Auditory awakening thresholds and dream recall in NREM sleep

Whereas earlier research had shown that Ss with lower auditory awakening thresholds (AATs) reported more dreams on awakenings from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, this study of 4 Ss over several nights each indicated no relationship between Stage 2 NREM dreaming and within-subject, within-night variations in AAT. Subjectively “deep” Stage 2 sleep was associated with high AATs and with reports of Stage 2 dreaming. AATs declined over successive nights of laboratory sleep. Earlier reports of similar AATs for Stage REM and Stage 2, a decrease in AAT with time of night, and no relationship between AAT and time since last awakening were all confirmed. Stage 2 awakenings made close together in time yielded more reports with similar manifest content.

On temperature determinations from nonresolved spectra

Low intensity sources often require that film spectrograms be obtained with relatively large and overlapping spectral line images, i.e., the nonresolved case. To determine the temperature of the source producing such photographic spectra, densitometer scans of the film must be properly interpreted. This paper examines the effects produced by different types of (assumed) combined line spread functions and image sizes on the output of densitometer scans of nonresolved film spectra. Application to the determination of spectroscopic temperatures of the CN violet system is shown to illustrate some of the important problems involved. Results show that temperature determinations should be based on densitometry in spectral regions where the line spread function effects are minimized, namely, away from the prominent band heads.

Optical temperature measurements in shock tubes from relative emission intensities

A method is presented for obtaining spectroscopic temperatures in shock tubes using relative emission from two wavelength regions of a molecular band system. Experimental results are given for the OH violet system obtained in the reflected wave region near 3500 degrees K. These results show that equilibrium conditions prevail and that the spectroscopic temperatures agree with those calculated from shock wave velocities. A resume of the appropriate theoretical considerations is given along with a detailed discussion of the experimental techniques required. A brief discussion is also given of some other techniques used to measure temperatures in shock tubes, and comments are made regarding these methods as well as on some of the general problems associated with spectroscopic temperature measurements in shock tubes.

The twisted circular form of polyoma viral DNA

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