A chimeric mouse-human antibody that retains specificity for HIV gp120 and mediates the lysis of HIV-infected cells

Murine mAb BAT123, which was made against the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV type 1 (HIV-1), is capable of neutralizing HTLV-IIIB in vitro. It also inhibits the fusion between uninfected CD4+ cells and HIV-1-infected cells to form syncytia. As a step to explore the potential utility of the anti-HIV antibody in vivo, we have constructed a mouse-human chimeric antibody by rDNA techniques. The chimeric antibody, which bears the variable domains of mouse antibody BAT123 and constant domains Cr1 and C kappa of human Ig retains the Ag specificity of BAT123 as determined by its reactivity with HIV-1-infected H9 cells, gp120 in Western blot analysis, and the oligopeptide recognized by BAT123. The antiviral activities of the chimeric antibody in neutralizing HIV-1 infection as well as inhibiting the syncytia formation are also found identical to those of the parent murine antibody. Moreover, in the presence of human blood mononuclear cells, the chimeric antibody but not BAT123 (mouse IgG1) induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The findings point to the potential usefulness of the chimeric antibody in treating patients infected with HIV-1.

Studies of the UVC-sensitivity of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic human cell hybrids (HeLa x skin fibroblasts)

The UVC-sensitivities of a non-tumorigenic and a tumorigenic human cell hybrid (HeLa x skin fibroblasts) are compared and contrasted. The tumorigenic cells differ from the non-tumorigenic cells in that they have lost one copy each of chromosomes 11 and 14. For exponentially growing cultures, the tumorigenic cells are considerably more resistant than the non-tumorigenic cells. For confluent cultures, the differential in photosensitivity is much less. Flow cytometric studies of cell cycle distributions of both exponentially growing and confluent cultures of these cells indicate that the differences in photosensitivity cannot be explained by differences in cell cycle distribution. Studies of the kinetics of potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) in confluent cultures of both cell lines indicate little or no recovery over the first 6 h followed by an increase in survival over the next 12-24 h. These data are consistent with previously published observations in human skin fibroblasts where the kinetics of PLDR reflected the kinetics of thymine dimer loss. The data are not consistent with 6-4 photoproducts being a potentially lethal lesion since such damage is rapidly repaired in human cells.

UVC-induced expression of a tumor-associated antigen in human cell hybrids (HeLa X skin fibroblasts): repair of potentially lethal and potentially transforming damage

The UVC-induced expression of a cell surface protein which correlates with the induction of tumorigenicity has been observed in human cell hybrids (HeLa X skin fibroblasts). A dose - response curve for the induction of this marker of neoplastic transformation has been obtained. Studies of the repair of potentially lethal and potentially transforming damage indicate a slow repair process which results in enhanced survival and decreased neoplastic transformation over the period 6-24 h post-treatment. The kinetics of this repair process are consistent with previously published work on the kinetics of removal of thymine dimers from UVC-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. During the first few hours post-irradiation (0-6 h) there are fluctuations in transformation frequency while survival remains essentially constant. It is during this period that 6-4 photoproducts are removed from UV-irradiated DNA. It is possible that repair of these lesions may lead to an increase in transformation frequency and have no impact in terms of survival.

Measurement of boar sperm motility by the trans-membrane migration method

The conventional microscopic methods for evaluating sperm motility of domestic animals are mostly inadequate due to their subjectivity and lack of precision. Recently, a trans-membrane migration method, originally developed for the examination of human sperm motility, has substantially overcome these problems. This study investigated the applicability of the method to boar sperm motility measurement. The apparatus used was simple and consisted only of syringe plungers, poriferous membranes, and modified multi-well culture plates. It measured the proportion of sperm in the semen that moved across the membrane after incubation at 37 degrees C for 3 hr. The sperm motility as measured by this method correlated well with that measured by direct microscopic examinations. The measurement was more reliable using an 8-microns instead of a 5-microns pore-size membrane. The method was found to work equally well for the sperm motility measurement of the semen with a sperm concentration between 1.5 x 10(8)/ml and 6.0 x 10(8)/ml. The results indicate that this method is a simple, objective, quantitative, and reproducible design for the measurement of boar sperm motility.

Suppression of the radiation-induced expression of a tumor-associated antigen in human cell hybrids by the protease inhibitor antipain

The effect of the protease inhibitor antipain (1.25 micrograms/ml) on the radiation-induced expression of a tumor-associated antigen in human cell hybrids has been investigated. A variety of treatment protocols have been studied where antipain was present before, during and at various times post-irradiation. It was found that antipain suppressed the radiation-induced expression of the tumor-associated antigen in all treatment protocols. The most effective suppression was obtained in those protocols where the protease inhibitor was present for the first 4 h post-irradiation. A possible explanation for this observation is that antipain may inhibit an error-prone DNA repair process. However, it is clear that this is not the only mechanism whereby the inhibitor can exert its effect since suppression was obtained even when antipain was added 10 days post-irradiation, a time when any DNA repair processes would be expected to be over.

Acyl coenzyme a preference of the glycerol phosphate pathway in the microsomes from the maturing seeds of palm, maize, and rapeseed

The acyl coenzyme A (CoA) preference of the glycerol phosphate pathway in the microsomes from the maturing seeds of palm (Butia capitata Becc.), maize (Zea mays L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was tested. Each microsomal preparation was incubated with [(14)C-U]-glycerol-3-phosphate and either lauroyl CoA, oleoyl CoA, or erucoyl CoA, and the (14)C-lipid products were separated and quantitated. In the presence of oleoyl CoA, the microsomes from each of the three species produced lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol with kinetics consistent with the operation of the glycerol phosphate pathway. In the presence of erucoyl CoA, the microsomes from all the three species did not produce di- or tri-acyl lipids. In the presence of lauroyl CoA, only the microsomes from palm, but not those from maize or rapeseed, synthesized di- and tri-acyl lipids. This lack of reactivity of lauroyl CoA was also observed in the microsomes from maturing castor bean, peanut, and soybean. In maize seed and rapeseed, but not palm seed, the kinetics of labeling suggest that lauroyl and erucoyl moieties of the acyl CoAs were incorporated into lysophosphatidic acid but failed to enter into phosphatidic acid and thus the subsequent lipid products. We propose that the high degree of acyl specificity of lysophosphatidyl acyltransferase is the blocking step in the synthesis of triacylglycerols using lauroyl CoA or erucoyl CoA. The significance of the findings in seed oil biotechnology is discussed.

A comparison of the radiation sensitivities of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic human hybrid cell lines

The radiation sensitivities of two related non-tumorigenic and two related tumorigenic human hybrid cell lines (HeLa x skin fibroblast) have been studied. The data show that the transformation from the non-tumorigenic to the tumorigenic state, which is accompanied by the loss of skin fibroblast chromosomes 11 and 14, is not associated with any major changes in radiation sensitivity. The data do indicate, however, a trend toward a steeper and longer initial slope to the cell survival curve for the tumorigenic cell lines, along with a subsequent reduced ability to accumulate sublethal radiation injury at low doses. Both nontumorigenic and tumorigenic cell lines have the capability of repairing sublethal injury.

Further studies on the radiation-induced expression of a tumor-specific antigen in human cell hybrids

The neoplastic transformation of human cell hybrids (HeLa x skin fibroblasts) is accompanied by the expression of a cell surface protein for which monoclonal antibodies have been raised. The gamma-radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of these cells has been studied where the expression of this cell surface protein, as detected by immunoperoxidase staining, has been used as an end point. The yield of foci of positively staining cells has been shown to increase with increasing time postirradiation at which the assay is done and decrease with increasing density of viable cells plated postirradiation. The time of plating postirradiation is also an important parameter with transformation frequencies increasing over the first 6 h of postirradiation holding at confluence, followed by a gradual decrease.

Neoplastic transformation of human hybrid cells by gamma radiation: a quantitative assay

Human skin fibroblasts are extremely refractory to neoplastic transformation by ionizing radiation [C. Borek, Nature 283, 776-778 (1980); M. Namba, H. Nishitani, and T. Kimoto, J. Exp. Med. 48, 303-311 (1978)] and are therefore unsuitable for quantitative studies of dose-effect relationships. We show here that a nontumorigenic human hybrid cell line (HeLa X skin fibroblast) can be neoplastically transformed by treatment with gamma radiation. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship has been established. We propose that this human hybrid cell line may be a useful system for mechanistic studies of transformation from the preneoplastic to the neoplastic state by ionizing radiation and other agents.

Repair of potentially lethal radiation damage in confluent and non-confluent cultures of human hybrid cells

The repair of potentially lethal damage (PLDR) in a gamma-irradiated human hybrid cell line (skin fibroblast X HeLa) and its tumourigenic segregant has been studied as a function of cell density at the time of irradiation and during the postirradiation repair period. The data show that PLDR occurs in both non-confluent and confluent cultures of both cell lines. Furthermore, there is evidence that the extent of PLDR is dependent on cell density and that cell-cell contact may be an important factor in this regard.

Radiobiological studies of human hybrid cells (skin fibroblasts X HeLa) and their tumourigenic segregants

Data are presented on the survival characteristics following gamma-irradiation of a human hybrid cell line (skin fibroblasts X HeLa), and its tumourigenic segregant, which indicate that transition from the non-tumourigenic to the tumourigenic state is associated with a decrease in the ability to accumulate and repair sublethal damage. Previous studies have demonstrated that this transition to the tumourigenic state is also associated with loss of specific chromosomes (one copy each of chromosomes 11 and 14). It is suggested that this loss of chromosomes may account for the change in radiosensitivity.

Preliminary studies on a lectin on the surface of adipocytes

A lectin-like component on the surface of porcine adipocytes was identified, chiefly by means of the cell adhesion and hemagglutination assays. This component, named porcine adipocyte lectin (PAL), was isolated with Triton X-100 solubilization followed by affinity chromatography. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two hands of PAL stained with Coomassie blue were revealed with the apparent molecular weights of 112,000 and 89,000. Moreover, the glycoprotein nature of PAL, was demonstrated by periodic-Schiff reagent staining. PAL was able to recognize maltose, mannose and mannan and glycoproteins with analogous sugar structure in the presence of Ca. By the finding that adipocytes in suspension could be aggregated by adding PAL, the hypothesis was advanced that PAL may be involved in the recognition and adhesion of adipocytes in vivo.

Effects of positive end expiratory pressure and counterpressurization on circulating prostaglandins in the dog

The effects of the application of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation, with and without body counterpressure (CP), on circulating prostaglandin-like substances (PGL) were studied in chloralose anesthetized dogs. The normal respiratory movements were paralysed with succinylcholine chloride. Arterial levels of PGL were continuously bioassayed using Vane's blood superfusion method. PEEPs of 10 and 20 mm Hg elicited PEEP-related increases in functional residual capacity and circulating PGL levels and decreases in blood pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, and heart rate. The PGL appeared to be PGE or prostacyclin in character. When PEEP and CP were simultaneously applied, the increments or decrements of indices described above were reduced. It is concluded that increases in the levels of circulating PGL are attributable, at least in part, to hyperexpansion of the lungs during PEEP and that some of the cardiovascular deterioration observed during and after PEEP may be the result of the vasodilating and cardiodepressing effects of PGL.