PA, Paparella MM. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with massive Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 118:283-5. [PMID: 9482569 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(98)80034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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514
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Silverman CS, Mancuso AA. Periantral soft-tissue infiltration and its relevance to the early detection of invasive fungal sinusitis: CT and MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19:321-5. [PMID: 9504486 PMCID: PMC8338170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our goal was to illustrate the relevance of periantral soft-tissue infiltration to the early diagnosis of invasive fungal sinusitis and to describe variations in the appearance of normal periantral soft tissues. METHODS We reviewed two cases of pathologically proved invasive maxillary fungal sinusitis in which the sole imaging finding suggestive of invasive disease was periantral soft-tissue infiltration. Variations in the CT appearance of normal periantral soft tissues were studied in 112 patients by assessing the appearance of the fat planes along the anterior and posterior bony antral walls and by noting the presence of infraorbital and distal internal maxillary artery branch vessels within the anterior and posterior periantral fat planes, respectively. RESULTS None of the 112 patients had findings that suggested, or that could mimic, soft-tissue infiltration in the anterior periantral soft tissues. In only one (1%) of the 112 patients was there a loss of visibility of the posterior periantral fat plane that was not clearly attributable to the otherwise normal-appearing posterior periantral soft tissues. CONCLUSION Infiltration of the periantral fat planes may represent the earliest imaging evidence of invasive fungal disease. When encountered as the sole radiologic finding, periantral soft-tissue infiltration should suggest the possibility of invasive fungal sinusitis in the appropriate clinical setting.
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515
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516
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Bikhazi NB, Sloan SH. Superior orbital fissure syndrome caused by indolent Aspergillus sphenoid sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 118:102-4. [PMID: 9450837 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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517
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Abstract
Aspergillus sp. sinusitis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients but is unusual in patients who are not immunocompromised. The disease may occur as a saprophytic condition, as an allergic sinusitis or as a potentially lethal invasive disease. The differentiation between non-invasive and invasive Aspergillus sp. sinusitis is crucial and this distinction is fully discussed. The treatment options are also considered. Invasive disease requires aggressive treatment with long-term antifungal agents in sufficient doses combined with wide surgical excision. We present a patient who presented with invasive Aspergillus fumigatus sinusitis and subsequently developed cranial neuropathies and skull base osteitis. She was initially treated with oral itraconazole (400 mg daily) for 18 months but due to lack of response this was changed to a new experimental oral azole (voriconazole) which was continued for a further 14 months. She has since remained well for the last five years.
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518
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Alam M, Higgins R, Alam Z, Janakiraman N, Gorman M. Aspergillus fungal mass detected by transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998; 11:83-5. [PMID: 9487477 DOI: 10.1016/s0894-7317(98)70127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fungal infections have become more prevalent and are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. The most common infective organism is Candida albicans, followed by Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus. Cardiac involvement is usually associated with endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, or intracardiac fungal mass. Early diagnosis is imperative, as these patients have poor outcome once there is cardiac involvement. In this report we describe a patient in whom an intracardiac mass was detected with transesophageal echocardiography and confirmed to be aspergillus fungal ball at surgery.
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519
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van Oosterhout IC. [Approach to nasal aspergillosis]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DIERGENEESKUNDE 1997; 122:714-6. [PMID: 9534815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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520
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Steinfeld S, Durez P, Hauzeur JP, Motte S, Appelboom T. Articular aspergillosis: two case reports and review of the literature. BRITISH JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 1997; 36:1331-4. [PMID: 9448597 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/36.12.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases of septic arthritis of the knee caused by Aspergillus: one by Aspergillus terreus in a cirrhotic patient and the other by Aspergillus fumigatus after vascular graft infection. The recovery of these organisms in synovial fluid should be considered as pathogenic, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. The pathogenic mechanism is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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521
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Petersen M, Althaus C, Santen R, Gerharz CD. [Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in AIDS]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1997; 211:400-2. [PMID: 9498193 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1035156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present the course of an endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis in a 38-year-old HIV-positive man. HISTORY AND CLINICAL SIGNS: The first examination because of a sudden visual loss in the right eye showed a central subretinal infiltration, peripheral vascular sheeting and retinal hemorrhages. THERAPY AND OUTCOME In spite of high-dose systemic antifungal therapy we could not prevent the penetration of the posterior wall of the eye and infiltration of adjacent orbital structures. Enucleation had to be performed. CONCLUSIONS In case of scleral involvement in Aspergillus endophthalmitis the necessity of enucleation has to be considered.
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522
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deShazo RD, O'Brien M, Chapin K, Soto-Aguilar M, Gardner L, Swain R. A new classification and diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal sinusitis. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY--HEAD & NECK SURGERY 1997; 123:1181-8. [PMID: 9366697 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900110031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop criteria for the diagnosis of invasive fungal sinusitis. DESIGN Review of the literature on invasive fungal sinusitis in the context of a population of 30 patients with fungal sinusitis and 24 patients with chronic bacterial sinusitis. SETTING Tertiary care medical center. RESULTS Our review revealed no consensus in the literature on the classification of the syndromes of invasive fungal sinusitis and no criteria for their diagnosis. Moreover, the existing syndromes of invasive fungal sinusitis lacked specificity and one of the more commonly cited syndromes, primary aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses, is a granulomatous disease that occurs rarely outside Africa. Two of our 30 patients with fungal sinusitis had a previously unrecognized form of invasive disease. Both were middle-aged adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, apical orbital syndrome, and a similar course: proptosis resulting from fungal expansion out of an ethmoid sinus, a protracted illness of 6 months or longer, visual changes, late neurological symptoms reflecting cavernous sinus invasion, and death. The syndrome in these 2 patients is distinct from the syndrome of fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis, (eg, mucormycosis) with nasal eschar, intracerebral fungal dissemination by vascular invasion, and death in days, and the granulomatous form. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there are 3 forms of invasive fungal sinusitis and propose that they be termed (1) granulomatous, (2) acute fulminant, and (3) chronic invasive. The latter category reflects the syndrome seen in our 2 patients. Furthermore, the following 2 diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal sinusitis are proposed: (1) sinusitis confirmed by radiological imaging and (2) histopathological evidence of hyphal forms within sinus mucosa, submucosa, blood vessels, or bone. The specificity of hyphae within sinus mucosa for tissue invasion was supported by the absence of stainable hyphae in the mucosa of patients with chronic bacterial sinusitis or in the mucosa of our described patients with allergic fungal sinusitis and mycetoma.
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523
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Kanj SS, Tapson V, Davis RD, Madden J, Browning I. Infections in patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. Chest 1997; 112:924-30. [PMID: 9377954 DOI: 10.1378/chest.112.4.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy over whether colonization with drug-resistant organisms is a contraindication to lung transplantation. METHODS We undertook a retrospective review of the results of lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) at Duke University Medical Center. RESULTS As of May 1996, 21 patients with CF underwent bilateral lung transplantation. The first patient died within 24 h of transplantation from sepsis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Of the remaining 20 patients, 17 (85%) are alive and in stable condition. The three deaths were related primarily to bronchiolitis obliterans at 4 and 18 months in two patients and to cytomegalovirus pneumonitis at 5 months in the other patient. The 17 surviving patients have been followed up for a mean of 13 months (range, 0.5 to 34 months). Most of them were colonized and infected with multidrug-resistant organisms before transplantation. Following transplantation, 11 patients had complications from infections. One patient had bacteremia due to a panresistant Burkholderia cepacia and was treated successfully. Two patients had bacteremia and wound infection due to Burkholderia gladioli, previously thought to be pathogenic only in plants. Both patients were treated successfully. Of the six patients with Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from cultures before transplantation, only one had invasive disease following transplantation and responded to treatment. CONCLUSION The organisms present before transplantation were not the primary cause of mortality in our patient population. Our findings suggest that lung transplantation should be considered in CF patients infected with multidrug-resistant organisms.
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524
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Mitchell CG, Slight J, Donaldson K. Diffusible component from the spore surface of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus which inhibits the macrophage oxidative burst is distinct from gliotoxin and other hyphal toxins. Thorax 1997; 52:796-801. [PMID: 9371210 PMCID: PMC1758635 DOI: 10.1136/thx.52.9.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, whose spores are present ubiquitously in the air, causes a range of diseases in the human lung. A small molecular weight (< 10 kD) heat stable toxin released from the spores of clinical and environmental isolates of A fumigatus within minutes of deposition in aqueous solution has previously been described. A key effect of the toxin was to inhibit the oxidative burst of macrophages as measured by superoxide anion release. It was hypothesised that the toxin was one of the commonly found A fumigatus hyphal toxins such as gliotoxin. This inhibitor may be an important factor which allows the fungus to colonise the lung. METHODS The spore derived inhibitor was shown to inhibit the respiratory burst of rat alveolar macrophages, as measured by the generation of superoxide anion. Samples of the spore diffusate were subject to reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), or organic extraction followed by TLC or HPLC to identify the presence of gliotoxin, fumagillin, helvolic acid, fumigaclavine-C, and aurasperone-C. Commercially obtained preparations of the toxins gliotoxin, fumagillin and helvolic acid and extracts enriched for fumigaclavine-C and aurasperone-C were used as internal and external standards and in the respiratory burst measurements. RESULTS Gliotoxin, fumagillin, helvolic acid, fumigaclavine-C, and aurasperone-C were not detected in spore derived diffusate using PHLC or TLC. Using extraction procedures with solvents known to extract gliotoxin from A fumigatus culture supernatants, no gliotoxin was detected in the spore derived diffusate. Commercial gliotoxin, fumagillin, and helvolic acid or extracts enriched for fumigaclavine-C and aurasperone-C did not inhibit the oxidative burst of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis that the spore derived toxin is one of the toxins derived from hyphae such as gliotoxin, helvolic acid, fumagillin, fumigaclavine-C, or aurasperone-C is not proved. The spore toxin may exert its effect through its ability to diffuse rapidly into the lung lining fluid, diminish the macrophage oxidative burst, and play a part in allowing A fumigatus to persist in the lung and manifest its well known pathogenic effects.
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525
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Fung Y, Yeh HC. Renal aspergilloma mimicking a tumor on ultrasonography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 1997; 16:555-557. [PMID: 9315212 DOI: 10.7863/jum.1997.16.8.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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