1101
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Tamura N, Shimada A, Chang S. Further evidence for immune cytolysis by antibody and the first eight components of complement in the absence of C9. Immunol Suppl 1972; 22:131-40. [PMID: 5013908 PMCID: PMC1408206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The reported observations on the slow, low-grade lysis of EAC1-8 were re-examined by using antisera to guinea-pig C9 as a specific inhibitor against C9 to eliminate the possibility that C8 preparations might contain C9 which lyses EAC1-8. Pretreatment of C8 preparation with IgG fraction of the anti-C9 did not result in reduction of the degree of lysis of EAC1-7 by C8. The dose response curve in titration of C8 with EAC1-7 in the absence of C9 was sigmoidal and completely different from that in the presence of excess C9, suggesting that the cell membrane damage caused by C8 might not be the same as that by C9. Sensitized nucleated cells were shown to be lysed similarly by the first eight components of complement, namely C1 to C8.
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1102
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Chang S, Stockert E, Boyse EA, Hämmerling U, Old LJ. Spontaneous release of cytotoxic alloantibody from viable cells sensitized in excess antibody. Immunology 1971; 21:829-38. [PMID: 4940171 PMCID: PMC1408175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
When viable cells sensitized in excess cytotoxic alloantibody are washed and resuspended in antibody-free medium, they spontaneously release appreciable quantities of antibody. The amount released is directly proportional to the concentration of alloantibody during sensitization. Spontaneous release was observed from all cell types tested (thymocytes, lymphocytes, leukaemia cells and ascites sarcoma cells) and with all alloantibodies tested (H-2, θ and Ly-B). In preliminary tests with radio-labelled H-2 antibody, the quantity of antibody released in a period of 2½ hours was 29 per cent of the antibody originally absorbed. Dissociation at 37° was greater (or more rapid) than at 1°. When washed sensitized cells were suspended in antibody directed to an antigen closely adjacent on the cell surface to the site of attachment of the first antibody, release of the first antibody was impeded.
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1103
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Abstract
The echocardiographic findings are described for five patients who had the prolapsed mitral valve syndrome, proven by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. In all five patients, the echocardiograms demonstrated posterior displacement of the posterior mitral leaflet during systole. In four of the patients there was also posterior displacement of the anterior leaflet. Four of the five patients had mitral insufficiency, demonstrated by cineangiography. These four patients demonstrated echocardiographic separation of the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve in late systole. The fifth patient did not show this separation, and she had no mitral insufficiency by selective cineangiography. Two patients were given amyl nitrite during the echocardiographic examination, and the echogram showed earlier separation of the anterior and posterior leaflets as well as lengthening of the murmur. Echocardiography should be a very useful noninvasive, yet direct, method for diagnosing, studying, and following patients with prolapse of the mitral valve.
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1104
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Chang S, Kvenvolden K, Lawless J, Ponnamperuma C, Kaplan IR. Carbon, Carbides, and Methane in an Apollo 12 Sample. Science 1971; 171:474-7. [PMID: 17834553 DOI: 10.1126/science.171.3970.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Total carbon in the Apollo 12 sample 12023 fines was 110 micrograms per gram of sample with a carbon isotopic abundance delta(13)C (relative to the Pee Dee belemnite standard) of +12 per mil. Hydrolysis of the fines with deuterium chloride yielded undeuterated methane along with deuterated hydrocarbons, thus confirming the presence of 7 to 21 micrograms of carbon per gram of sample as carbide and about 2 micrograms of carbon per gram of sample as indigenous methane. After vacuum pyrolysis of the fines to 1100 degrees C the following gases were detected in the relative abundance: carbon monoxide carbon dioxide methane. Variations of the delta(13)C value with the pyrolysis temperature indicated the presence of carbon with more than one range of isotopic values. The observed delta(13)C value of +14 per mil for lunar carbide is much higher than that of carbide in meteorites. These results suggest that lunar carbide is either indigenous to the moon or a meteoritic contribution that has been highly fractionated isotopically.
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1105
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1106
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1107
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Abstract
Echocardiographic studies were performed on 39 adult patients with atrial septal defects. Findings were compared with those from normal subjects, patients with other congenital left-to-right shunts (ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus), patients with uncomplicated right ventricular pressure overload (pulmonic stenosis and pulmonary hypertension), and patients with pulmonary hypertension complicated by tricuspid regurgitation. Two echocardiographic features were assessed: 1) a right ventricular dimension, or RVD Index, representing the distance between the right ventricular epicardial echoes and echoes from the right side of the interventricular septum divided by the patient's body surface area, and 2) motion of the interventricular septum.
The increased RVD Index and abnormal septal motion observed in the patients with atrial septal defects provided an ultrasound complex that could clearly separate these patients from normal individuals, those with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, and those with uncomplicated right ventricular pressure overload. However, patients with tricuspid regurgitation could not be differentiated from the group with atrial septal defects, indicating that this echocardiographic complex reflected a volume overload of the right ventricle.
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1108
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Chang S, Williams JA, Ponnamperuma C, Rabinowitz J. Phosphorylation of uridine with inorganic phosphates. SPACE LIFE SCIENCES 1970; 2:144-50. [PMID: 5521784 DOI: 10.1007/bf01101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1109
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Feigenbaum H, Stone JM, Lee DA, Nasser WK, Chang S. Identification of ultrasound echoes from the left ventricle by use of intracardiac injections of indocyanine green. Circulation 1970; 41:615-21. [PMID: 4245151 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.41.4.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the ultrasound echoes originating from the left ventricle. Injections of indocyanine green and saline were made directly in the left ventricular cavity via a cardiac catheter in patients undergoing routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The injections produced a cloud of echoes that filled the left ventricular cavity and outlined the left side of the interventricular septum and the endocardial surface of the posterior left ventricular wall. The results of this study verified the origin of echoes that are vital to the ultrasound technics for the detection of pericardial effusion, left ventricular wall size, left ventricular cavity size, and left ventricular stroke volume. This study also provided ways of distinguishing between the true left ventricular wall echoes and intracavitary echoes that often cause confusion.
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1110
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Ponnamperuma C, Kvenvolden K, Chang S, Johnson R, Pollock G, Philpott D, Kaplan I, Smith J, Schopf JW, Gehrke C, Hodgson G, Breger IA, Halpern B, Duffield A, Krauskopf K, Barghoorn E, Holland H, Keil K. Search for organic compounds in the lunar dust from the sea of tranquiblity. Science 1970; 167:760-2. [PMID: 17781583 DOI: 10.1126/science.167.3918.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A sample of lunar dust was examined for organic compounds. Carbon detected in concentrations of 157 micrograms per gram had a delta(13)C per mil (PDB) value of + 20. Treatment with hydrochloric acid yielded hydrocarbons of low molecular weight, suggesting the presence of carbides. The gas chromatogram of the acylated and esterified derivatives of the hydrolyzate was similar to that obtained for the Pueblito de Allende meteorite. There were no detectable amounts of extractable high-molecular-weight alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, isoprenoid hydrocarbons, normal alkanes, fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, or nucleic acid bases. Traces of porphyrins were found, perhaps arising from rocket exhaust materials.
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1111
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Chang S, Flores J, Ponnamperuma C. Peptide formation mediated by hydrogen cyanide tetramer: a possible prebiotic process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 64:1011-5. [PMID: 5264133 PMCID: PMC223336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.64.3.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical evolution on the primitive earth must have involved condensation of alpha-amino acids to peptides. Under aqueous conditions consistent with current conceptions of primordial waters, heating glycerine with the hydrogen cyanide tetramer, diaminomaleonitrile, yields dipeptide. If nitrogen was cycled through primordial waters as cyanide, peptide synthesis by stepwise tetramer-mediated condensation of alpha-amino acids would have been a plausible process.
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1112
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Andersen H, Avner PR, Bayley PM, Bordier C, Chang S, Cotter R, Dittgen RM, Dolfini S, Fantoni A, Gilbert P, Henson P, Herzberg M, Kabsch W, Kettlewell D, Koblinsky MA, Krulwich TA, Malcolm DB, Paulin D, Pesando JM, Pieczenik G, Rosenbaum G, Salvatore F, Sartirana ML, Schoentjes M, Sippel AE, Ssymank V, Thorner JW, Vosberg HP, Vournakis JN, Weil S, Williams FR. Molecular Biology at Spetsai. Nature 1969. [DOI: 10.1038/2231186b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1113
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Nishioka K, Irie RF, Inoue M, Chang S, Takeuchi S. Immunological studies on mouse mammary tumors. I. Induction of resistance to tumor isograft in C3H/He mice. Int J Cancer 1969; 4:121-9. [PMID: 4899787 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1114
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Robinson T, Collica CJ, Chang S. Clinical comparison of scans and scintiphotos of the thyroid gland. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY, RADIUM THERAPY, AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1968; 103:738-45. [PMID: 5677561 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.103.4.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1115
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Rabinowitz J, Chang S, Ponnamperuma C. Phosphorylation by way of inorganic phosphate as a potential prebiotic process. Nature 1968; 218:442-3. [PMID: 5649694 DOI: 10.1038/218442a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1116
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Suzuki K, Takahashi S, Chang S, Ono S. [Reconstruction of the thumb]. NIHON SEIKEIGEKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 1967; 41:1013-23. [PMID: 5628527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1117
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Chang S. Measurement of complement in patient with bone sarcoma. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 1967; 37:97-106. [PMID: 5299765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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1118
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Chang S, Feng C. [Analgesic action of intracerebral injection of adrenaline in relation to that of morphine]. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 1965; 28:352-7. [PMID: 5330714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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